Results for 'Sheredos Benjamin'

961 found
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  1.  87
    Imagining Mechanisms with Diagrams.Benjamin Sheredos & William Bechtel - 2019 - In Arnon Levy & Peter Godfrey-Smith (eds.), The Scientific Imagination. New York, US: Oup Usa.
    Some proponents of mechanistic explanation downplay the significance of how-possibly explanations. We argue that developing accounts of mechanisms that could explain a phenomenon is an important aspect of scientific reasoning, one that involves imagination. Although appeals to imagination may seem to obscure the process of reasoning, we illustrate how, by examining diagrams we can gain insights into the construction of mechanistic explanations.
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  2. (1 other version)Re-reconciling the Epistemic and Ontic Views of Explanation.Benjamin Sheredos - 2016 - Erkenntnis 81 (5):919-949.
    Recent attempts to reconcile the ontic and epistemic approaches to explanation propose that our best explanations simply fulfill epistemic and ontic norms simultaneously. I aim to upset this armistice. Epistemic norms of attaining general and systematic explanations are, I argue, autonomous of ontic norms: they cannot be fulfilled simultaneously or in simple conjunction with ontic norms, and plausibly have priority over them. One result is that central arguments put forth by ontic theorists against epistemic theorists are revealed as not only (...)
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  3. Why do biologists use so many diagrams?Benjamin Sheredos, Daniel Burnston, Adele Abrahamsen & William Bechtel - 2013 - Philosophy of Science 80 (5):931-944.
    Diagrams have distinctive characteristics that make them an effective medium for communicating research findings, but they are even more impressive as tools for scientific reasoning. Focusing on circadian rhythm research in biology to explore these roles, we examine diagrammatic formats that have been devised to identify and illuminate circadian phenomena and to develop and modify mechanistic explanations of these phenomena.
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  4.  21
    Motivating Emotional Content.Benjamin Sheredos - unknown
    Among philosophers of the emotions, it is common to view emotional content as purely descriptive – that is, belief-like or perception-like. I argue that this is a mistake. The intentionality of the emotions cannot be understood in isolation from their motivational character, and emotional content is also inherently directive – that is, desire-like. This view’s strength is its ability to explain a class of emotional behaviors that I argue, the common view fails to explain adequately. I claim that it is (...)
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  5. Reductio ad bacterium: the ubiquity of Bayesian "brains" and the goals of cognitive science.Benjamin Sheredos - 2012 - Frontiers in Psychology 3.
     
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  6.  72
    Embodied delusions and intentionality.Benjamin Sheredos - unknown
    Derek Bolton has claimed that extant philosophical theories of mind imply accounts of mental disorder, via their accounts of intentionality. The purpose of this paper is to extend Bolton’s claims, by exploring what an embodied/situated theory of mind might imply about mental disorder. I argue that, unlike the more traditional views Bolton considers, embodied/situated accounts can (in principle) provide an observer-independent criterion for distinguishing mental health from disorder in cases of Capgras and Cotard delusions.
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  7.  70
    Act Psychology and Phenomenology: Husserl on Egoic Acts.Benjamin Sheredos - 2017 - Husserl Studies 33 (3):191-209.
    Husserl famously retracted his early portrayal, in Logische Untersuchungen, of phenomenology as empirical psychology. Previous scholarship has typically understood this transcendental turn in light of the Ideen’s revised conception of the ἐποχή, and its distinction between noesa and noemata. This essay thematizes the evolution of the concept of mental acts in Husserl’s work as a way of understanding the shift. I show how the recognition of the pure ego in Ideen I and II enabled Husserl to radically alter his conception (...)
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  8.  73
    Act and Intentionality.Benjamin Sheredos - 2016 - Dissertation, University of California, San Diego
    Understanding the “intentionality” of mental phenomena is widely regarded as a key problem in philosophy of mind. Franz Brentano (along with his students, especially Edmund Husserl) is widely credited with bringing intentionality to philosophers’ attention. In early treatment by the Brentano school, intentionality is at least nominally understood as executed, brought about, or achieved in mental acts. And in the early 20th century, historians of psychology regarded this “act conception” of intentionality as integral for understanding the phenomenon. Yet the secondary (...)
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  9. Brentano's Act Psychology Was not Aristotelian (or Else, not Empirical).Benjamin Sheredos - 2016 - Brentano Studien 14:157-189.
