43 found
Order:
Disambiguations
Robert T. Pennock [35]Robert Pennock [11]Robert Tatnall Pennock [1]
  1.  20
    Tower of Babel: The Evidence against the New Creationism.Robert T. Pennock - 1999 - MIT Press.
    Creationists have acquired a more sophisticated intellectual arsenal. This book reveals the insubstantiality of their arguments. Creationism is no longer the simple notion it once was taken to be. Its new advocates have become more sophisticated in how they present their views, speaking of "intelligent design" rather than "creation science" and aiming their arguments against the naturalistic philosophical method that underlies science, proposing to replace it with a "theistic science." The creationism controversy is not just about the status of Darwinian (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   62 citations  
  2.  59
    But is It Science?: The Philosophical Question in the Creation/Evolution Controversy.Robert T. Pennock & Michael Ruse (eds.) - 2008 - Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus Books.
    Preface 9 PART I: RELIGIOUS, SCIENTIFIC, AND PHILOSOPHICAL BACKGROUND Introduction to Part I 19 1. The Bible 27 2. Natural Theology 33 William Paley 3. On the Origin of Species 38 Charles Darwin 4. Objections to Mr. Darwin’s Theory of the Origin of Species 65 Adam Sedgwick 5. The Origin of Species 73 Thomas H. Huxley 6. What Is Darwinism? 82 Charles Hodge 7. Darwinism as a Metaphysical Research Program 105 Karl Popper 8. Karl Popper’s Philosophy of Biology 116 Michael (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   22 citations  
  3.  77
    Intelligent Design Creationism and Its Critics: Philosophical, Theological, and Scientifc Perspectives.Robert T. Pennock (ed.) - 2001 - MIT Press.
    An anthology of writings by proponents and critics of intelligent design creationism.
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   25 citations  
  4.  68
    Developing a Scientific Virtue-Based Approach to Science Ethics Training.Robert T. Pennock & Michael O’Rourke - 2017 - Science and Engineering Ethics 23 (1):243-262.
    Responsible conduct of research training typically includes only a subset of the issues that ought to be included in science ethics and sometimes makes ethics appear to be a set of externally imposed rules rather than something intrinsic to scientific practice. A new approach to science ethics training based upon Pennock’s notion of the scientific virtues may help avoid such problems. This paper motivates and describes three implementations—theory-centered, exemplar-centered, and concept-centered—that we have developed in courses and workshops to introduce students (...)
    Direct download (5 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   16 citations  
  5.  15
    An instinct for truth: curiosity and the moral character of science.Robert T. Pennock - 2019 - Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press.
    An exploration of the scientific mindset—such character virtues as curiosity, veracity, attentiveness, and humility to evidence—and its importance for science, democracy, and human flourishing. Exemplary scientists have a characteristic way of viewing the world and their work: their mindset and methods all aim at discovering truths about nature. In An Instinct for Truth, Robert Pennock explores this scientific mindset and argues that what Charles Darwin called “an instinct for truth, knowledge, and discovery” has a tacit moral structure—that it is important (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   5 citations  
  6.  52
    Can’t philosophers tell the difference between science and religion?: Demarcation revisited.Robert T. Pennock - 2011 - Synthese 178 (2):177-206.
    In the 2005 Kitzmiller v Dover Area School Board case, a federal district court ruled that Intelligent Design creationism was not science, but a disguised religious view and that teaching it in public schools is unconstitutional. But creationists contend that it is illegitimate to distinguish science and religion, citing philosophers Quinn and especially Laudan, who had criticized a similar ruling in the 1981 McLean v. Arkansas creation-science case on the grounds that no necessary and sufficient demarcation criterion was possible and (...)
    Direct download (5 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   20 citations  
  7. The Postmodern Sin of Intelligent Design Creationism.Robert T. Pennock - 2010 - Science & Education 19 (6-8):757-778.
    That Intelligent Design Creationism rejects the methodological naturalism of modern science in favor of a premodern supernaturalist worldview is well documented and by now well known. An irony that has not been sufficiently appreciated, however, is the way that ID Creationists try to advance their premodern view by adopting (if only tactically) a radical postmodern perspective. This paper will reveal the deep threads of postmodernism that run through the ID Creationist movement’s arguments, as evidenced in the writings and interviews of (...)
