This article revisits a reduced model of cardiac electro-physiology which was proposed to understand the genesis of unidirectional block pathology and of ectopic foci. We underline some specificities of the model from the viewpoint of dynamical systems and bifurcation theory. We point out that essentially the same properties are shared by a simpler system more accessible to analysis. With this simpler system, it becomes possible to give a new presentation of the phenomenon in a phase plane with time moving slow (...) manifolds. This presentation can be of interest both for cardiac electro-physiologists and for mathematicians. (shrink)

This article is devoted to the characterization of the basin of attraction of pattern solutions for some slow–fast reaction–diffusion systems with a symmetric property and an underlying oscillatory reaction part. We characterize some subsets of initial conditions that prevent the dynamical system to evolve asymptotically toward solutions which are homogeneous in space. We also perform numerical simulations that illustrate theoretical results and give rise to symmetric and non-symmetric pattern solutions. We obtain these last solutions by choosing particular random initial conditions.

The main concern of this paper is to study the dynamic of a predator–prey system with diffusion. It incorporates the Holling-type-II and a modified Leslie–Gower functional responses under Robin boundary conditions. More concretely, we study the dissipativeness of the system by using the comparison principle, and we derive a criteria for permanence and for predator extinction.

Karl-Otto Apel und Jurgen Habermas haben die Diskursethik gemeinsam als neues Paradigma der praktischen Philosophie konzipiert. Es blieb Work in Progress. Beide Autoren setzten von Anfang an unterschiedliche Akzente und erhoben gegen die diskursethischen Entwurfe des jeweils anderen weitreichende Einwande. Habermas halt Apels Anspruch auf Letztbegrundung ethischer Grundnormen fur uneinlosbar. Er stellt Apels starkem Apriorismus seine Konzeption der "detranszendentalierten" Vernunft gegenuber, die in historisch-kulturellen Lebensformen situiert ist. Habermas vertrat bis zum Ende der 1980er Jahre die These, dass in der Gattungsgeschichte (...) eine Entwicklungslogik der Normativitat wirksam sei, die zum Moral- und Rechtsverstandnis der neuzeitlichen Aufklarung hinfuhre. Apel hat sich dieser Position angeschlossen. Habermas selbst problematisiert sie jedoch in seinem diskursethischen Hauptwerk "Faktizitat und Geltung" (1992) mit dem Argument, sie gerate in die Nahe geschichtsphilosophischer Spekulation. Seine diskursethische Rechtstheorie in Faktizitat und Geltung versteht sich als "Bedeutungsexplikation" der Institutionen und Diskursformen moderner Demokratien. Nach Apel lauft dies auf die Preisgabe universalistischer Begrundungsanspruche der Diskursethik hinaus. Die Monographie zeichnet die vielschichtige Auseinandersetzung zwischen Apel und Habermas mit dem Ziel nach, eine vermittelnde Position herauszuarbeiten, die die Idee einer normativen Entwicklungslogik rehabilitiert und in dieser Perspektive die historische Genese normativer Geltung rekonstruiert. (shrink)

Es gehorte zu den Grunduberzeugungen der Aufklarung, dass die Evolution des normativen Bewusstseins - von den archaischen Mythen bis hin zu den neuzeitlichen Ideen von Demokratie und Menschenrechten - einer inneren Logik folgt. Jurgen Habermas hat diese Konzeption in den 1970er Jahren im Rekurs auf Lawrence Kohlberg aufgegriffen. In den letzten Jahrzehnten ist sie allerdings in den Hintergrund getreten - in erster Linie aufgrund des Verdachts, dass sie einer spekulativen Geschichtsphilosophie verhaftet bleibe und eurozentrische Zuge trage. Der Sammelband verfolgt das (...) Ziel, die Tragfahigkeit der Idee einer normativen Entwicklungslogik auszuloten. Mit Beitragen von Micha Brumlik, Hauke Brunkhorst, Klaus Erich Kaehler, Matthias Kettner, Friederike Kuster, Georg Lohmann, Stefan Muller-Doohm und Smail Rapic. (shrink)