  10.  20
    Constructing diagrams to understand phenomena and mechanisms.Benjamin Sheredos & William Bechtel - manuscript
    Biologists often hypothesize mechanisms to explai phenomena. Our interest is how their understanding of the phenomena and mechanisms develops as they construct diagrams to communicate their claims. We present two case studies in which scientists integrate various data to create a single diagram to communicate their major conclusions in a research publication. In both cases, the history of revisions suggests that scientists' initial drafts encode biases and oversights that are only gradually overcome through prolonged, reflective re-design. To account for this, (...)
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  11. Merleau-Ponty’s implicit critique of the new mechanists.Benjamin Sheredos - 2018 - Synthese (Suppl 9):1-25.
    I argue (1) that what (ontic) New Mechanistic philosophers of science call mechanisms would be material Gestalten, and (2) that Merleau-Ponty’s engagement with Gestalt theory can help us frame a standing challenge against ontic conceptions of mechanisms. In short, until the (ontic) New Mechanist can provide us with a plausible account of the organization of mechanisms as an objective feature of mind-independent ontic structures in the world which we might discover – and no ontic Mechanist has done so – it (...)
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  12.  40
    Communicating with scientific graphics: a descriptive inquiry into non-ideal normativity.Benjamin Sheredos - 2017 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 63:32-44.
    Scientists’ graphical practices have recently become a target of inquiry in the philosophy of science, and in the cognitive sciences. Here I supplement our understanding of graphical practices via a case study of how researchers crafted the graphics for scientific publication in the field of circadian biology. The case highlights social aspects of graphical production which have gone understudied e especially concerning the negotiation of publication. I argue that it also supports a challenge to the claim that empirically-informed “cognitive design (...)
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  13.  83
    Scientists’ use of diagrams in developing mechanistic explanations: A case study from chronobiology.Daniel C. Burnston, Benjamin Sheredos, Adele Abrahamsen & William Bechtel - 2014 - Pragmatics and Cognition 22 (2):224-243.
    We explore the crucial role of diagrams in scientific reasoning, especially reasoning directed at developing mechanistic explanations of biological phenomena. We offer a case study focusing on one research project that resulted in a published paper advancing a new understanding of the mechanism by which the central circadian oscillator in Synechococcus elongatus controls gene expression. By examining how the diagrams prepared for the paper developed over the course of multiple drafts, we show how the process of generating a new explanation (...)
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  14. HIT on the Psychometric Approach.William Bechtel & Benjamin Sheredos - 2011 - Psychological Inquiry 22 (2):108-114.
    Traditionally, identity and supervenience have been proposed in philosophy of mind as metaphysical accounts of how mental activities (fully understood, as they might be at the end of science) relate to brain processes. Kievet et al. suggest that to be relevant to cognitive neuroscience, these philosophical positions must make empirically testable claims and be evaluated accordingly – they cannot sit on the sidelines, awaiting the hypothetical completion of cognitive neuroscience. We agree with the authors on the importance of rendering these (...)
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  15.  42
    Sketching Biological Phenomena and Mechanisms.Sheredos Benjamin & Bechtel William - 2017 - Topics in Cognitive Science 9 (4):970-985.
    In many fields of biology, both the phenomena to be explained and the mechanisms proposed to explain them are commonly presented in diagrams. Our interest is in how scientists construct such diagrams. Researchers begin with evidence, typically developed experimentally and presented in data graphs. To arrive at a robust diagram of the phenomenon or the mechanism, they must integrate a variety of data to construct a single, coherent representation. This process often begins as the researchers create a first sketch, and (...)
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  16. Merleau-Ponty’s Immanent Critique of Gestalt Theory.Sheredos Benjamin - 2017 - Human Studies 40 (2):191-215.
    Merleau-Ponty’s appropriation of Gestalt theory in The Structure of Behavior is central to his entire corpus. Yet commentators exhibit little agreement about what lesson is to be learned from his critique, and provide little exegesis of how his argument proceeds. I fill this exegetical gap. I show that the Gestaltist’s fundamental error is to reify forms as transcendent realities, rather than treating them as phenomena of perceptual consciousness. From this, reductivist errors follow. The essay serves not only as a helpful (...)
