In a congested large-scale subway network, the distribution of passenger flow in space-time dimension is very complex. Accurate estimation of passenger path choice is very important to understand the passenger flow distribution and even improve the operation service level. The availability of automated fare collection data, timetable, and network topology data opens up a new opportunity to study this topic based on multisource data. A probability model is proposed in this study to calculate the individual passenger’s path choice with multisource (...) data, in which the impact of the network time-varying state on passenger path choice is fully considered. First, according to the number and characteristics of OD candidate paths, the AFC data among special kinds of OD are selected to estimate the distribution of passengers’ walking time and waiting time of each platform. Then, based on the composition of path travel time, its real-time probability distribution is formulated with the distribution of walking time, waiting time, and in-vehicle time as parameters. Finally, a membership function is introduced to evaluate the dependence between passenger’s travel time and the real-time travel time distribution of each candidate path and take the path with the largest membership degree as passenger’s choice. Finally, a case study with Beijing Subway data is applied to verify the effectiveness of the model presented in this study. We have compared and analysed the path calculation results in which the time-varying characteristics of network state are considered or not. The results indicate that a passenger’s path choice behavior is affected by the network time-varying state, and our model can quantify the time-varying state and its impact on passenger path choice. (shrink)

Individual health savings accounts are an important part of the current basic medical insurance system for urban workers in China. Since 1998 when the system of personal medical insurance accounts was first implemented, there has been considerable controversy over its function and significance within different social communities. This paper analyzes the main problems in the practical implementation of individual medical insurance accounts and discusses the social and cultural foundations for the establishment of family health savings accounts from the perspective of (...) Chinese Confucian familism. Accordingly, it addresses the direction of the reform and the development of the current system of individual health insurance accounts in China. (shrink)

As an important part of entrepreneurial environment, Culture directly or indirectly affects individual entrepreneurial intention. Taking young students as the survey object, this paper uses empirical research methods to explore the relationship between Confucian filial piety culture and Chinese youth’s entrepreneurial intention. The results show that there is a positive correlation between Confucian filial piety culture and Chinese youth’s entrepreneurial intention, achievement motivation, risk-taking tendency and self-efficacy; Confucian filial piety culture has not only a direct effect on Chinese youth’s entrepreneurial (...) intention, but also an indirect effect with achievement motivation, self-efficacy and risk-taking tendency as intermediary variables. (shrink)

ObjectiveThe main purpose of this study was to explore the association between early fundamental motor skills and executive function in preschool children.MethodsA total of 394 young children were evaluated. The FMS and EF were evaluated using the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 and the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery, respectively.ResultsTotal FMS score was moderately and positively correlated with total EF score and was a significant predictor of total EF score. Specifically, locomotor skills were significant predictors of inhibition control, working memory, and (...) cognitive flexibility, while object control skills were only significant predictors of inhibition control.ConclusionFMS were significantly and positively correlated with EF and were significant predictors of EF. Early childhood policymakers, preschool teachers, and researchers should take these connections seriously and implement appropriate complex motor intervention programs in future teaching to stimulate the development of both motor and higher-order cognitive skills in preschool children. (shrink)

The present study aimed to examine whether a self-related stimulus produces a self-related process bias between pathological-tendency internet users and ordinary internet users. Participants were asked to judge the color of the target stimulus’ frame (internet pictures) in an implicit priming task, which enclosed the prime of self/other-related words and the target of the online image in sequence. Results from Experiment 1 showed that the main effect of priming type and the interaction of the priming type and the subject group (...) were significant. Further analysis revealed that response time (RT) under the self-related condition was significantly longer than that of the other related conditions. Simple effect analysis indicated that RT under the self-related condition was significantly longer than that under the other-related conditions for pathological-tendency internet users but not for ordinary internet users. In Experiment 2, behavior results demonstrated the main effects of priming type and subject group. Further analysis suggested that RT under the self-related condition was significantly longer than that in the other-related tasks for both groups, and the RT of the pathological-tendency internet users was shorter than that of ordinary internet users. ERP data showed that the amplitudes of late positive components under the self-related condition were smaller than that under the other-related conditions. The N2 amplitude was larger under the self-related condition than under the other-related conditions for pathological-tendency internet users but not for ordinary internet users. This finding suggested that internet use influenced the inhibition control and was automatically retrieved during the processing of self-related stimuli. (shrink)