This text examines the socio-professional guidance of Comorian migrants residing on La Réunion Island. It mainly questions the process whereby guidance is constructed as a professional situation. To apprehend the complexity of the process, we have drawn on an ethnographical procedure (Woods, 1990) based on a dual source of data—that of the guide and that of the guided—as well as a micro-sociological approach (Thomas, 1923 ; Goffman, 1993 ; Lapassade, 1997) allowing us to link the concepts of situation definition and (...) conflict in situation definition. Finally, the article mobilizes an intercultural approach (Abdallah-Pretceille, 2003 ; Clanet, 1990 ; Camilleri, 1993) which, in reference to a threefold subjectivist, interactionist and situational perspective, aims to shed light on the dimensions of guidance that are otherness and heterogeneity. Ce texte traite de l’accompagnement socioprofessionnel des migrants comoriens résidant dans l’île de La Réunion. Il questionne principalement le processus de construction de l’accompagnement en tant que situation professionnelle. Pour appréhender la complexité de ce processus, nous avons convoqué une démarche ethnographique (Woods, 1990) privilégiant une double entrée : celle de l’accompagnateur et celle de l’accompagné, une approche microsociologique (Thomas, 1923 ; Goffman, 1993 ; Lapassade, 1997) permettant d’articuler les concepts de définition de la situation et de conflit de définition de la situation et enfin une approche interculturelle (Abdallah-Pretceille, 2003 ; Clanet, 1990 ; Camilleri, 1993) visant à élucider, en référence à une triple perspective : subjectiviste, interactionniste et situationnelle, les dimensions altéritaire et hétérogène de l’accompagnement. (shrink)

This text examines the socio-professional guidance of Comorian migrants residing on La Réunion Island. It mainly questions the process whereby guidance is constructed as a professional situation. To apprehend the complexity of the process, we have drawn on an ethnographical procedure (Woods, 1990) based on a dual source of data—that of the guide and that of the guided—as well as a micro-sociological approach (Thomas, 1923 ; Goffman, 1993 ; Lapassade, 1997) allowing us to link the concepts of situation definition and (...) conflict in situation definition. Finally, the article mobilizes an intercultural approach (Abdallah-Pretceille, 2003 ; Clanet, 1990 ; Camilleri, 1993) which, in reference to a threefold subjectivist, interactionist and situational perspective, aims to shed light on the dimensions of guidance that are otherness and heterogeneity. Ce texte traite de l’accompagnement socioprofessionnel des migrants comoriens résidant dans l’île de La Réunion. Il questionne principalement le processus de construction de l’accompagnement en tant que situation professionnelle. Pour appréhender la complexité de ce processus, nous avons convoqué une démarche ethnographique (Woods, 1990) privilégiant une double entrée : celle de l’accompagnateur et celle de l’accompagné, une approche microsociologique (Thomas, 1923 ; Goffman, 1993 ; Lapassade, 1997) permettant d’articuler les concepts de définition de la situation et de conflit de définition de la situation et enfin une approche interculturelle (Abdallah-Pretceille, 2003 ; Clanet, 1990 ; Camilleri, 1993) visant à élucider, en référence à une triple perspective : subjectiviste, interactionniste et situationnelle, les dimensions altéritaire et hétérogène de l’accompagnement. (shrink)