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   10 citations  
  8.  37
    A New Method for a Virtue-Based Responsible Conduct of Research Curriculum: Pilot Test Results.Eric Berling, Chet McLeskey, Michael O’Rourke & Robert T. Pennock - 2019 - Science and Engineering Ethics 25 (3):899-910.
    Drawing on Pennock’s theory of scientific virtues, we are developing an alternative curriculum for training scientists in the responsible conduct of research that emphasizes internal values rather than externally imposed rules. This approach focuses on the virtuous characteristics of scientists that lead to responsible and exemplary behavior. We have been pilot-testing one element of such a virtue-based approach to RCR training by conducting dialogue sessions, modeled upon the approach developed by Toolbox Dialogue Initiative, that focus on a specific virtue, e.g., (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   3 citations  
  9. Should creationism be taught in the public schools?Robert T. Pennock - 2002 - Science & Education 11 (2):111-133.
    I consider what it might mean to teach creationism and offer a variety of educational, legal, religious, and philosophical arguments for why it is improper to teach it in public school science classes and possibly elsewhere as well. I rebut the standard creationist arguments for inclusion. I also rebut Rawlsian arguments offered by philosopher of religion Alvin Plantinga.
    Direct download (5 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   12 citations  
  10.  64
    DNA by Design?Robert T. Pennock - unknown
    In his keynote address at a recent Intelligent Design (ID) conference at Biola University, ID leader William Dembski began by quoting "a well-known ID sympathizer" whom he had asked to assess the current state of the ID movement. Dembski explained that he had asked because, "after some initial enthusiasm on his part three years ago, his interest seemed to have flagged" (Dembski 2002). The sympathizer replied that..
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   7 citations  
  11.  96
    Models, simulations, instantiations and evidence: The case of digital evolution.Robert Pennock - manuscript
    Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Artificial Intelligence What is the difference between a simulation of X and simply another instance of X? Is there a point at which the ‘‘virtual reality’’ of a model becomes the real thing? This paper examines these questions using cases taken from recent developments in evolutionary engineering and artificial life research. By implementing the Darwinian mechanism and setting it to work on a design problem, scientists and engineers find that evolution not only can improve prior (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   6 citations  
  12. Creationism and Intelligent Design.Robert T. Pennock - 2003 - Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics 4:143-163.
    Key Words creation science, evolution education s Abstract Creationism, the rejection of evolution in favor of supernatural design, comes in many varieties besides the common young-earth Genesis version. Creationist attacks on science education have been evolving in the last few years through the alliance of different varieties. Instead of calls to teach “creation science,” one now finds lobbying for “intelligent design” (ID). Guided by the Discovery Institute’s “Wedge strategy,” the ID movement aims to overturn evolution and what it sees as (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   6 citations  
  13. Biology and religion.Robert T. Pennock - 2007 - In David L. Hull & Michael Ruse (eds.), The Cambridge Companion to the Philosophy of Biology. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  14.  29
    Can Darwinian Mechanisms Make Novel Discoveries?: Learning from discoveries made by evolving neural networks.Robert T. Pennock - 2000 - Foundations of Science 5 (2):225-238.
