El propósito u objeto de este artículo es resaltar la importancia que la Economía Social tiene y su papel fundamental a nivel de motor económico porque : distribuye de forma más igualitaria la renta y la riqueza, contribuye al desarrollo económico endógeno, incrementa la autonomía de los territorios, corrige los desequilibrios del mercado de trabajo, oferta más servicios de bienestar social, ayuda a la estabilidad económica y hace que el desarrollo económico sea sostenible. Así mismo, una vez justificada la importancia (...) de la utilidad de la Economía Social los poderes públicos deben reforzar y potenciar esas utilidades mediante el fomento de políticas publicas que ayuden a potenciar estas características. Los objetivos que nos marcamos son explicar en qué consiste esta función económica, describir los diferentes métodos de fomento de las políticas públicas y explicar qué está haciendo la Unión Europea al respecto del fomento de las políticas públicas de fomento de la Economía Social. La metodología ha sido acudir a las distintas fuentes primarias y secundarias que refleja la bibliografía utilizada, varios trabajos en los que nos hemos basado comportan análisis empíricos de bases de datos. Los principales resultados son que a nivel español y a nivel europeo se está empezando a tener en cuenta que la Economía Social es un sector estratégico frente a la crisis y el paro. Y las conclusiones más relevantes son que debemos continuar en la senda de la investigación de cómo las políticas públicas son un instrumento de fomento esencial de la Economía Social.The purpose or object of this article is to highlight the importance of the social economy and its level role as economic engine has the following advantages: more equally distributes income and wealth, contributes to endogenous economic development, increases the autonomy of the territories, corrects imbalances in the labor market, offer social welfare services, economic stability helps and makes sustainable economic development. Also, once justified the importance of the utility of the Social Economy, governments should strengthen and boost those profits by encouraging public policies that help drive these features. The goals we set are: explain what this economic function, describe the different methods of promoting public policies that use these and explain what the eu is doing in terms of stimulating the Social Economy. The methodology has been to go to various primary and secondary sources, as reflected in the literature used, and especially consider several jobs that we have relied, and which involve empirical analysis databases. The main results both nationally and at European level show that the administrations are beginning to consider that the social economy is a strategic sector to the crisis and unemployment. Therefore, the most important conclusion is that from the academic must continue investigating how public policy can act as an instrument driver of Social Economy. (shrink)

This book develops a philosophical analysis of economic reality and economic science from an Aristotelian point of view. It is the result of many years of thinking and philosophical study about these topics. It differs from other philosophy of economics books as it also deals with economic reality (not only the science) and approaches its subject from an Aristotelian perspective. It differs from other Aristotelian studies about economics as it covers the whole of philosophy of the economy. This book argues (...) why Aristotle's thinking guarantees an appropriate interdisciplinary synthesis. (shrink)

In this chapter, Ricardo Silvestre and Alan Herbert offer a reconstruction of the Gītā’s concept of God with a focus on the relationship between God and the world. They try to explain the claim that the Gītā is panentheistic. This is done with the help of some key notions of contemporary metaphysics (such as ontological dependence and fundamentality) along with the Indic notion of prakṛti, considered as a metaphysical primitive denoting the intimate relationship that exists between matter and conscious (...) living beings on the one hand, and God on the other. (shrink)

Este trabajo analiza los elementos centrales de la concepción platónica del saber moral en el diálogo Critón. En primer lugar, se examina la caracterización del saber moral que Sócrates se atribuye a sí mismo en la Apología, con el objetivo de ofrecer un marco conceptual de referencia en el que situar el saber moral socrático tal y como es presentado en el Critón. El siguiente epígrafe está dedicado al estudio de los principios prácticos introducidos por Sócrates en su respuesta a (...) la propuesta de fuga planteada por su amigo Critón y que habrán de guiar la deliberación sobre si tal acción debe acometerse o no. Dicha deliberación es el objeto de análisis en el cuarto epígrafe. Finalmente, en el quinto y último epígrafe se analizan algunos aspectos disposicionales en los que incide la representación dramática de Sócrates y Critón y que resultan esenciales en la caracterización del saber moral en el Critón. (shrink)

The use of new paradigms of false belief tasks allowed to reduce the age of children who pass the test from the previous 4 years in the standard version to only 15 months or even a striking 6 months in the nonverbal modification. These results are often taken as evidence that infants already possess an—at least implicit—theory of mind. We criticize this inferential leap on the grounds that inferring a ToM from the predictive success on a false belief task requires (...) to assume as premise that a belief reasoning is a necessary condition for correct action prediction. It is argued that the FBT does not satisfactorily constrain the predictive means, leaving room for the use of belief-independent inferences. These heuristics, when applied to the FBT, can achieve the same predictive success of a belief-based inference because information provided by the test stimulus allows the recognition of particular situations that can be subsumed by their ‘laws’. Instead of solving this issue by designing a single experimentum crucis that would render unfeasible the use of non-representational inferences, we suggest the application of a set of tests in which, although individually they can support inferences dissociated from a ToM, only an inference that makes use of false beliefs is able to correctly predict all the outcomes. (shrink)