In a complex network, each edge has different functions on controllability of the whole network. A network may be out of control due to failure or attack of some specific edges. Bridges are a kind of key edges whose removal will disconnect a network and increase connected components. Here, we investigate the effects of removing bridges on controllability of network. Various strategies, including random deletion of edges, deletion based on betweenness centrality, and deletion based on degree of source or target (...) nodes, are used to compare with the effect of removing bridges. It is found that the removing bridges strategy is more efficient on reducing controllability than the other strategies of removing edges for ER networks and scale-free networks. In addition, we also found the controllability robustness under edge attack is related to the average degree of complex networks. Therefore, we propose two optimization strategies based on bridges to improve the controllability robustness of complex networks against attacks. The effectiveness of the proposed strategies is demonstrated by simulation results of some model networks. These results are helpful for people to understand and control spreading processes of epidemic across different paths. (shrink)

Math anxiety (MA) has been suggested to decrease the math performance of students. However, it remains unclear what factors moderate this relationship. The purpose of this study was to analyze the link between MA and math performance. Studies that explored the relationship between MA and math performance, conducted from 2000 to 2019 (84 samples, N = 8680), were identified and statistically integrated with a meta-analysis method. The results indicated a robust negative correlation between MA and math performance. Furthermore, regarding the (...) analysis of moderator variables, this negative link was stronger in the studies that involved Asian students, whereas it was the weakest in the studies that involved European students. Moreover, this negative link was stronger in the studies within a senior high school group, whereas it was the weakest in the studies within an elementary group. Finally, this negative link was strongest among studies that used a custom test and studies that assessed problem-solving skills. Potential explanations and implications for research and practice are discussed. (shrink)

The Cabin Pressure Control System is an essential part of the aviation environmental control system that ensures aircraft structure and flight crew safety. However, the CPCS usually has potential faults of sensors and actuators. To this end, a Simple Adaptive Control- based reconfiguration method is proposed to compensate for the above adverse effects. Some good pressure control performance of CPCS can be achieved by the basic pressure controller when the system is in normal operation. A parallel feedforward compensator is designed (...) to guarantee the closed-loop system’s stability and the almost strictly positive realness of the augmented system. Thus, the simple adaptive controller can be utilized for the CPCS. In particular, the reconfiguration system can update the control law online when the fault occurs without the system identification process. The reference model is obtained by mathematical model linearization after considering the mechanical characteristics of the CPCS. Extensive simulations under various typical fault scenarios are carried out throughout the entire flight envelope of the aircraft from take-off to landing. Simulation results validate the robustness and reconfiguration control capability of the proposed method. (shrink)

Stress is prevalent in our daily life, and people often make moral decision-making in a stressful state. Several studies have indicated the influence of acute stress on moral decision-making and behavior. The present study extended the investigation to chronic stress, and employed a new approach, the CNI model, to add new insights regarding the mechanism underlying the association between chronic stress and moral decision-making. A total of 197 undergraduates completed the Perceived Stress Scale and made moral decision-making on a series (...) of deliberately designed moral dilemmas. The results indicated that the high-stress group (one standard deviation above the mean) preferred more deontological options than the low-stress group (one standard deviation below the mean). Process-dissociation analysis revealed that the two groups had differences on deontological inclinations but not on utilitarian inclinations. And CNI model analyses suggested that the high-stress group showed a stronger general preference for inaction than the low-stress group did, but there were no significant differences in sensitivity to consequences or sensitivity to moral norms between the two groups. Finally, the implications of our findings were discussed. (shrink)