    Some philosophers suggest that the development of scientificknowledge is a kind of Darwinian process. The process of discovery,however, is one problematic element of this analogy. I compare HerbertSimon's attempt to simulate scientific discovery in a computer programto recent connectionist models that were not designed for that purpose,but which provide useful cases to help evaluate this aspect of theanalogy. In contrast to the classic A.I. approach Simon used, ``neuralnetworks'' contain no explicit protocols, but are generic learningsystems built on the model of (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   5 citations  
  15.  18
    The Surprising Creativity of Digital Evolution: A Collection of Anecdotes From the Evolutionary Computation and Artificial Life Research Communities.Joel Lehman, Jeff Clune, Dusan Misevic, Christoph Adami, Julie Beaulieu, Peter Bentley, Bernard J., Belson Samuel, Bryson Guillaume, M. David, Nick Cheney, Antoine Cully, Stephane Donciuex, Fred Dyer, Ellefsen C., Feldt Kai Olav, Fischer Robert, Forrest Stephan, Frénoy Stephanie, Gagneé Antoine, Goff Christian, Grabowski Leni Le, M. Laura, Babak Hodjat, Laurent Keller, Carole Knibbe, Peter Krcah, Richard Lenski, Lipson E., MacCurdy Hod, Maestre Robert, Miikkulainen Carlos, Mitri Risto, Moriarty Sara, E. David, Jean-Baptiste Mouret, Anh Nguyen, Charles Ofria, Marc Parizeau, David Parsons, Robert Pennock, Punch T., F. William, Thomas Ray, Schoenauer S., Shulte Marc, Sims Eric, Stanley Karl, O. Kenneth, Fran\C. Cois Taddei, Danesh Tarapore, Simon Thibault, Westley Weimer, Richard Watson & Jason Yosinksi - 2018 - CoRR.
    Biological evolution provides a creative fount of complex and subtle adaptations, often surprising the scientists who discover them. However, because evolution is an algorithmic process that transcends the substrate in which it occurs, evolution’s creativity is not limited to nature. Indeed, many researchers in the field of digital evolution have observed their evolving algorithms and organisms subverting their intentions, exposing unrecognized bugs in their code, producing unexpected adaptations, or exhibiting outcomes uncannily convergent with ones in nature. Such stories routinely reveal (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  16. God of the gaps: the argument from ignorance and the limits of methodological naturalism.Robert T. Pennock - 2007 - In A. J. Petto & L. R. Godfrey (eds.), Scientists Confront Intelligent Design and Creationism. Norton. pp. 309--338.
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   3 citations  
  17. Beyond research ethics : how scientific virtue theory reframes and extends responsible conduct of research.Robert T. Pennock - 2018 - In David Carr (ed.), Cultivating Moral Character and Virtue in Professional Practice. New York: Routledge.
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  18.  40
    Epistemic and Ontic Theories of Explanation and Confirmation.Robert T. Pennock - 1995 - Kagaku Tetsugaku 28:31-45.
  19. The Premodern Sins of Intelligent Design.Robert T. Pennock - 2006 - In Philip Clayton & Zachory Simpson (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Religion and Science. Oxford University Press. pp. 732-747.
    Accession Number: ATLA0001712273; Hosting Book Page Citation: p 732-747.; Language(s): English; General Note: Bibliography: p 746-748.; Issued by ATLA: 20130825; Publication Type: Essay.
    Direct download (5 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  20.  13
    (1 other version)Inappropriate Authorship in Collaborative Science Research.Robert T. Pennock - 1996 - Public Affairs Quarterly 10 (4):379-393.
  21. Controversy about Creationism.Robert T. Pennock - unknown
    Teach the Controversy? Kansas just can't get a break. In 1999, the state became an international laughingstock when creationists on the State Board of Education, led by Steve Abrams, gutted what would have been a model science curriculum, removing the theme of evolution as well as mentions of the Big Bang and the geological timescale (Pennock, 1999b, 2000). These board members and the creationist groups that assisted them seemed to confirm every stereotype of Kansas as an ignorant backwater. The creationists (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  22. Investigating the emergence of phenotypic plasticity in evolving digital organisms.Robert Pennock - manuscript
    In the natural world, individual organisms can adapt as their environment changes. In most in silico evolution, however, individual organisms tend to consist of rigid solutions, with all adaptation occurring at the population level. If we are to use artificial evolving systems as a tool in understanding biology or in engineering robust and intelligent systems, however, they should be able to generate solutions with fitness-enhancing phenotypic plasticity. Here we use Avida, an established digital evolution system, to investigate the selective pressures (...)
    Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  23. Journal of experimental & theoretical artificial intelligence.Robert Pennock - manuscript
    Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.informaworld.com/terms-and-conditions-of-access.pdf This article maybe used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, re-distribution, re-selling, loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden.