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  17. Conscious subjective experience vs. unconscious mental functions: A theory of the cerebral processes involved.Benjamin W. Libet - 1989 - In Rodney M. J. Cotterill (ed.), Models of Brain Function. Cambridge University Press.
  18. Subjective referral of the timing for a cognitive sensory experience.Benjamin W. Libet, Feinstein E. W. & Pearl B. - 1979 - Brain 102:193-224.
  19. (1 other version)The Volitional Brain: Towards a Neuroscience of Free Will.Benjamin Libet, Anthony Freeman & Keith Sutherland - 1999 - Imprint Academic.
    It is widely accepted in science that the universe is a closed deterministic system in which everything can, ultimately, be explained by purely physical...
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  20.  17
    Of Jews and animals.Andrew Benjamin - unknown
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  21. Stakeholder Multiplicity: Toward an Understanding of the Interactions between Stakeholders.Benjamin A. Neville & Bulent Menguc - 2006 - Journal of Business Ethics 66 (4):377-391.
    While stakeholder theory has traditionally considered organization’s interactions with stakeholders in terms of independent, dyadic relationships, recent scholarship has pointed to the fact that organizations exist within a complex network of intertwining relationships [e.g., Rowley, T. J.: 1997, The Academy of Management Review 22(4), 887–910]. However, further theoretical and empirical development of the interactions between stakeholders has been lacking. In this paper, we develop a framework for understanding and measuring the effects upon the organization of competing, complementary and cooperative stakeholder (...)
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  22. Taxation: Voluntary or compulsory?Benjamin R. Tucker - unknown
    Read Jus, 17 June 1887): The voluntary taxation proposal really means the dissolution of the State into its constituent atoms, and leaving them to recombine in some way or no way, just as it may happen. There would be nothing to prevent the existence of five or six "States" in England, and members of all these "States" might be living in the same house! The proposal is, it appears to me, the outcome of an idea in the minds of those (...)
     
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  23. No conscientious objection without normative justification: Against conscientious objection in medicine.Benjamin Zolf - 2018 - Bioethics 33 (1):146-153.
    Most proponents of conscientious objection accommodation in medicine acknowledge that not all conscientious beliefs can justify refusing service to a patient. Accordingly, they admit that constraints must be placed on the practice of conscientious objection. I argue that one such constraint must be an assessment of the reasonability of the conscientious claim in question, and that this requires normative justification of the claim. Some advocates of conscientious object protest that, since conscientious claims are a manifestation of personal beliefs, they cannot (...)
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  24. Atomism and Fundamentality.Benjamin Schnieder - 2020 - Erkenntnis 85 (3):551-574.
    The paper focusses on two claims about metaphysical structure: Atomism and Fundamentalism. The first of these claims says that there are mereological atoms, i.e. minimal elements in the mereological structure of reality. The second says that there are fundamental truths, i.e. minimal elements in the grounding structure of reality. A philosopher who defended both of these claims was Bernard Bolzano; the present paper is an exploration of his views on the matter.
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  25.  54
    Ethics in the Anthropocene: Moral Responses to the Climate Crisis.Benjamin S. Lowe - 2019 - Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 32 (3):479-485.
    This review essay looks at Andrew Brei’s edited volume, Ecology, ethics and hope, Candis Callison’s How climate change comes to matter: The communal life of facts, Randall Curren and Ellen Metzger’s Living well now and in the future: Why sustainability matters, Willis Jenkins’ The future of ethics: Sustainability, social justice, and religious creativity, and Byron Williston’s The Anthropocene project: Virtue in the age of climate change. These recent works highlight various normative approaches for engaging with what is often referred to (...)
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  26.  65
    Das Meisterargument in Platons Euthyphron.Benjamin Schnieder - 2015 - History of Philosophy & Logical Analysis 18 (1):227-254.
    In Plato’s Euthyphro, Euthyphro proposes to analyse the pious as that which is beloved of the gods. In the most widely discussed argument of the dialogue, Socrates tries to show that Euthyphro’s analysis fails. The argument crucially involves an ingenious use of the explanatory connective ‘because’. This paper presents a detailed reconstruction and defence of the argument. It starts with a rigorous analysis of its logical form, explains and justifies its premises, and closes with a defence of the argument against (...)
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  27. Deciding to Trust.Benjamin McMyler - 2017 - In Paul Faulkner & Thomas Simpson (eds.), The Philosophy of Trust. Oxford, GB: Oxford University Press. pp. 161-176.
