Many applications of intuitionistic fuzzy sets depend on ranking or comparing intuitionistic fuzzy numbers. This paper presents a novel ranking method for intuitionistic fuzzy numbers based on the preference attitudinal accuracy and score functions. The proposed ranking method considers not only the preference attitude of decision maker, but also all the possible values in feasible domain. Some desirable properties of preference attitudinal accuracy and score functions are verified in detail. A total order on the set of intuitionistic fuzzy numbers is (...) established by using the proposed two functions. The proposed ranking method is also applied to select renewable energy. The advantage and validity of the proposed method are shown by comparing with some representative ranking methods. (shrink)
This article discusses the Daoist contribution to the idea of human dignity in the classical Chinese philosophy, particularly in aspects that had been ignored by the Confucians and the Moists. By criticizing the traditional morality and reviving the faith in a primitive, self-sufficient life, Laozi and Zhuangzi add an important dimension to the classical understanding of human dignity: individual freedom, particularly the freedom of living under minimum burden, direction, and oppression of the state. By comparing the Daoist conception of human (...) dignity with those of the Confucians and Moists, the article concludes that all three classical schools, if rationally construed, should support the view that the establishment of a liberal constitutional scheme is necessary to preserve and protect minimum/basic dignity in both physical and spiritual well-being of every human person who lives in a modern society. (shrink)
“Beauty” is a very important concept in Pre-Qin Confucian aesthetics. Pre-Qin Confucian aesthetics generally had two viewpoints when defining beauty: Negatively, by stressing that “beauty” in the aesthetic sense was not “good”; and positively, by stressing two factors: one, that beauty was related to “feeling” which was not an animal instinct, the other was that “beauty” was a special texture with a particular meaning. “Beauty” in Pre-Qin Confucian aesthetics may be defined as “texture (or form)” capable of communicating feeling or (...) triggering a reaction of feeling. (shrink)
PurposeWhite matter damage was defined as the appearance of rough and uneven echo enhancement in the white matter around the ventricle. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a risk prediction model for neonatal WMD.Materials and MethodsWe collected data for 1,733 infants hospitalized at the Department of Neonatology at The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from 2017 to 2020. Infants were randomly assigned to training or validation cohorts at a ratio of 7:3. Multivariate logistic regression and (...) least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analyses were used to establish a risk prediction model and web-based risk calculator based on the training cohort data. The predictive accuracy of the model was verified in the validation cohort.ResultsWe identified four variables as independent risk factors for brain WMD in neonates by multivariate logistic regression and LASSO analysis, including gestational age, fetal distress, prelabor rupture of membranes, and use of corticosteroids. These were used to establish a risk prediction nomogram and web-based calculator. The C-index of the training and validation sets was 0.898 and 0.887, respectively. Decision tree analysis showed that the model was highly effective in the threshold range of 1–61%. The sensitivity and specificity of the model were 82.5 and 81.7%, respectively, and the cutoff value was 0.099.ConclusionThis is the first study describing the use of a nomogram and web-based calculator to predict the risk of WMD in neonates. The web-based calculator increases the applicability of the predictive model and is a convenient tool for doctors at primary hospitals and outpatient clinics, family doctors, and even parents to identify high-risk births early on and implementing appropriate interventions while avoiding excessive treatment of low-risk patients. (shrink)
Based on the method of dynamic programming, this paper uses analysis methods governed by the nonlinear and inhomogeneous partial differential equation to study modern portfolio management problems with stochastic volatility, incomplete markets, limited investment scope, and constant relative risk aversion. In this paper, a three-level Crank–Nicolson finite difference scheme is used to determine numerical solutions under this general setting. One of the main contributions of this paper is to apply this three-level technology to solve the portfolio selection problem. In addition, (...) we have used a technique to deal with the nonlinear term, which is another novelty in performing the Crank–Nicolson algorithm. The Crank–Nicolson algorithm has also been extended to third-order accuracy by performing Richardson’s extrapolation. The accuracy of the proposed algorithm is much higher than the traditional finite difference method. Lastly, experiments are conducted to show the performance of the proposed algorithm. (shrink)
In a multiprocessor system, as a key measure index for evaluating its reliability, diagnosability has attracted lots of attentions. Traditional diagnosability and conditional diagnosability have already been widely discussed. However, the existing diagnosability measures are not sufficiently comprehensive to address a large number of faulty nodes in a system. This article introduces a novel concept of diagnosability, called two-round diagnosability, which means that all faulty nodes can be identified by at most a one-round replacement. The characterization of two-round t-diagnosable systems (...) is provided; moreover, several important properties are also presented. Based on the abovementioned theories, for the n-dimensional hypercube Qn, we show that its two-round diagnosability is n2+n/2, which is n+1/2 times its classic diagnosability. Furthermore, a fault diagnosis algorithm is proposed to identify each node in the system under the PMC model. For Qn, we prove that the proposed algorithm is the time complexity of On2n. (shrink)
This paper presents a problem of observer-based adaptive fuzzy predefined performance control of a class of nonlinear pure-feedback systems with input delay and unknown control direction. Compared with the existing research, a novel predefined performance controller is proposed, which relaxes the assumption that the initial error is known. In addition, it is difficult to design the controllers due to input delay and nonaffine properties of the pure-feedback systems, which can be simplified by Pade approximation. Moreover, dynamic surface control and Nussbaum (...) functions are applied to overcome the calculation explosion caused by repeated differentiations and unknown control direction, respectively. Based on the above methods, an adaptive fuzzy predefined performance controller is proposed, and it is proved that all the signals of a closed-loop system are semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded. The tracking errors converge within a predefined range, while the observer estimation errors converge within a small zero region. Finally, the simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control system. (shrink)
In a social network, a user is greatly influenced by their neighbors’ opinions, and the user’s opinion updating can be regarded as the prisoner’s dilemma game. In view of such considerations, this paper proposes an opinion evolution and control model based on the prisoner’s dilemma game and gives the corresponding opinion evolution and control algorithm. Under different initial positive opinion proportions, different opinion control levels, and the same control threshold value and under different initial positive opinion proportions, different opinion control (...) levels, and different opinion control threshold values in a scale-free network, the experiments illustrate the opinion evolution trends and control strategies according to the measures of changing the opinion control levels and opinion control threshold values for network regulators. The experiments show that the lower the initial positive opinion proportion is and the smaller the control opinion threshold value chosen by the network regulators is, the lower the opinion control level is; the larger the initial positive opinion proportion is and the larger the control opinion threshold value chosen by the network regulators is, the lower the opinion control level is. (shrink)
Four CSAMT profiles were conducted in early 2011 in order to investigate the distribution rules of oil shale in Tongchuan area of southern Ordos basin. After terrain correction, we high-pass filtered the resulting images to prepare the 2D CSAMT apparent resistivity profiles for further analysis. Specifically, we correlated the high-pass filtered apparent resistivity anomalies to the distribution of oil shale seen in three available wells. The results show a close relationship between the oil shale distribution and the anomalously high apparent (...) resistivity belt-like anomalies in the Tongchuan area. Our analysis indicates two prospective areas with different depths for oil shale within the study area. (shrink)
The human spindle and kinetochore associated complex is required for proper mitotic progression. Extensive studies have demonstrated its important functions in both stable kinetochore-microtubule interactions and spindle checkpoint silencing. We suggest a model to explain how various Ska functions might be fulfilled by distinct pools of Ska at kinetochores. The Ndc80-loop pool of Ska is recruited by the Ndc80 loop, or together with some of its flanking sequences, and the recruitment is also dependent on Cdk1-mediated Ska3 phosphorylation. This pool seems (...) to play a more important role in silencing the spindle checkpoint than stabilizing kinetochore-microtubule interactions. In contrast, the Ndc80-N-terminus pool of Ska is recruited by the N-terminal domains of Ndc80 and appears to be more important for stabilizing kinetochore-microtubule interactions. Here, we review and discuss the evidence that supports this model and suggest further experiments to test the functioning mechanisms of the Ska complex. The human spindle and kinetochore associated complex plays essential functions in proper mitotic progression by promoting stable kinetochore-microtubule interactions and spindle checkpoint silencing. We propose that “distinct pools” of Ska—the Ndc80-loop and Ndc80-N-terminus pools—might fulfill these various functions. (shrink)