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  24. Evidential Relevance and the Grue Paradox.Robert T. Pennock - 1998 - Kagaku Tetsugaku 31 (1):101-119.
    use of the Hempelian instance confirmation relation, there are asymmetries than can be exploited if we adopt an "ontic" confirmation theory that uses a causal notion of evidential relevance. I sort out a variety of interpretive confusions about the intended content of the definition of grue and show how the causal approach resolves each in a way that is not paradoxical.
    Direct download (5 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  25.  13
    (1 other version)Pre‐Existing Conditions: Genetic Testing, Causation, and the Justice of Medical Insurance.Robert T. Pennock - 2007 - In Rosamond Rhodes, Leslie P. Francis & Anita Silvers (eds.), The Blackwell Guide to Medical Ethics. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 407–424.
    The prelims comprise: Introduction Pre‐existing Conditions Case Model of Causation Case study of ‘Genetic Disease” The Future of Medical Insurance Conclusion Notes References Suggestions for Further Reading.
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  26. Artificial Life 13.Christoph Adami, David M. Bryson, Charles Offria & Robert T. Pennock (eds.) - 2012 - MIT Press.
    No categories
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  27.  18
    Bayesianism, Ravens, and Evidential Relevance.Robert T. Pennock - 2004 - Annals of the Japan Association for Philosophy of Science 13 (1):1-26.
  28.  87
    Death and taxes: On the justice of conscientious war tax resistance Robert T. Pennock.Robert Pennock - manuscript
    Resistance to paying war taxes that stems from a principled pacifism is not the same as tax-dodging and should be accommodated in the law by broadening the scope of Conscientious Objector (CO) status and by legislating a nonmilitary alternative fund so COs may redirect their tax money to peaceful uses. Using the religious example of the Society of Friends (Quakers) and various secular examples of pacifism I show that resisters’ conscientious opposition to paying for war is of a kind with (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  29.  79
    Early Evolution of Memory Usage in Digital Organisms.Robert T. Pennock - unknown
    We investigate the evolution of memory usage in environments where information about past experience is required for optimal decision making. For this study, we use digital organisms, which are self-replicating computer programs that are subject to mutations and natural selection. We place the digital organisms in a range of experimental environments: simple ones where environmental cues indicate that a specific action should be taken (e.g., turn left to find food) as well as slightly more complex ones where cues refer to (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  30. Evolution — once more, with feeling.Robert Pennock - manuscript
    Dual review of George Levine’s Darwin Loves You and David Sloan Wilson’s Evolution for Everyone.) American Scientist. (Vol. 95, November-December, pp. 528-531, 2007).
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  31. HybrID: A Hybridization of Indirect and Direct Encodings for Evolutionary Computation.Robert T. Pennock & Benjamin E. Beckmann - unknown
    Evolutionary algorithms typically use direct encodings, where each element of the phenotype is specified independently in the genotype. Because direct encodings have difficulty evolving modular and symmetric phenotypes, some researchers use indirect encodings, wherein one genomic element can influence multiple parts of a phenotype. We have previously shown that Hyper- NEAT, an indirect encoding, outperforms FT-NEAT, a direct-encoding control, on many problems, especially as the regularity of the problem increases. However, HyperNEAT is no panacea; it had difficulty accounting for irregularities (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  32. Learning evolution and the nature of science using evolutionary computing and artificial life.Robert Pennock - manuscript
    Because evolution in natural systems happens so slowly, it is dif- ficult to design inquiry-based labs where students can experiment and observe evolution in the way they can when studying other phenomena. New research in evolutionary computation and artificial life provides a solution to this problem. This paper describes a new A-Life software environment – Avida-ED – in which undergraduate students can test evolutionary hypotheses directly using digital organisms that evolve on their own through the very mechanisms that Darwin discovered.
