In this paper, we analyze the argumentative strategies deployed in the Ecomodernist Manifesto, published in 2015 by a group of leading environmental thinkers. We draw on pragma-dialectics and Perelman’s rhetoric to characterize manifesto as a genre of practical argumentation. Our goal is to explore the relation of manifesto as a discursive genre to the argumentative structures and techniques used in the Ecomodernist Manifesto. We therefore take into scrutiny the elements of practical argumentation employed in the manifesto and describe the polylogical (...) strategies of dissociation in negotiating the ecological value of nature and the modernist value of progress. (shrink)

Por supuesto se expresa como quien conoce muy bien los términos jurídicos pero con la habilidad de no abrumar al interlocutor. Inspira confianza. Es una mujer grande que mira directamente a los ojos y sonríe casi siempre. Escucha con atención y acierta a comunicar desde la propia experiencia no ya de brillante profesional de la judicatura, sino de mujer, madre, compañera� Enseguida hemos pasado del usted al tú�.

El artículo analiza el rol que cumple la confianza en la construcción de la realidad social, argumentando que constituye uno de sus componentes esenciales. Lo es porque hace posible el nacimiento, permanencia y reconocimiento colectivo de las instituciones, así como su iteración y organización en subsistemas.

ABSTRACT One of the key ethical and political issues in South Africa today is the decolonization of education. In 2015, a movement called Rhodes Must Fall was born in South Africa precisely with the purpose of engaging in activism to promote this decolonization. The Rhodes Must Fall movement to further this purpose engaged in some violent protests. The objective of this article is to assess whether South Africans are justified to believe that these protests can or cannot be morally justified (...) from the perspective of Ubuntu. To explore this question, I assess the morality of the actions using a consequentialist interpretation of African values. I contend that the symbolic violent protests of the Rhodes Must Fall movement were morally justified, whereas its indiscriminate violent protests were not. Hence, I do not myself mean to defend the position they are morally justified; instead, I wish to show that it is a moral implication of African values. (shrink)

A Educação Inclusiva permanece um grande desafio para todos os sistemas educativos. Consagrada com um dos Objetivos do Milénio, a Inclusão enfrenta dificuldades de se afirmar em sistemas educativos que não foram concebidos para lidar com todo o universo de alunos e alunas. Este ensaio apresenta o conceito de Inclusão e discute este conceito na sua relação com os valores e práticas da Educação Física. São igualmente discutidos cinco desafios que assumem maior relevância quando se trata de criar efetivos ambientes (...) inclusivos na área das atividades motoras: as atividades, as metodologias, a avaliação, a cooperação e formação dos professores e ainda a criação de ambientes inclusivos. (shrink)

From the moment in which all body is hidden, and the grave is empty of all presence, has a fundamental lack in common. Therefore this lack, in regard to the Christian world, is expressed in terms of original concealment. For its part, the medieval theological and mystical tradition, heiress and interlocutor of a metaphysical tradition of the Hellenic world, systematized throughout the centuries the grammar of this disappearance in terms of an inaccessibility and irreducibility of being, namely, an essential of (...) the Logos negativity. One could anticipate, therefore, as arrival point, than the language of the Christian mystical tradition, is not only the language of the lack of a body, but also the search for one language enough to reconcile the universal with the autonomous unit of the language. This article proposes, therefore, rebuild the way in that historian and Jesuit theologian, Michel de Certeau, genealogically rebuilt part of a mystical tradition that, immersed in a series of variables and potential historical of enunciation, is expressed in terms of “a place without place”, originally missing whose, would lead to a relationship of alterity. This would be one of the outcomes in early Western modernity of what from the origins of Neoplatonism known as the solitude of the one, either, the absence of God. (shrink)