Muhyiddin ibn Arabî, İslam'daki tartışmasız en etkili sufi teorisyendir. Kalıcı şekilde en popüler çalışması olan Fusûsül-hikem'de, Kur'an'da bir peygamber hakkında algımız ne olursa olsun, onunla ilişkilendirilen ve ondan türetilen hikmetin çok farklı olduğunu açıkça ve ısrarla göstermektedir. Bu, İbn Arabî'nin Kur'an'ın literal metnini inkar ettiği anlamına gelmez. Tam tersine, O sadece Kur'an'ı farklı algılama ve alımlama düzeylerinin olduğunu iddia eder: Kur'an'ın dış gerçekliği (zâhir) kitlesel tüketim içindir ve İbn Arabî'ye göre kişinin Kur'an'ın yüzeysel bir anlayışından elde ettiği bilgidir. Bununla birlikte, (...) Kuran'ın, ariflerin (arifûn) korumasında olan daha derin bir anlayışı vardır. İbn Arabî, dış gerçeğin ötesine geçen, ancak ona (dış gerçekliğe) ayrılmaz bir şekilde bağlı olan Kur’an’ı bu şekilde okumasıyla, Kur'an'ın tasavvufi tefsir geleneğini kendi tarzında sürdürür ve birincil amacını Fusûs’un her bölümünde uygular: Her ikisinin de meşruiyetini korurken, Kur'an'ın zâhir ve bâṭını arasındaki antitezi vurgulamak ve hatta bâṭına ancak ẓâhir yoluyla erişilebileceğini iddia edecek kadar ileri gitmek. Bu makale, bu karşılıklı bağımlı bilgi ('ilm)/hikmet (hikma) antitezinin en açık örneklerini bulduğumuz ve belirli nedenlerle seçilmiş Fusûs'un dört bölümünü detaylı şekilde incelemektedir: Adem bölümü, Fusûs'un ilk bölümü olduğu için seçilmiştir ve bu bölümde İbn Arabî'nin eserin tamamına yönelik amacı ve yaklaşımı net şekilde belirginleşir. Lût ve Hârûn bölümleri, Endülüs'ün ikili hermenötik ilkesinin en bariz örneklerini oluşturdukları için seçilmiştir. Son olarak, İbn Arabî metnin tahiriyle çelişiyor gibi görünse bile, aslında birincil zahiri modele dayanan daha gelişmiş bir yorum modelini açıkladığı için Nûh bölümü seçilmiştir. Âdem bölümünde İbn Arabi, Adem ile ilişkilendirilen en tutarlı Kur'anî betimlemenin insanlığın babası olduğu için onun insanlığının olduğunu öne sürer. Oysa onun hikmeti ilahi vasfıdır. Bunun nedeni, İlahi en katıksız ve tam ifadesini ancak insanda bulabilmesidir. Diğer taraftan, Nuh'un Kuranî sembolü ise kavminin büyük çoğunluğunun boğulduğu tufandır. Sufî’ye göre (İbn Arabî) onun hikmeti, şeyleri yüzdürmesidir- subbūḥiyya/sebūḥiyya hikmeti. İbn Arabî için boğulma bir ölüm nedeni olmaktan çok bir yaşam kaynağı olmuştur. Lut'un Kur'an'daki en kalıcı imgesi, kavminin günahını dizginlemedeki yetersizliğinden dolayı güçsüzlüğüdür. İbn Arabî, ama yine de onun hikmetinin güç olduğunu söylüyor. Son olarak, Hârûn, Kuran'da Mûsâ'ya itaat eden biri olarak tasvir edilir. Kardeşine yardım etmesi, yükünü taşımasına yardım etmesi için kendisine peygamberlik verildi. Mûsâ, Sina'ya gidip onu sorumlu bıraktığında bile, o sadece Mûsâ'nın yardımcısı rolünü yerine getirir ve ona tabidir. Oysa onun hikmeti itaatin, liderliğin antitezidir. (shrink)