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  33. Science education and religion: Holding the center.Robert Pennock - manuscript
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  34. Should Students Be Able to Opt Out of Evolution? Some Philosophical Considerations.Robert T. Pennock - unknown
    One new development in the ongoing creationism/ evolution controversy has been the proposal to institute optout policies that would allow creationist parents to exempt their children from any instruction involving evolution. By way of an explanation of some of the philosophical issues at play in the debate over evolution and the nature of science, this article shows the educational folly of such policies. If evolution is taught properly, it should not be possible to opt out of it without opting out (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  35.  65
    Whose God? What science?: Reply to Michael Behe.Robert Pennock - manuscript
    In his review of my book Tower of Babel: The Evidence against the New Creationism that he recently published in The Weekly Standard under the title “The God of Science: The Case for Intelligent Design” (Behe 1999), Michael Behe takes me to task for criticizing the “intelligent design” group, of which he is a member, in the same pages that I criticize Genesis literalists and other religious anti-evolutionists. He writes.
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  36.  89
    On the Performance of Indirect Encoding Across the Continuum of Regularity.Kenneth O. Stanley, Robert T. Pennock & Charles Ofria - unknown
    ��This paper investigates how an evolutionary al- gorithm with an indirect encoding exploits the property of phenotypic regularity, an important design principle found in natural organisms and engineered designs. We present the first comprehensive study showing that such phenotypic regularity enables an indirect encoding to outperform direct encoding con- trols as problem regularity increases. Such an ability to produce regular solutions that can exploit the regularity of problems is an important prerequisite if evolutionary algorithms are to scale to high-dimensional real-world (...)
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  37. Naturalism, Evidence and Creationism: The Case of Phillip Johnson. [REVIEW]Robert T. Pennock - 1996 - Biology and Philosophy 11 (4):543-559.
    Phillip Johnson claims that Creationism is a better explanation of the existence and characteristics of biological species than is evolutionary theory. He argues that the only reason biologists do not recognize that Creationist's negative arguments against Darwinism have proven this is that they are wedded to a biased ideological philosophy —Naturalism — which dogmatically denies the possibility of an intervening creative god. However,Johnson fails to distinguish Ontological Naturalism from Methodological Naturalism. Science makes use of the latter and I show how (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   22 citations  
  38.  78
    Negotiating boundaries in the definition of life: Wittgensteinian and Darwinian insights on resolving conceptual border conflicts. [REVIEW]Robert T. Pennock - 2012 - Synthese 185 (1):5-20.
    What is the definition of life? Artificial life environments provide an interesting test case for this classical question. Understanding what such systems can tell us about biological life requires negotiating the tricky conceptual boundary between virtual and real life forms. Drawing from Wittgenstein’s analysis of the concept of a game and a Darwinian insight about classification, I argue that classifying life involves both causal and pragmatic elements. Rather than searching for a single, sharp definition, these considerations suggest that life is (...)
    Direct download (5 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   5 citations  
  39.  94
    Moral darwinism: Ethical evidence for the descent of man. [REVIEW]Robert T. Pennock - 1995 - Biology and Philosophy 10 (3):287-307.
    Could an ethical theory ever play a substantial evidential role in a scientific argument for an empirical hypothesis? InThe Descent of Man, Darwin includes an extended discussion of the nature of human morality, and the ethical theory which he sketches is not simply developed as an interesting ramification of his theory of evolution, but is used as a key part of his evidence for human descent from animal ancestors. Darwin must rebut the argument that, because of our moral nature, humans (...)
    Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  40.  40
    Reply: Johnson's reason in the balance. [REVIEW]Robert T. Pennock - 1996 - Biology and Philosophy 11 (4):565-568.
    Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  41.  80
    Bowler on science and religion. [REVIEW]Robert T. Pennock - 2003 - Endeavour 27 (3):101-102.
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  42.  18
    Explaining Explanation. David-Hillel Ruben. [REVIEW]Robert T. Pennock - 1994 - Philosophy of Science 61 (1):146-147.
  43.  15
    (1 other version)Rescuing Science from Politics: Regulation and the Distortion of Scientific Research. [REVIEW]Robert Pennock - 2009 - Isis 100:957-958.
    Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark