An important historical relation that has hardly been addressed is the influence of Prosper Lucas's Treatise on Natural Inheritance on the development of Charles Darwin's concepts related to inheritance. In this article we trace this historical connection. Darwin read Lucas's Treatise in 1856. His reading coincided with many changes concerning his prior ideas on the transmission and expression of characters. We consider that this reading led him to propose a group of principles regarding prepotency, hereditary diseases, morbid tendencies and atavism; (...) following Lucas, he called these principles: laws of inheritance. (shrink)

Socrates’ last words, as reported by Plato in the Phaedo, are as disquieting as touching: “Crito, we owe a rooster to Asclepius. Do pay it. Don’t forget”. In opposition to the canonical nietzschean interpretation according to which the Athenian philosopher suffered life as an illness and for that reason required to testify his gratitude to the god master of healing, Michel Foucault understands the last Socratic saying as an exhortation not to forget or neglect ourselves, to take care of one’s (...) own life, discovering who we are and how we could better ourselves. The warning on the risks of forgetting the self constitutes the pendulum of Socrates’ death from the beginning of the Apology and the Crito, to the end of the Phaedo, summarizing his attitude towards life and philosophy. His teaching: “take care of yourselves”, we must not pass out of sight, backing away from the danger of carelessness, and thanking the god of healing, who encourages selfcare, both with ourselves and with others. (shrink)

Nuestra deflación espiritual ante la muerte de los otros debido a nuestro deseo intenso por negar la propia muerte constituye, más que un obstáculo insalvable, una oportunidad ética y política para pensar y construir otros discursos y prácticas normativas frente a la destructividad de la que somos capaces y a la que estamos expuestos de manera irremediable. Sin duda, las normas de aprehensión y de reconocimiento de lo humano dependen, ante todo, de nuestras disposiciones afectivas ante la muerte de los (...) otros, cuyas pérdidas juzgamos, diferencialmente, como meritorias o indignas de ser lloradas, según el valor o el desvalor que adjudicamos a sus vidas. De ahí la importancia del derecho a ser llorado como condición ética y política para la humanización de todos. Este artículo, basado en Esquilo, Sigmund Freud y Judith Butler, cuenta con tres apartados: la cuestión de la destructividad humana; vidas matables, inmerecedoras de duelo; el poder afectivo del duelo. (shrink)

Is the societal-level of analysis sufficient today to understand the values of those in the global workforce? Or are individual-level analyses more appropriate for assessing the influence of values on ethical behaviors across country workforces? Using multi-level analyses for a 48-society sample, we test the utility of both the societal-level and individual-level dimensions of collectivism and individualism values for predicting ethical behaviors of business professionals. Our values-based behavioral analysis indicates that values at the individual-level make a more significant contribution to (...) explaining variance in ethical behaviors than do values at the societal-level. Implicitly, our findings question the soundness of using societal-level values measures. Implications for international business research are discussed. (shrink)

Este texto es el resultado de un ejercicio crítico de lectura, de mi lectura de Derrida como lector de Freud. A partir del análisis que hace Derrida en su ensayo "Freud y la escena de la escritura", discuto la necesidad de radicalizar algunas de las consecuencias que se siguen de la analogía que Freud establece entre el aparato psíquico y cierta máquina de escritura. Uno de los fenómenos que se desprenden de pensar la psique como un texto es que el (...) sujeto habita incesantemente en la tensión de un entre: entre la herencia y lo porvenir. Este entre devela una temporalidad sui géneris donde los tiempos pasado, presente y futuro se mezclan y se funden. This essay is the result of a critical reading exercise, of my reading of Derrida as a reader of Freud. From Derrida's analysis in his text "Freud and the Scene of Writing", I argue the necessity of radicalizing some consequences that emerge from the analogy established by Freud between the psychic apparatus, and a certain writing machine. One of the phenomena that thinking the psyche as a text points to is that the subject relentlessly dwells in the tension of a between: between the inherited and what is to come. This between unveils a sui generis temporality where past, present and future mingle and fuse. (shrink)