En primer lugar, expondremos el trasfondo común que comparten las propuestas multiculturalistas y las intercultralistas, esto es, el particular énfasis que ponen en la necesidad de reconocimiento para la conformación de la personalidad y en las patologías que se derivan de la falta de reconocimiento. En segundo lugar, veremos algunos de los problemas que suscitan los planteamientos multiculturalistas: minorías dentro de las minorías, esencialismo y ausencia de cohesión social. En este punto también expondremos algunas de las propuestas del interculturalismo para (...) superar estos obstáculos. Por último, propondremos la noción de patriotismo constitucional como fórmula para la cohesión social, puesto que éste, al requerir una adhesión de tipo cívico, puede ser abrazado desde cualquier forma de vida particular, además de contemplar el importante papel de la sociedad civil a la hora de dar forma a sus principios a través del Derecho.In the first place, we will deal with the common background that multiculturalism and interclturalism share: the emphasis that they put in the necesity of recognition in the conformation of the personality and in the pathologies derived from the absence of recognition. In the second place, we will explore some of the problems that multiculturalism entails: minorities within minorities, essentialism and lack of social cohesion. At this point, we will explain some of the solutions that interculturalism has proposed for these problems. To conclude, we will propose the notion of constitutional patriotism as a means for achieving social cohesion. Constitutional patriotism demands some sort of civic engagement, so it can be supported from every particular cultural form of life. Besides, this proposal takes into account the important role of civic society when it comes to shape its principles through Law. (shrink)

La repugnancia es una emoción que pone de manifiesto la especificidad de los seres humanos como seres naturales y seres culturales. Es por ello que la repugnancia constituye un objeto de estudio privilegiado para la Neuroética. En el siguiente artículo trataremos de mostrar que la repugnancia no es una mera reacción fisiológica, sino que la evolución biológica y cultural ha hecho de ella una emoción enormemente compleja dotada de un gran contenido cognitivo. Veremos qué papel ha jugado el recurso retórico (...) a la repugnancia en distintos procesos de deshumanización y crueldad a lo largo de la historia. Por último, examinaremos cómo funciona la empatía en la agencia moral y analizaremos qué relación tiene este mecanismo psicológico con la repugnancia. (shrink)

Innovation is strongly associated with survival and growth of all kind of organizations in a global competitive economy. Moreover, nowadays companies are increasingly questioned on how they deliver innovative solutions to deep-seated problems, such as poverty. Our research aims to understand how Economy of Communion companies respond to this challenge by applying the logic of gratuitousness and giving. This paper examines the altruistic behaviour of EoC leaders and the connection with organizational innovation, necessary for firm’s survival in the long-term. We (...) analyse these connections through a qualitative descriptive case study of three Spanish EoC companies. The findings reveal altruistic behaviours of leaders seeking the Common Good. Innovation derives from the desire to help others, such as employees and customers. Moreover, the findings reveal that a culture of dialogue among employees, managers and the whole organisation enhances risk-taking and, therefore, innovation The paper contributes to our understanding of how EoC companies are able to reconcile innovation with the ideal of altruism, distinctive of the Economy of Communion. We believe that this study opens up a wide range of future research opportunities on the antecedents of an innovative organizational culture. (shrink)

¿Ciencias sociales o ciencias de la sociedad? -- La adquisición e intercambio de conocimiento -- La formación y evolución del lenguaje -- La formación de valores, moral y costumbre -- Bases metodológicas para el estudio histórico de los fenómenos sociales -- Cooperación social y gobierno.

Any plausibly just market exchange must balance two conflicting moral considerations: non-worseness (Wertheimer, 1999) and euvoluntariness (true voluntariness; Munger, 2011). We propose an analytical theory of just market exchange that partly resolves this conflict.

The so-called ‘hidden curriculum’ is often presented as a counterproductive element in education, and many scholars argue that it should be eliminated, by being made explicit, in education in general and specifically in higher education. The problem of the HC has not been solved by the transition from a teacher-centered education to a student-centered educational model that takes the student’s experience as the starting point of learning. In this article we turn to several philosophers of education to propose that HC (...) can be made explicit in HE when the teacher recognizes and lives his/her teaching as a personal issue, not merely a technical one; and that the students’ experience of the learning process is not merely individual but emerges through their interpersonal relationship with the teacher. We suggest ways in which this interpersonal relationship can be strengthened despite current challenges in HE. (shrink)

Is it possible to combine different logics into a coherent system with the goal of applying it to specific problems so that it sheds some light on foundational aspects of those logics? These are two of the most basic issues of combining logics. Paranormal modal logic is a combination of paraconsistent logic and modal logic. In this paper, I propose two further combinatory developments, focusing on each one of these two issues. On the foundational side, I combine paranormal modal logic (...) with normal modal logic, resulting into a paraconsistent and paracomplete multimodal logic dealing with the notions of plausibility and certainty. On the application side, I combine this logic with Reiter’s default logic, resulting into an inductive and consequently nonmonotonic paraconsistent and paracomplete logic able to represent some key inductive principles. (shrink)

Este trabajo describe la vida y escritos de L. Polo hasta 1996. A los 25 años descubrió su método de pensamiento: el abandono del limite mental. Vivió en Madrid, Roma, Granada y Pamplona. Amante de la verdad y de la libertad personal. Entre sus obras más profundas se encuentran las que componen su Curso de teoría del conocimiento y su Antropología trascendental.