Firms engage in corporate social responsibility (CSR) because they consider that some kind of competitive advantage accrues to them. We contend that resource-based perspectives (RBP) are useful to understand why firms engage in CSR activities and disclosure. From a resource-based perspective CSR is seen as providing internal or external benefits, or both. Investments in socially responsible activities may have internal benefits by helping a firm to develop new resources and capabilities which are related namely to know-how and corporate culture. In (...) effect, investing in social responsibility activities and disclosure has important consequences on the creation or depletion of fundamental intangible resources, namely those associated with employees. The external benefits of CSR are related to its effect on corporate reputation. Corporate reputation can be understood as a fundamental intangible resource which can be created or depleted as a consequence of the decisions to engage or not in social responsibility activities and disclosure. Firms with good social responsibility reputation may improve relations with external actors. They may also attract better employees or increase current employees’ motivation, morale, commitment and loyalty to the firm. This article contributes to the understanding of why CSR may be seen as having strategic value for firms and how RBP can be used in such endeavour. (shrink)

In the intellectual scene of 19th century Colombia, Soledad Acosta de Samper stands out for pioneering the recognition of the significance of women for society. This purpose can be found in her work as a journalist as well as in her essays and literary works. Thus, the aim of the article is to analyze from the standpoint of social criticism how are configured the female characters in the works Dolores: cuadros de la vida de una mujer y Teresa la limeña: (...) páginas de la vida de una peruana. Based on the analysis of these novels, the article seeks to show how she gives voice to the main characters of her work, thus looking into the intimacy of female thinking. With the latter, she not only contributed to the strengthening of the ideals of virtue fostered during 19th century, but also of the necessity of intellectual education of women as a fundamental requirement for the training of ideal female citizens. (shrink)

The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between information and abductive reasoning in the context of problem-solving, focusing on non-human animals. Two questions guide our investigation: What is the relation between information and abductive reasoning in the context of human and non-human animals? Do non-human animals perform discovery based on inferential processes such as abductive reasoning? In order to answer these questions, we discuss the semiotic concept of information in relation to the concept of abductive reasoning and, (...) more specifically, to the notion of manipulative abduction proposed by Magnani. Finally, we investigate a case study of corvids’ intelligence, namely, their capacity of causal cognition. (shrink)

Delusion is one of the most intriguing psychopathological phenomena and its conceptualization remains the subject of genuine debate. Claims that it is ill-defined, however, are typically grounded on essentialist expectations that a given definition should capture the core of every instance acknowledged as delusion in the clinical setting.

Como a filosofia da diferença pode impregnar a formação de professores nesta contemporaneidade por intermédio de arranjos múltiplos, da disseminação de saberes diversos, dos encontros variados e das composições inéditas, a partir dos passeios urbanos? Eis a questão norteadora da escrita deste texto, iniciada na pesquisa-intervenção denominada Tramas e usos do passeio urbano: por uma estética professoral . Entendendo que os saberes estão sempre se transformando e se relacionando, objetivamos tecer tramas entre a filosofia da diferença, as ciências educativas e (...) a arte contemporânea a fim de realizar fissuras na maneira tradicional que está sendo trabalhado os procedimentos formativos. Justifica-se a importância do texto ao considerar as tantas indicações sobre como ser e fazer – enquanto uma demanda modulada por experts educacionais – acabando-se por perder a análise sobre as próprias condições de vida, ficando-se alheio ao poder de gerenciar a existência. O método cartográfico foi utilizado sugerindo uma investigação sobre o processo da produção dos dados. Trabalhar conceitos filosóficos, artísticos e educacionais, possibilitou o enfrentamento do pensamento caótico acionado em função da experimentação de dispositivos singulares. Podemos dizer que a intervenção proposta pulverizou a Educação, através das experimentações no passeio urbano, possibilitando que conexões na prática professoral tenham se formado e territórios docentes desconstituídos ou reforçados. O inédito prevaleceu à repetição do mesmo. Por isso, se aposta nesse modo educacional que age no indivíduo, que faz acontecer alguma coisa com os sujeitos envolvidos. Não há escapatória. É condição sobre a qual o pensamento é colocado a pensar, exigindo uma didática que põe alguma coisa a funcionar. (shrink)

O artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre alguns determinantes presentes no campo da educação, trabalho e saúde que podem oscilar entre a produção do sujeito emancipado e a produção do sujeito autoritário. O principal fator de análise é que na modernidade ocorre uma predominância e resistência em romper com a hegemonia do paradigma da técnica incorporada que produz oposição ao pensamento crítico. Neste caso, o problema da pesquisa encontra-se no campo de reflexão sobre o fato de a prática educativa destituir-se como (...) atividade intelectual. Portanto, ocorre a necessidade de compreender o campo educacional como lugar da produção e, principalmente, o esclarecimento sobre a concepção de mundo em que o sujeito encontra-se veiculado. O objetivo do trabalho é ampliar a discussão sobre os meios e fins utilizados, principalmente as diversas técnicas ensinadas, como elemento educacional, mas destituídas do pensamento crítico. Tem-se como hipótese de trabalho que o educador deveria assumir a posição de intelectual no sentido de criticar e inovar o uso da técnica e seus processos na constituição da sociedade em que o sujeito pode realizar-se na emancipação. A metodologia de investigação no trabalho insere-se numa hermenêutica da leitura de autores que subsidiam a análise sobre a questão do sujeito emancipado na modernidade. As principais conclusões do estudo é que o educador deveria enfrentar-se na posição de intelectual, na tentativa de encontrar pontos de fuga nesse modelo de sociedade de mercado em que as técnicas e processos se encontram reificados, tornando as relações educativas, e principalmente seus conteúdos, como algo sem significado. (shrink)

The main aim of this paper is to introduce first-order versions of logics of evidence and truth, together with corresponding sound and complete Kripke semantics with variable and constant domains. According to the intuitive interpretation proposed here, these logics intend to represent possibly inconsistent and incomplete information bases over time. The paper also discusses the connections between Belnap-Dunn’s and da Costa’s approaches to paraconsistency, and argues that the logics of evidence and truth combine them in a very natural way.

The purpose of this paper is to present a paraconsistent formal system and a corresponding intended interpretation according to which true contradictions are not tolerated. Contradictions are, instead, epistemically understood as conflicting evidence, where evidence for a proposition A is understood as reasons for believing that A is true. The paper defines a paraconsistent and paracomplete natural deduction system, called the Basic Logic of Evidence, and extends it to the Logic of Evidence and Truth. The latter is a logic of (...) formal inconsistency and undeterminedness that is able to express not only preservation of evidence but also preservation of truth. LETj is anti-dialetheist in the sense that, according to the intuitive interpretation proposed here, its consequence relation is trivial in the presence of any true contradiction. Adequate semantics and a decision method are presented for both BLE and LETj, as well as some technical results that fit the intended interpretation. (shrink)

This study compares the Internet (corporate web pages) and annual reports as media of social responsibility disclosure (SRD) and analyses what influences disclosure. It examines SRD on the Internet by Portuguese listed companies in 2004 and compares the Internet and 2003 annual reports as disclosure media. The results are interpreted through the lens of a multi-theoretical framework. According to the framework adopted, companies disclose social responsibility information to present a socially responsible image so that they can legitimise their behaviours to (...) their stakeholder groups and influence the external perception of reputation. Results suggest that a theoretical framework combining legitimacy theory and a resource-based perspective provides an explanatory basis for SRD by Portuguese listed companies. (shrink)

O presente artigo discute o conceito de cidadania e sua relação com as questões educacionais, sobretudo, as relacionadas ao campo da Educação de Jovens e Adultos. Constitui-se como resultado de pesquisa intitulada “Cidadania e EJA: concepções e desafios que marcam a escola pública brasileira” no âmbito do Núcleo de Estudos sobre Trabalho e Educação da Faculdade de Educação da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora. O texto destaca como o conceito de cidadania se desenvolveu historicamente, buscando seus fundamentos ideológicos e (...) políticos no liberalismo, correlacionando-o com a perspectiva de Estado e de educação defendida por essa corrente. Demonstra que a concepção burguesa de cidadania se desdobra sobre o campo educacional, expondo sua relação com a acumulação flexível de cunho capitalista. A concepção marxista de educação rompe com essa unilateralidade, apresentando a universalização do trabalho e da educação como expressão do humano, da pluralidade cultural e das concepções de mundo que marcam as experiências coletivas e individuais. Nesse modelo, as exigências educacionais para jovens e adultos são direcionadas a tornar esses sujeitos capazes de enfrentar, mesmo que minimamente, o mercado globalizado e assumir projetos de vida pautados no mérito das ações econômicas – por meio de uma educação ao longo da vida, com o objetivo de se manterem na condição de empregáveis. Portanto, o texto que se segue visa contribuir com as reflexões de educadores que almejam a construção de uma educação socialista e democrática. Esse processo, que se estabelece nos âmbitos coletivo e social – possível apenas com o rompimento e a superação do modelo social de capital e com a instauração de uma sociedade com novas formas de sentir, pensar e agir no mundo. Palavras-chave: Cidadania. Liberalismo. Educação. Jovens. Adultos. (shrink)