Los resultados que aquí presentamos forman parte del proyecto “Riesgo de fracaso y abandono escolar en Secundaria Obligatoria. Los contextos educativos, familiares y socioculturales. Un estudio cualitativo” (Código: SEJ 2664) y tiene como objetivo analizar y comprender en Andalucía qué factores determinan que el alumnado que han estado en situación de riesgo y/o abandono en ESO retomen sus estudios y vuelvan a ingresar dentro del sistema educativo. Todo ello realizado desde la propia voz de las personas protagonistas, poniéndolas en el (...) centro de la investigación para así aproximarnos a su realidad; vivida y percibida de forma individual y particular. (shrink)

El propósito de este artículo es explorar el poder curativo que tienen el relato y la escucha psicoanalítica del trauma para recuperar la agencia que la violencia ha arrebatado. Desde la teoría freudiana del trauma, la de la sujeción de Judith Butler y la de la acción de Hannah Arendt, analizaré cómo la agencia no es un a priori pleno, sino una construcción a posteriori que se logra, retardadamente, en el discurso que se narra para un otro que escucha.

This article studies natural food packaging as enabling artifacts of the traditional material culture of Antioquia in Colombia. For this purpose, we consider artifacts as objective nodes that combine design and use intentions, functions, materials, histories, artifactual lineages, and cooperative relationships that stabilize ritualized practices of a human group. We take the example of natural packaging as artifacts that enablers and stabilizers of traditional cooking and food preparation practices. Natural packaging materials are here assumed to be leaves having some favorable (...) property to contain a food product. After providing a theoretical reflection, we analyze the data collected from fieldwork we conducted in two towns in Antioquia, Colombia (Santa Fe de Antioquia and Amagá), as well as from an interview with an expert in the field. Finally, we show that it is possible to postulate an analysis under a relational ontological description of a traditional practice with conceptual categories of the philosophy of technology. (shrink)

The fast–slow paradigm of life history focuses on how individuals grow, mate, and reproduce at different paces. This paradigm can contribute substantially to the field of personality and individual differences provided that it is more strictly based on evolutionary biology than it has been so far. Our study tested the existence of a fast–slow continuum underlying indicators of reproductive effort—offspring output, age at first reproduction, number and stability of sexual partners—in 1,043 outpatients with healthy to severely disordered personalities. Two axes (...) emerged reflecting a double-track pathway to fast strategy, based on restricted and unrestricted sociosexual strategies. When rotated, the fast–slow and sociosexuality axes turned out to be independent. Contrary to expectations, neither somatic effort—investment in status, material resources, social capital, and maintenance/survival—was aligned with reproductive effort, nor a clear tradeoff between current and future reproduction was evident. Finally, we examined the association of LH axes with seven high-order personality pathology traits: negative emotionality, impulsivity, antagonism, persistence-compulsivity, subordination, and psychoticism. Persistent and disinhibited subjects appeared as fast-restricted and fast-unrestricted strategists, respectively, whereas asocial subjects were slow strategists. Associations of LH traits with each other and with personality are far more complex than usually assumed in evolutionary psychology. (shrink)

Vulnerability, understood as a negative aspect of criminalization under immune considerations, constitutes itself as a creative and transformative force that makes it possible to think about a life in common sustained through care and affirmative protection of life. The development of this idea requires three specific stages: in the first, it is described the current democracy as a government technique whose management depends on vulnerable populations; in the second, it is reviewed criminalization as a specific form of immune control; and (...) finally, it is recognized vulnerability as the basis of a new way of democratic life, departing from the attention of certain social groups that have been criminalized due to their precariousness. (shrink)