This paper proposes a new system whose potential function is with three types of asymmetric potential wells, driven by trichotomous noise. Firstly, the three types of asymmetric bistable system are described in detail, and the changes of asymmetric bistable system potential function under different asymmetric factors are analyzed. Secondly, the effect of potential function parameters, asymmetric factorα, noise intensity D, and the probability of particle transition q is discussed, using numerical simulation. The detection effects of traditional symmetric SR and three (...) types of asymmetric SR are observed and compared under the driving of trichotomous noise and periodic signals. The mean of signal-to-noise ratio gain is the indicator of the system's effectiveness on enhancing weak signal. The results indicate that it can make the detection effect of the asymmetric system better than that of the traditional bistable system by adjusting the parameters of the asymmetric stochastic resonance system and trichotomous noise. (shrink)

BackgroundBoosting the individual learning passion of medical students is a novel approach to improve their academic performance. It facilitates the medical education reform, motivating both policymakers and educators to focus on the function of positive psychology in the career development of medical students. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the status of two types of learning passion; to clarify the relationship between self-esteem and two types of learning passion among Chinese medical students; to examine the mediating role of psychological capital (...) in the relationship between self-esteem and two types of learning passion, respectively; and to identify the moderating role of professional identity in the relationship between PsyCap and two types of learning passion, respectively.MethodsA cross-sectional online survey was conducted from April to June 2016 in China. A total of 1,218 valid questionnaires were collected from four medical schools.ResultsSelf-esteem significantly and positively influenced medical students’ PsyCap.ConclusionTwo types of learning passion of medical students are positively influenced by self-esteem and PsyCap. Medical students with high-level self-esteem should possess strong PsyCap, which augments their harmonious as well as obsessive learning passion. Moreover, the positive effect of medical students’ PsyCap on harmonious learning passion is more notable among those with a lower professional identity. Finally, this study argues that strengths-based interventions of self-esteem and PsyCap are a beneficial approach for future enhancing learning passion in the domain of medical education. (shrink)

《王阳明居黔思想及活动研究》重点研究了居黔时期形成的心即理、知行合一等主要观点，探讨这些观点的形成原因、具体内容及意义；同时，对《五经臆说》之残篇进行研究，以期对阳明思想有更为全面的把握。从被贬赴黔起 ，到离开龙场止，尽可能地弄清居黔活动的相关历史问题，如赴黔时间、居黔时间、离黔时间及原因，在龙场及贵阳的讲学情况、在龙场的生活状况、被贬时龙场驿的情况，试图优选可能还原的居黔活动状况，以期对心学思想的 形成原因有更为清楚的了解。.

Di yi juan. Si wei xue, yuan li lun he zhe xue juan -- Di er juan. Mei xue juan -- Di san juan. Fu hao fen xi he yu yan fen xi juan -- Di si juan. Wen hua xue yu dao de zhe xue juan -- Di wu juan. Shi wen juan.

劉沅(1767～1855)，祖籍湖北麻城劉家溝，先祖於明末遷蜀。劉沅出生於雙流雲棲裡，嘉慶十二年(1807) 遷居成都淳化街。因劉沅在雙流和成都的書塾中均有一株古槐，故世稱劉沅為“槐軒先生”，其學為“槐軒之學”。劉沅是學問大家，現存著述逾200卷。本書作者2010年開始以槐軒學派的學術思想作為研究物件，以劉沅 所關懷之社會歷史問題為軸心展開探討，闡明其逾出當時知識界義理與考據之爭的真正深意，在於重建社會整體性的價值信念系統。.

老子智慧的清泉，不但滋养了中华民族，哺育了中国历史上的盛唐强汉，而且也为西方哲学与社会科学的发展注入了强大的思想动力。老子的人生智慧，更是启迪了两千多年来无数迷茫的心灵。本书紧密联系现实生活实际，以追 求和平幸福、和谐发展为旨归，从多方面解读老子思想的深邃内涵，引导人们抵御消费主义社会物质力量对人的精神家园的侵吞，培养达观的人生态度。.