Öz Bu çalışmada, küreselleşme olgusunun sanatla ilişkisi sorgulanmıştır. Küreselleşmenin, homojenleşme, kutuplaşma, hibritleşme gibi kültürel getirileri, sanata yeni bir kimlik kazandırmıştır. Çağdaş sanat olarak tanımlanan bu yeni kimlik, disiplinlerarası, çok kültürlülük özelliği taşıyan, zaman, mekan kavramından bağımsız, anlatım ve plastik dil açısından çok çeşitlilik içeren bir yapıya sahiptir. Sanat, ilk çağlardan beri insanların doğa karşısında güçlü olmalarını ve kendilerini ifade etmelerini sağlayan kültürel bir güçtür. İletişim Kuramcısı McLuhan’a göre kültürün belirleyici ilkesi, içeriginden cok iletildigi aracmm niteligi ile ilgilidir(Eşkinat. 1998, s.37) Günümüzde (...) kültürün iletenleri olarak dijital teknoloji ve medya çağdaş sanatın en önemli belirleyenleridir.Çağdaş sanat, iletişim, teknolojlerindeki gelişme ile hız faktörünü kazanarak zaman ve mekandan bağımsızlaşmıştır. Sanatçının kendisi de bir ileten olarak ön plana çıkmıştır. Çeşitli özellikleri ile çağdaş sanat, yaşamın içinde yer almakta ve küreselleşmenin kültürel boyutunun büyük bir bölümünü oluşturmaktadır.Küreselleşme Ekonomik, politik ve sosyo-kültürel yapıların biraraya gelmesi ve yeni iletişim teknolojilerinin küresel kullanımıyla oluşur(Erdoğan. 2013, s.76).Bu çalışmada çağdaş sanatın ekonomik sistem ile bütüncül bir yapı oluşturduğu vurgulanmıştır. Bu bütüncül yapı içinde sanatçının kendisinin de sanat üretiminin önemli bir parçası olduğu gözlemlenmiştir.Çağdaş sanat, sanatçı, küratör, çağdaş sanat fuarları ve bienaller, küreselleşme olgusu üzerinden incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı; çağdaş sanatın, küreselleşmenin önemli bir dinamiği olduğunu ortaya koymaktır. Çalışma, belirlenen problem çerçevesinde literatür araştırması yapılıp, kaynak tarama modeli kullanılarak yürütülmüştür. Anahtar Kelimeler : Küreselleşme,Küreselleşmenin boyutları,Çağdaş sanat,Kültür endüstrisi,KüratörAbstract In this study, the relationship between globalization and art was examined. The cultural connotations of globalization, such as homogenization, polarization, and hybridization, have given a new identity to art. This new identity, defined as contemporary art, has a multidisciplinary structure that is independent of time, space and diverse in terms of expression and plastic language. Art is a cultural power that has enabled people to be strong against nature and to express themselves since the earliest ages. According to the Communication Theorist McLuhan, the culturally determinant principle is concerned with the quality of the means in which it is transmitted (Eskinat.1998, s. 37). Digital technology and media are important determinants of contemporary art. Contemporary art has become independent of time and space by acquiring the speed with the development of communication, technologies. The artist himself has also come to the forefront as a conductor. Contemporary art with its various features takes part in life and forms a large part of the cultural dimension of globalization. Globalization occurs with a combination of economic, political and socio-cultural structures and the global use of new communication technologies (Erdoğan. 2013, s. 76). It is emphasized that modern art forms an integrated structure with the economic system. It is observed that the artist himself is an important part of the art production in this whole structure. Contemporary art, artists, curators, contemporary art fairs and biennials have been studied through the phenomenon of globalization. Purpose of the study is to provide evidence for the fact that contemporary art is an important dynamism of globalization. The study was carried out using literature review model in the framework of the identified problem. Keywords : Globalization, Dimensions of globalization,Contemporary art, Culture industry,Curator. (shrink)

This collection of essays analyzes a systematic question: To what extent does Kierkegaard fall back upon positions of Fichte in his dispute with Hegel? The contributions explore this question, beginning with Kierkegaard's dissertation On the Concept of Irony to The Sickness unto Death. The thematic spectrum ranges from the theory of self-consciousness and the basis of ethical reflection to the anthropological basis of religion. The elucidation of the systematic relationships between Kierkegaard and Fichte has led to a revision of the (...) prevalent views on the philosophy between Hegel and Kierkegaard. (shrink)