We uncover fundamental dimensions of the process through which organizations embed the practice of fraternity through embarking on an organizational journey in the direction of the common good. Building on the latest encyclical of Pope Francis, _Fratelli Tutti_, about fraternal and social friendship, we offer insight into the understanding of what it means to become a fraternal organization and reflect on the key ethical and paradoxical challenges for organizations aiming at collectively contributing to the common good. We add to previous (...) work by characterizing this journey as a process involving unique ethical challenges that emerge from the paradoxes associated with this process and how this might change the nature of the relationships between organizations and others within the organizational landscape. (shrink)

Anchors and ghosts -- Making sense -- The anxiety of evidence -- The wheat and the chaff -- Sedation or seduction?.

This research aims to monitor the current situation of confinement in Spanish society motivated by COVID-19 crisis. For this, a study of its socio-family, psychological and educational impact is conducted. The sample (N= 165 families, 89.1% nuclear families with children living in the same household and 20.5% with a relative in a risk group) comes from the Aragonese region (Spain). The instruments used are: Beck-II Depression Inventory (BDI-II); Baron-Cohen and Wheelwright’s Empathy Quotient (EQ) with its cognitive empathy subscale, as well (...) as an ad-hoc questionnaire, reviewed by a panel of experts, to learn about socio-personal, family and housing conditions, use of technology, involvement in school tasks and household, and working condition. The multiple regression analysis results show that the anxiety derived from the current situation is explained in 23.1% (p< 0.001) by the variables: gender (t = -2.31,p= 0.022), level of Internet consumption (t = 2.139,p= 0.034), increase of family conflicts (t = 2.980,p= 0.003) and help with school tasks (t = 2.980,p= 0.040). On the other hand, cognitive empathy is explained in 24.6% (p< 0.001) by the variables: gender (t = -4.690,p< 0.001) and mother’s hours of teleworking (t = 2.101,p= 0.037). All this leads us to conclusions related to preventive systems of social, psychological, and educational aspects to better serve families. These conclusions can be also be transferred to the future with an inclusive care to family settings from those three parameters. (shrink)

Mathematics is a critical part of much scientific research. Physics in particular weaves math extensively into its instruction beginning in high school. Despite much research on the learning of both physics and math, the problem of how to effectively include math in physics in a way that reaches most students remains unsolved. In this paper, we suggest that a fundamental issue has received insufficient exploration: the fact that in science, we don’t just use math, we make meaning with it in (...) a different way than mathematicians do. In this reflective essay, we explore math as a language and consider the language of math in physics through the lens of cognitive linguistics. We begin by offering a number of examples that show how the use of math in physics differs from the use of math as typically found in math classes. We then explore basic concepts in cognitive semantics to show how humans make meaning with language in general. The critical elements are the roles of embodied cognition and interpretation in context. Then, we show how a theoretical framework commonly used in physics education research, resources, is coherent with and extends the ideas of cognitive semantics by connecting embodiment to phenomenological primitives and contextual interpretation to the dynamics of meaning-making with conceptual resources, epistemological resources, and affect. We present these ideas with illustrative case studies of students working on physics problems with math and demonstrate the dynamical nature of student reasoning with math in physics. We conclude with some thoughts about the implications for instruction. (shrink)

This collection of new essays by an international group of scholars closely examine the works of Aristotle's Organon. The Organon is the general title given to the collection of Aristotle's logical works: Categories, De Interpretatione, Prior Analytics, Posterior Analytics, Topics and Sophistical Refutations. This extremely influential collection gave Aristotle the reputation of being the founder of logic, and has helped shaped the development of logic for over two millennia. The chapters in this volume cover topics pertaining to each of the (...) six works traditionally included in the Organon as well as its manuscript tradition. In addition, a comprehensive introduction by the editors discusses Aristotle and logic, the composition and order of the Organon, and the authenticity, title, and chronology of the treatises that make up these works New Essays on Aristotle's Organon offers a valuable insight into this collection for students and scholars working on Aristotle, the works of the Organon, or the philosophy of logic more broadly. (shrink)

El concepto de acción -- Teoría y lógica de las normas -- Los predicados jurídicos y su base empírica -- La identificación del fenómeno jurídico -- Lagunas y criterios de decisión -- La revolución informático-jurídica -- Secuencias y niveles en el sistema normativo -- Ciencia jurídica e irracionalismo.

From Homeric heroes, Lucifer and Faust to the phenomenology of individual and social emotions, this book unfolds historical dimensions, literary recreations and philosophical analyses of the most ambivalent emotion of pride, from worst of sins to noblest feeling.