本书分为一般原理篇和具体体现篇两篇,介绍了定律与法律、物化与法律、语言与法律、规则的本质、概念的概念、法律机构与法律推理、论刑法的不合理性等内容。.

Ben shu shi guan yu Jiangxi dao jiao yi qian ba bai nian fa zhan shi de tong shi xing zhu zuo,she ji zhong duo de zong pai, ren wu, shi jian, si xiang deng, ju you hen gao de xue shu jia zhi.

The US and China have both benefited greatly from their trading relationship. However, motivated by a US concern that their partner was becoming more of a rival, then-president Donald Trump began a ‘trade war’ in 2018. In US news outlets and, of particular interest here, on American social media platforms, China was represented as a global menace, with extreme xenophobia against Chinese people. Yet less is known about how Chinese people responded on social media to the same situation. This paper (...) explores the discourses carried on the Chinese social media platform Weibo, focusing on the 2021 Alaska talks between the US and China, where negotiations took place. As with their US counterparts, Weibo users comment little on actual trade benefits or damages caused by the conflict. We find a strong sense of nationalism, but this is not based on xenophobia; rather on a discourse comparing the talks to similar events early in the twentieth century, where the ‘Century of Humiliation’ began, and where territories such as Hong Kong, Taiwan and Shaoshan were taken by colonial powers. Foregrounded is China’s ability now to end this humiliation. (shrink)

內容簡介 先秦兩漢儒家思想的發展，經歷一個高低起伏的歷史，值得重新注視。加上近年利用出土文獻的大量發現和整理，重寫先秦兩漢思想史的呼聲高唱入雲。本書各篇文章多能利用最新出土文獻，並浸潤於傳世文獻中，以求對此段思 想大潮加以析述。全書共收文章十九篇，主題圍繞先秦兩漢思想與教育為主，開啟了二千年來以儒家思想為主流的中國文化。.

本书介绍了导论——道教的道与术;唐末至北宋时期的道教思想;南宋至明代中期的道教思想等内容。.

本书介绍曾子的身世背景、曾子的生平、曾子的著作、曾子的思想、曾子与《孝经》的关系、《孝经》的思想内容、《孝经》的影响、历代对曾子的推崇。.

本书是有关秦思想史研究专著. 作者通过对儒家早期思想的研究, 从中提炼出"人道"的概念, 作为其理论体系的内核和本书的线索, 并分析了孔子--子思--孟子的思想脉络, 其研究具有一定的气氛性和学术价值.

1. Juan shou -- 2. Da zong hu zhi yi -- 3. Da zong hu zhi er -- 3. Linyi hu. Mengcun hu -- 4. Daogou hu -- 6. Tengyang hu zhi yi -- 7. Tengyang hu zhi er -- 8. Jiu Xian hu -- 9. Zhongji hu -- 10. Caizhuang hu. Daizhuang hu. Liyuan hu -- 11. Shizhuang hu. Sibei hu -- 12. Dianbei hu. Xiguo hu -- 13. Xianyuan hu. Quannan hu. Qiwang hu. Chengguo hu -- 14. Miaokong (...) hu. Wenxian hu. Yibei hu -- 15. Hongmen hu. Shi Cun hu. Luxian hu. Yiyang hu. Kong Cun hu. Wangtang hu. Xiaozhuang hu. Gongduan hu -- 16. Huadian hu -- 17. Gucheng hu. Gangshan hu -- 18. Lucheng hu zhi yi -- 19. Lucheng hu zhi er -- 20. Kongtun hu. Xicheng hu. Jiucheng hu -- 21. Lüguan hu zhi yi -- 22. Lüguan hu zhi er -- 23. Lüguan hu zhi san -- 24. Lüguan hu zhi si -- 25. Linqian hu. Fangxi hu. Linmen hu -- 26. Guanzhuang hu. Daxue hu -- 27. Guangwen hu -- 28. Xiaoxue hu. Taole hu. Beigong hu -- 29. Zhifang hu. Dongzhuang hu. Fangshang hu. Gaozhuang hu. Nangong hu -- 30. Xing Cun hu. Guliu hu. Wu Sun hu. Dong Cun hu. Mozhuang hu -- 31. Zhangqu hu. Xizou hu -- 32. Xilin hu. Linxi hu -- 33. Nanzong pai -- 34. Jiangxi Xinjian zhi. Sichuan Langzhong zhi. Zhejiang Wenling zhi. Zhejiang Qiantang zhi -- 35. Qingping Kongzhuang zhi. Guangdong Nanhai Dali zhi. Henan Taikang zhi --. (shrink)