La infamia constituye el modelo ideal de castigo actual, ya que marca el cuerpo real y simbólico de ciertos sujetos, sin ninguna mediación institucional: los individuos y los grupos sociales se arrogan el derecho a imputar, juzgar y castigar. De manera que existen instituciones formales y, además, ciertos colectivos informales que neutralizan, excluyen, matan y encierran real y simbólicamente, ejerciendo un poder para-judicial y para-penal. En palabras más precisas, hay una penalidad que no pasa necesariamente por el poder judicial ni (...) el proceso legal, sino por el tribunal social y psicológico efectuado por algunos agentes de control social informal. La realidad evidencia la absorción progresiva del proceso judicial en el juicio colectivo, sin ninguna garantía ni código distinto a la mirada, el murmullo social y el juicio instantáneo. La sociedad se transforma así en un tribunal permanente que odia, etiqueta y castiga, y cuya inmediatez, espontaneidad y anonimato reaviva la infamia de los viejos sistemas de la penalidad medieval, así como la devastadora marcación totalitaria. (shrink)

La memoria es el principio de la justicia que permite destruir el vínculo entre el poder y la violencia que funda y mantiene el orden del derecho. La justicia de la memoria es, en efecto, una fuerza revolucionaria que anuncia el sufrimiento de los oprimidos, de los vencidos, de los sojuzgados de la historia; es una especie de antihistoria que se rebela ante el poder que somete la vida natural a un estado de excepción permanente; es una justa apelación a (...) la justicia más allá del derecho que permite instaurar un nuevo orden fundado en la vida como potencia y como vida justa. (shrink)

This article explores the complex bond between human life and the force of law from the contributions made by Michel Foucault and Giorgio Agamben. Both authors realize the transit of the legal system from sovereign power —which brings death by spilling the blood of men as a symbol of the naked life— to the analytics of biopower —which grants life but lets the race die—. However, Agamben goes further and proves the way contemporary biopower, closely linked to sovereign right, reduces (...) human life to the mere idea of biological life producing survivors. (shrink)

Several studies have been conducted on ethical leadership and workplace ethical behavior but little is known about the role of organizational justice and each of its dimensions in this relationship. This study predicts that ethical leadership enhances organizational justice perceptions, including each of its specific dimensions, which in turn enhances employee ethical behavior. The results from two-wave survey data obtained from 270 employees in the Malaysian manufacturing industry confirm that ethical leadership has a positive impact on employee ethical behavior, and (...) that organizational justice and each of its justice dimensions mediate this relationship, both individually and together. Importantly, interpersonal and informational dimensions show the strongest mediation effects. This paper highlights the actions and strategies that can help managers to effectively elevate the moral tone in their organizations. In particular, our findings show where managers must put more emphasis to foster an ethical workplace: on providing fair treatment and honest information. (shrink)

Audiovisual communication is greatly contributing to the emerging research field of affective computing. The use of audiovisual stimuli within immersive virtual reality environments is providing very intense emotional reactions, which provoke spontaneous physical and physiological changes that can be assimilated into real responses. In order to ensure high-quality recognition, the artificial intelligence system must be trained with adequate data sets, including not only those gathered by smart sensors but also the tags related to the elicited emotion. Currently, there are very (...) few techniques available for the labeling of emotions. Among them, the Self-Assessment Manikin devised by Lang is one of the most popular. This study shows experimentally that the graphic proposal for the original SAM labelling system, as devised by Lang, is not neutral to gender and contains gender biases in its design and representation. Therefore, a new graphic design has been proposed and tested according to the guidelines of expert judges. The results of the experiment show an overall improvement in the labeling of emotions in the pleasure–arousal–dominance affective space, particularly, for women. This research proves the relevance of applying the gender perspective in the validation of tools used throughout the years. (shrink)