Prises dans les rets du conservatisme culturel et religieux comme dans ceux d’un gouvernement totalitaire bannissant toute forme d’organisation de la société civile, il n’est guère surprenant de constater qu’avant 1991 les femmes d’Arabie Saoudite ne pouvaient pas se mobiliser à travers un mouvement associatif pour réclamer des droits légitimes. Jusqu’à tout récemment, les Saoudiennes étaient privées du droit de vote, de la liberté de circulation et du droit d’agir librement sans le consentement de leurs gardiens matrimoniaux. Cet article retrace (...) le parcours et la lutte des femmes saoudiennes afin d’accéder à une pleine citoyenneté et de parvenir à l’indépendance face à la menace d’un conservatisme religieux et culturel profondément ancré dans le canevas socioculturel saoudien. (shrink)

Kierkegaards Hegel-Kritik ist fast durchgängig als religiös motivierte Absage an das spekulative Denken aufgefasst worden. Dies entspricht Kierkegaards Selbstdeutung in seinen autobiographischen Schriften, läuft jedoch der Rezeption von Entweder/Oder durch zeitgenössische Hegelianer zuwider. Das vorliegende Buch interpretiert die in Entweder/Oder entwickelte Ethik als eigenständigen Beitrag zur praktischen Philosophie des Deutschen Idealismus: als Restitution der Moralität auf dem Boden der Sittlichkeit. Kierkegaards Kritik an der Ethik Kants zielt auf ihre rigoristischen Tendenzen, seine Kritik an der Rechtsphilosophie Hegels auf deren systematische Verklammerung (...) mit Hegels Logik. (shrink)

The imsāk time, which was declared by adding the tamkīn time to the time when the sun was 19 degrees below the horizon until 1982, was changed to -18 degrees as of 1983 with the new application of the Presidency of Religious Affairs, and the tamkīn practice was completely abolished. The change decision, which caused heated discussion and confusion in the public, caused some criticism and accusations to the Turkish Presidency of Religious Affairs. In particular, it is seen that criticism (...) focus on two issues: The first is whether the moment when the enlightenment of sun first appears or the moment when it spreads well will be taken as the basis for determining the al-fajr al-sādiq, which is the beginning time of fasting. The second is whether the altitude angle of the sun will be -19 degrees or -18 degrees in determining the al-fajr al-sādiq. According to the claimers, on both issues, Islamic scholars prefer the first view, while European Christian astronomy scholars prefer the second view. The Presidency of Religious Affairs, on the other hand, abandoned the view of Islamic scholars and adopted the view of Christians. This article deals with the examination, analysis and criticism of the criticism made by Prof. Dr. Ahmet Şimşirgil about the change in the beginning of the fast and also expressed by some calendar makers. The aim of the study is to determine whether the arguments put forward in the criticisms expressed by the claimants are correct. In other words, this study deals with the criticism of the criticisms directed at the change in the time of imsāk. In the study, whether the of the parties to the relevant decision of the Presidency of Religious Affairs and the evidence they put forward overlap with the information in the basic fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) and astronomy works, based on text analysis, is discussed in a comparative way. There is no consensus among the scholars of fiqh and astronomy on the both issues according to the obtained results, and the evidence put forward for the criticism does not prove the claims. The research is important in terms of making a critical contribution to the current imsāk debates, which occupy a large part of the society, and placing the discussions on a scientific basis. (shrink)

This book offers a critical survey of the origins of liberalism. It challenges the widely-held belief among philosophers that liberalism developed in opposition to religion. Beginning with the Protestant Reformation, it illustrates how Christian thinkers reinterpreted Christianity and used a set of biblical presuppositions from their reinterpretations to develop the first liberal ideas, starting a process that culminates in the birth of the first systematic liberal political philosophy in the writings of a Christian philosopher, John Locke. -/- Foreworded by Michael (...) A. Gillespie, the author of The Theological Origins of Modernity, this book explains how the Protestant Reformation, covenant theology, anti-trinitarianism, and medieval Christian natural law theories formed the foundations of liberalism. Thus, the main argument of this book is that liberalism is better understood as a socio-political project of theistic rationalism, a radical reinterpretation of Christianity that emerged in the post-Reformation and early modern period. (shrink)