Taking the semiotic landscaping of the Occupy Movement in Hong Kong in 2014 as an example, the article explores the semiotic relation between the materialization of signs and the constitution of a collectivity. Juxtaposing the concepts of ‘collective assemblage of enunciation’, ‘landscaping’ and ‘autoglottic space’, the article argues that collective enunciations are not autonomous from human agency. Instead, collective enunciations can be created by deliberate de-subjectification and de-personification in the materialization of signs.

Background Care homes have been disproportionately affected during the COVID-19 pandemic. Practical challenges of enacting infection control measures in care home settings have been widely reported, but little is known about the ethical concerns of care home staff during the implementation of such measures.. Objectives To understand the ethical challenges perceived by care home staff during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Research design An exploratory qualitative study. Participants and research context A purposive sample of 15 care home staff (...) in different roles and ranks in Hong Kong was recruited to take part in semi-structured interviews between June and August 2020. Ethical considerations Ethical approval for this study was obtained. Participation was voluntary and anonymous. Participants had the right to withdraw from the study at any time without reprisal. Findings Three themes were identified: unclear legitimacy regarding infection control measures, limited autonomy in choices over infection control measures and inevitable harms to residents’ well-being. While the participants expected that they would have legitimated power to implement infection control measures, they were resistant when their right to self-determination of testing and vaccination was infringed. They also felt trapped between ethical duties to protect care home residents from infection risk and the anticipated detrimental effects of infection control measures. Conclusions The findings of this study reveal tensions among the ethical obligations of care home staff in response to a public health emergency. They highlight the importance of strengthening ethical sensitivity and ethical leadership in identifying and resolving the challenges of pandemic responses. (shrink)

This research examines the knowledge constructed in political ironic discourses, which is associated with different models of practicing self-censorship, taking a case study of the 2017 Hong Kong Chief Executive Election via social media Weibo. Critical discourse analysis, the verbal irony principle and semi-structured interviews were employed to compare participants from mainland China and Hong Kong, including opinion leaders and casual users. This research suggests a three-stage analytical framework that clearly emphasizes the act of rhetorical discourse and the (...) practice of self-censorship. As such, it reveals citizens’ intrinsic motivation related to self-efficacy, resistance or empowerment. This research argues that dissidents’ shared knowledge and ideology are structurally represented in the ‘binary opposition’ mode of rhetorical discourse, concerning the discursive construction of Hong Kong identity. The proliferation of rhetorical discourse, evolving shoulder to shoulder with Internet self-censorship, results from the complexity of politics, history and digital technology development within China. (shrink)

Ben shu gong you ba jiang zu cheng, fen bie shi sheng ren bi ke xue er zhi, Wang Yangming de xin xue ti xi, shi gong yu bing xue, wen xue si xiang yu shi wen chuang zuo, jiao yu si xiang yu shi jian, Yangming hou xue, Yangming xue zai jin xian dai de ying xiang, Yangming wen hua yu Guizhou lü you. Mei ge lun ti lun shu ji zhong, shen du shi zhong, xu shu xing yu (...) yan tong su liu chang, gu shi xing qiang, hen shi he da zhong du zhe yue du. wei qi fa du zhe si kao, zeng qiang yue du xiao guo, zai mei yi jiang zhi hou shi liang she zhi le yi xie ming ci jie shi, jian da tao lun ti. ling pei he xiang guan wen zi, she zhi le yi xie tu pian, bei ke he Yangming shu fa zuo pin deng, ju you ji jia de guan shang xing. (shrink)