This article provides current Schwartz Values Survey (SVS) data from samples of business managers and professionals across 50 societies that are culturally and socioeconomically diverse. We report the society scores for SVS values dimensions for both individual- and societal-level analyses. At the individual-level, we report on the ten circumplex values sub-dimensions and two sets of values dimensions (collectivism and individualism; openness to change, conservation, self-enhancement, and self-transcendence). At the societal-level, we report on the values dimensions of embeddedness, hierarchy, mastery, affective (...) autonomy, intellectual autonomy, egalitarianism, and harmony. For each society, we report the Cronbach’s α statistics for each values dimension scale to assess their internal consistency (reliability) as well as report interrater agreement (IRA) analyses to assess the acceptability of using aggregated individual level values scores to represent country values. We also examined whether societal development level is related to systematic variation in the measurement and importance of values. Thus, the contributions of our evaluation of the SVS values dimensions are two-fold. First, we identify the SVS dimensions that have cross-culturally internally reliable structures and within-society agreement for business professionals. Second, we report the society cultural values scores developed from the twenty-first century data that can be used as macro-level predictors in multilevel and single-level international business research. (shrink)

Aims: Attentional bias, alcohol craving, and anxiety have important implications in the development and maintenance of alcohol use disorder. The current study aims to test the effectiveness of a Virtual Reality Cue-Exposure Therapy to reduce levels of alcohol craving and anxiety and prompt changes in AB toward alcohol content.Method: A 49-year-old male participated in this study, diagnosed with severe AUD, who also used tobacco and illicit substances on an occasional basis and who made several failed attempts to cease substance misuse. (...) The protocol consisted of six VR-CET booster sessions and two assessment sessions over the course of 5 weeks. The VR-CET program consisted of booster therapy sessions based on virtual reality exposure to preferred alcohol-related cues and contexts. The initial and final assessment sessions were focused on exploring AB, alcohol craving, and anxiety using paper-and-pencil instruments and the eye-tracking and VR technologies at different time points.Results: Pre and post assessment sessions indicated falls on the scores of all instruments assessing alcohol craving, anxiety, and AB.Conclusions: This case report, part of a larger project, demonstrates the effectiveness of the VR-CET booster sessions in AUD. In the post-treatment measurements, a variety of instruments showed a change in the AB pattern and an improvement in craving and anxiety responses. As a result of the systematic desensitization, virtual exposure gradually reduced the responses to significant alcohol-related cues and contexts. The implications for AB, anxiety and craving are discussed. (shrink)

Self-determination theory considers motivation as a multidimensional phenomenon, with different levels of intensity, purposes, intentions, wills and autonomies. It distinguishes between intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation and amotivation. In this paper, we are going to focus on extrinsic motivation, which is related to those tasks that the subject performs without having a purpose in themselves, and which is composed of identified regulation, introjected regulation and external regulation. The aim of this research is to analyse the relationship between them and emotional intelligence (...) in 165 students with university degrees related to Physical Activity and Sport Sciences. The main findings of this work lie mainly in the demonstration of the fact that emotional intelligence is a predictor of identified regulation, introjected regulation and external regulation. (shrink)

Dulce Chacón Gutiérrez ha sido una mujer que con su vida y obra ha dado testimonio de su valor como ser humano; vivió al servicio de la familia, los amigos y la creación literaria. Nació en Zafra, Badajoz, en 1954 y murió en su casa de Madrid, el 3 de diciembre de 2003, a los 49 años de edad, víctima de un cáncer fulminante que se la llevó en un mes. Estaba casada y tenía tres hijos.

Reactualizando una disciplina relativamente descuidada en nuestro medio como lo es la Filosofía del Derecho, el libro La violencia del derecho y la nuda vida estudia la compleja relación entre la violencia jurídica y la vida, e indaga por las condiciones a las que se puede reducir la vida humana cuando el ejercicio del poder se vale del control de la vida misma. En este marco general, el libro desarrolla la ruta trazada por Walter Benjamin en su famoso ensayo Para (...) una crítica de la violencia (1921), al establecer la indisoluble imbricación entre derecho y violencia en la que la segunda le ofrece a la primera su fundamentación. Con este presupuesto, el libro se orienta en primer lugar a desmentir la opinión corriente según la cual el derecho es justicia, para movilizar en su lugar otro fundamento según el cual el derecho es fuerza, poder o violencia, nociones que a efectos de la argumentación resultan sinónimas. En apoyo de esta tesis, la autora reconstruye dos tradiciones de la Filosofía del Derecho como son las doctrinas del derecho natural principalmente en San Agustín y en Santo Tomás de Aquino, y la tradición del derecho positivo cuyo origen losó co se remonta a las obras de Pascal, Hobbes y Spinoza. (shrink)