    In this paper I argue that even if one accepts non-cognitivism about trust, the view that trust is not a species of and does not require belief, one should reject voluntarism about trust, the view that we can trust directly at will. There is good reason to think that we cannot trust directly at will, in the way that we can act, and this is so regardless of whether trust requires belief.
     
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  28.  8
    Humanity against itself: the retreat from reason.Benjamin Kovitz - 2008 - Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus Books.
    Human nature -- On mental disorder -- The meaning of anxiety -- To someone considering psychotherapy -- The sinner in the saint -- Our incoherent world -- The contribution of science -- Making sense of experience -- On reason and religion -- The world of religion -- A note on the aesthetic -- Where are we headed?
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  29.  23
    Franz Rosenzweig.Benjamin Pollock - 2010 - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
  30.  36
    Representing non-citizens: a proposal for the inclusion of all affected interests.Benjamin Boudou - 2022 - Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy (5):747-768.
    This article defends the normative relevance of the representation of non-citizens in democracies. I argue that representation within nation-states constitutes a realistic institutionalisation of the All-Affected Principle, allowing justificatory practices towards non-citizens and establishing political institutions that can realise the ideal of inclusion of all externally affected individuals. I defend electoral, non-electoral and surrogate forms of representation of affected interests that satisfy both the cosmopolitan concern for the equal consideration of interests and the statist defence of the importance of a (...)
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  31.  44
    Populism and Global Justice: A Sibling Rivalry?Benjamin McKean - 2020 - Global Justice : Theory Practice Rhetoric 12 (2):1-26.
    As academic literatures and political demands, global justice and populism look like competing ways of diagnosing and addressing neoliberal inequality. But both misunderstand neoliberalism and consequently risk reinforcing rather than undermining it. Neoliberalism does not just break down political and social hierarchies, but also relies on and sustains them. Unless populists recognize this, they will find that assertions of sovereignty do more to reinforce neoliberalism and reproduce its hierarchies than to resist them. Recognizing neoliberalism as not simply corrosive of solidarity (...)
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  32.  25
    International Political Economy: An Intellectual History.Benjamin J. Cohen - 2008 - Princeton University Press.
    It is erudite, broad-ranging, respectful of the actors involved, sympathetic, and nuanced. This is the first book of its kind."--Ronen Palan, University of Birmingham "I thoroughly enjoyed reading this book.
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  33.  22
    Falsification and Demarcation in Astronomy and Cosmology.Benjamin Sovacool - 2005 - Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society 25 (1):53-62.
    This work inaugurates a critical inquiry into whether the ideas of Karl Popper, a philosopher of science, are used by astronomers and astrophysicists, a practicing community of scientists. It examines four basic components of Karl Popper's philosophy— falsification, prohibition, simplicity, and risk taking— and the extent that these themes become integrated into recent scientific literature on astronomy, astrophysics, cosmology, and stellar evolutionary theory. It concludes that the philosophy of science is highly relevant to the practice of astronomy, and that Karl (...)
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  34.  30
    Why be regular? Part II.Benjamin Feintzeig & James Owen Weatherall - 2019 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 65 (C):133-144.
  35. After postmodernism.Andrew Benjamin - 2001 - The Philosophers' Magazine 13:2.
  36. Austerity, compassion and the rule of law.Benjamin C. Zipursky - 2020 - In Amalia Amaya & Maksymilian Del Mar (eds.), Virtue, Emotion and Imagination in Law and Legal Reasoning. Chicago: Hart Publishing.
     
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  37.  14
    Kierkegaard's socratic art.Benjamin Daise - 1999 - Macon, Ga.: Mercer University Press.
    Based on the definitive English edition of Kierkegaard's works by Princeton University Press, this series of commentaries addresses all the published texts of ...
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  38.  5
    A moral philosophy for management.Benjamin Morris Selekman - 1959 - New York,: McGraw-Hill.
    Discussion of the need for moral guidelines in business; suggestions for communication in the workplace.
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  39.  65
    Reasoning in Physics (ed.).Benjamin Eva & Stephan Hartmann - 2020 - Synthese (Suppl 16):1-5.