Resumen En esta discusión expongo algunas objeciones a las siguientes tesis de Velázquez 2020: 1) que tanto Descartes como Frege sostienen que las entidades aritméticas son irreductibles a procesos empíricos; 2) que, en el caso de Descartes, dichas entidades son “perennes, inherentes a la propia constitución y funcionamiento de la mente” y 3) que Frege impugnó la filosofía matemática de Mill por psicologista. Sostengo que la segunda tesis no es, per se, controversial, pero que sí lo es en el contexto (...) del artículo de Velázquez.In this discussion I present objections to the following theses in Velázquez 2020: 1) that both Descartes and Frege maintain that arithmetic entities are irreducible to empirical processes; 2) that, in the case of Descartes, these entities are “perennial, inherent to the very constitution and functioning of the mind”, and 3) that Frege contested Mill’s mathematical philosophy for being psychologistic. I argue that the second thesis is not, per se, controversial, but that it is controversial in the context of Velázquez’s article. (shrink)

RESUMEN Partiendo de algunas experiencias del presente, se retoma la interpretación nietzs cheana del resentimiento para explorar la complejidad y ambivalencia del fenómeno e iluminar cuestiones actuales. Así, se vinculan dos tendencias y sus implicaciones: cómo el resentimiento genera la fijación de una identidad amenazadora que lleva a la estigmatización de un otro, a la vez como una forma de rechazo de la contingencia histórica; y cómo el vínculo del resentimiento con la temporalidad, en particular con un tipo de memoria, (...) produce una incapacidad para asumirla creadoramente. Esta reflexión deja abiertas preguntas sobre cómo los cuerpos afectados por el resen timiento pueden revertirlo y dar lugar a formas más vitales de relación con el mundo. ABSTRACT On the basis of selected experiences from the present, the article revisits the Nietzschean interpretation of resentment in order to explore the complexity and ambivalence of the phenomenon and shed light on current issues. To that effect, it connects two tendencies and their implications: the manner in which resentment generates the fixation of a threatening identity that leads to the stigmatization of an other, which, at the same time, involves a rejection of historical contingency; and the manner in which the link between resentment and temporality, in particular with a type of memory, produces an incapacity to assume it creatively. This reflec tion leaves questions open regarding how bodies affected by resentment can twist it around and give rise to more vital forms of relating to the world. (shrink)

Reseña de libro: Pensar tras Derrida de Miriam Jerade y Rosaura Martínez Ruiz (comps.), Akal (Colección Akadémica), Ciudad de México, 2022, 328 pp.

En este artículo analizo la interpretación de Hegel de la filosofía política platónica (particularmente la República) en determinados pasajes de dos obras puntuales: los Fundamentos de la filosofía del derecho y las Lecciones sobre Platón. Considero dos ejes específicos de análisis: la propiedad privada y la libertad subjetiva. El objetivo del artículo es señalar la relación que Hegel establece con Platón o, al menos, con República. Muestro que, en realidad, en este diálogo existen ciertos matices con respecto a los dos (...) ejes mencionados; estos matices implican diferencias de análisis respecto de la lectura hegeliana. (shrink)

Ideal theory in social and political philosophy generally works to hide philosophical theories’ complicity in sustaining the structural violence and maintenance of white supremacy that are foundational to settler colonial societies. While non-ideal theory can provide a corrective to some of ideal theory’s intended omissions, it can also work to conceal the same systems of violence that ideal theory does, especially when framed primarily as a response to ideal theory. This article takes a decolonial approach to exploring the limitations of (...) non-ideal theory in its ability to respond to and redress the continuing harms done to Indigenous peoples by settler colonialism, including by outlining non-ideal theory’s relationship to a colonial politics of recognition. (shrink)