    The way in which philosophers have thought about the scientific method and the nature of good scientific reasoning over the last few centuries has been consistently and heavily influenced by the examples set by physics. The astounding achievements of 19th and 20th century physics demonstrated that physicists had successfully identified methodologies and reasoning patterns that were uniquely well suited to discovering fundamental truths about the natural world. Inspired by this success, generations of philosophers set themselves the goal of taxonomising, codifying, (...)
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  40.  49
    Multiplicity: A New Reading of Sartrean Bad Faith.Benjamin K. Elwyn - 2012 - British Journal for the History of Philosophy 20 (3):601-618.
    In this article I introduce a new reading of Jean-Paul Sartre's account of bad faith. The reading contrasts with previous accounts by denying that states of bad faith are exhausted by attitudes towards transcendence and facticity. Instead, I argue that bad faith can involve attitudes to many other aspects of the human being. I also respond to an argument which claims that affirmations of freedom are inconsistent with the motivations behind bad faith. The inconsistency is here resolved by demonstrating how (...)
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  41. La impureza de los universales.Benjamín Arditi - 1997 - Revista Internacional de Filosofía Política 10:46-69.
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  42. Phantasie und Geschlecht. Stroemfeld.Jessica Benjamin - forthcoming - Nexus.
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  43. The illusion of the future.Andrew Benjamin - unknown
     
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  44.  21
    Pluriverse: an essay in the philosophy of pluralism.Benjamin Paul Blood - 1976 - New York: Arno Press.
    INTRODUCTION WHEN, in As You Like it, Shakespeare makes Touchstone ask William, "Hast any philosophy in thee, Shepherd?" the thing that Touchstone means is ...
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  45.  2
    Competence-based assessment and training for ethical situations in practice: a pilot study.Benjamin M. Ogles, Kristin Lang Hansen & David M. Erekson - 2024 - Ethics and Behavior 34 (7):473-490.
    In this pilot study, deliberate practice and competence-based assessment were incorporated into a first-year graduate course on professional issues and ethics. Students responded to challenging simulations of basic ethical situations in therapy before and after the course. Aspects of deliberate practice were incorporated into the course. Student self-report ratings and independent performance ratings blind to timing found improvements in students’ ability to manage basic ethical situations in practice. Pilot evidence suggests competence-based assessment and training have potential use for training students (...)
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  46. Comparative philosophy. A look at Harmony and Unity as common principles in the Confucian system and the Bahá'í faith.Benjamin B. Olshin - 2018 - In Mikhail Sergeev (ed.), Studies in Bahá'í philosophy: selected articles. Boston: M-Graphics Publishing.
     
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  47.  9
    Zur Neufassung der Differenz von Lebenswelt, Alltagswelt und Alltäglichem Leben in der Wissenschaft: Eine phänomenologische Weiterentwicklung des Lebensweltbegriffes im Anschluss an Richard Grathoff.Benjamin Stuck - 2024 - Studia Phaenomenologica 24:181-204.
    To establish phenomenologically whether there is an everyday dimen­sion within the “sub-world” of science, this paper builds on Richard Grathoff’s conceptual differentiation between “lifeworld” (Lebenswelt), “everyday world” (Alltagswelt), and “daily life” (Alltägliches Leben). Such a clarification is necessary because the notion of “lifeworld” in Husserl’s or Schutz’ oeuvre is ambiguous. It means both a universal ground and an everyday world. According to Grathoff, the lifeworld is a set of general and structural dimensions of sense that relate subjectivity and world-structure and (...)
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  48. Social Evolution. Paru en 1892 : nous en avons rendu compte en son temps.Benjamin Kidd - 1920 - Revue de Métaphysique et de Morale 27 (4):6-6.
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  49.  29
    The Women are Up to Something.Benjamin J. Bruxvoort Lipscomb - 2020 - Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 87:7-30.
    In this essay, I offer an interpretation of the ethical thought of Elizabeth Anscombe, Philippa Foot, Mary Midgley, and Iris Murdoch. The combined effect of their work was to revive a naturalistic account of ethical objectivity that had dominated the premodern world. I proceed narratively, explaining how each of the four came to make the contribution she did towards this implicit common project: in particular how these women came to see philosophical possibilities that their male contemporaries mostly did not.
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  50. Žižek's reading machine.Benjamin Noys - 2015 - In Agon Hamza (ed.), Repeating Žižek. London: Duke University Press.
     
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