Resumen Este artículo muestra que la pintura de Tiziano contiene en el fondo un esquema dialéctico de tensión entre elementos opuestos: jovial/trágico, clásico/cristiano, puñal/refugio. Esta tensión alimenta la intersección de estructuras significativas que caracteriza a toda obra de arte. Esta dialéctica explica el sentido último que tiene la pintura para Tiziano. Centramos esta dialéctica en la obra Desollamiento de Marsias, obra que enseña que la pintura, el arte en general, para Tiziano abre heridas, es un puñal, pero también es un (...) abrigo donde el que refugiarnos del horror del mundo. Abstract This article shows that Titian's painting contains at its core a dialectical scheme of tension between opposing elements: jovial/tragic, classical/christian, dagger/refuge. This tension feeds the intersection of meaningful structures that characterize every work of art. This dialectic explains the ultimate meaning of painting for Titian. We focus this dialectic on the work The Flaying of Marsyas, a work that teaches that painting, art in general, for Titian opens wounds, it is a dagger, but it is also a shelter in which to take refuge from the horror of the world. (shrink)

Rationale, aims and objectives Given the increasing prevalence of cataract and demand for cataract extraction surgery, patients must often wait to undergo this procedure. We validated a previously developed priority scoring system in terms of clinical variables, pre-intervention health status, appropriateness of surgery and gain in visual acuity (VA) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL).Methods Explicit prioritization criteria for cataract extraction created by a variation of the Research and Development (RAND) and University of California Los Angeles appropriateness methodology were retrospectively (...) applied to a prospective cohort of 5257 patients on waiting lists to undergo cataract by phacoemulsification at 17 hospitals in Spain. Demographic data, clinical data and data related to surgical technique were collected by trained ophthalmologists. Patients were evaluated by their ophthalmologist before the intervention and 6 weeks afterward. They also completed, by mail, the Visual Function Index (VF-14) before the intervention and 3 months afterward.Results High-priority patients experienced greater improvement in VA and HRQoL than those classified as intermediate or low-priority (P < 0.0001), even after adjusting by VA and the VF-14 score at baseline. The time to intervention was the same for high-priority patients as it was for intermediate and low-priority patients.Conclusions The priority score we developed identified patients most likely to experience the greatest improvements from cataract extraction. Use of this tool could provide a fairer and more rational way to prioritize patients for cataract extraction. (shrink)

One way to track the many critical impacts of women of color feminisms is through the powerful structural analyses of gendered and racialized oppression they offer. This article discusses diverse lineages of women of color feminisms in the global South that tackle systemic structures of power and domination from their situated perspectives. It offers an introduction to structuralist theories in the humanities and differentiates them from women of color feminist theorizing, which begins analyses of structures from embodied and phenomenological st¬¬andpoints--with (...) the day-to-day concerns of our lives. The essay is divided into three sections. In section one, I discuss theories of structure in the humanities and sciences, differentiating them from women of color’s analysis of structure as diagnostic of the ways colonial power relations are functionalized through social structures. In section two, I discuss the diverse contexts of interpretation that background women of color feminisms, outlining key themes and ideas related to theories of structure. I argue against a unified theory of women of color structural feminisms that supplants difference, favoring a rehabilitated concept of structure for the purposes of making targeted interventions in contemporary radical anti-colonial politics. I offer the example of systematic marginalization produced by colonial violence and mythology as one reason to take up this approach. In section three, I outline four provisional characteristics of women of color structural feminisms. I conclude that, when divested from colonial myths that guide mainstream notions of structure, it can be a useful hermeneutic tactic in the fight for liberation from ongoing colonial violence. (shrink)