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o processo formativo em interface à perspectiva interdisciplinar no campo educacional. Para tanto, parte-se da análise do “paradigma do muro”, como um problema que se evidencia enquanto representação emblemática do projeto da sociedade, pautada na interdição ou na exclusão do outro. No campo da ciência, existem outros muros que se erguem como barreiras que nos impedem de pensar o conhecimento para além da ciência disciplinar. Para analisar a educação entre muros e a transmissão do (...) saber interdisciplinar, a metodologia utilizada encontra-se no âmbito da filosofia da educação, no sentido de compreender a apropriação crítica do conceito do muro como um projeto arquitetônico de interdição ou exclusão do sujeito na vida em coletividade, ou na recusa do pensamento em interface com as diversas áreas do conhecimento. Em nossa percepção, a proposição da crítica radical seria o questionamento da própria construção do muro como um lugar que prende o sujeito no campo da realização da liberdade. Seria esse questionamento como proposição de crítica da crítica enquanto condição de proporcionar todo o movimento do pensamento que se apresenta nas interfaces entre a educação e os processos formativos numa apropriação crítica do fazer, o trabalho como expressão de si e a saúde do irreversível processo de degeneração de si, pois, se for somente para buscar a luz no final do túnel, a modernidade já faz isso e apresenta todo seu excesso em diversas respostas competentes de manter “a gente feliz”. Temos a esperança de que a impertinência da crítica da crítica, no campo da interdisciplinaridade, torna possível a heurística do processo formativo para consolidação de projeto de sociedade da educação sem muros na transmissão do conhecimento. A partir dos estudos abordados, concluiu-se que existem outros muros difusos, que também impedem a passagem física e social do sujeito para diversos espaços na vida em sociedade. No caso específico no campo do conhecimento, o muro que impede a passagem para o meio intelectual se apresenta em toda uma semiótica que nos conduz ao pensamento reificado do senso comum e, principalmente, à manutenção da hegemonia da apropriação de determinada representação de mundo, que se pauta numa hierarquia entres aqueles que mandam e os outros que obedecem. Palavras-chaves: Interdisciplinaridade. Formação escolar. Competência técnica. Ensino de ciências. (shrink)

We carried out a multidata geophysics study in southern Colorado to explore for [Formula: see text] reservoirs in an area where seismic imaging is very limited due to the mountainous terrain, the presence of high-velocity volcanic rocks, and difficulty in obtaining land access permits. We have developed a modeling/interpretation methodology using ground magnetotelluric data as well as airborne magnetic and electromagnetic data combined with public domain gravity data and existing well and seismic data. We used the integration of these data (...) sets to produce a series of 2D and 3D geophysical models that reveal basin architecture previously poorly defined through the analysis of limited seismic and well data alone. We found that this type of analysis aids in decreasing uncertainty in the interpreted geologic cross sections and a better understanding of the structural complexities of the region. Through the application of machine learning methods, we are also able to integrate several data sets into a mathematical framework resulting in a predictive model of spatial [Formula: see text] distribution. The integration of the interpretations from all data sets, predictive analytics results, and knowledge of [Formula: see text] production, allows us to delineate areas of interest for further exploration. (shrink)

The aim of this paper is to demonstrate, contrary to what experts generally consider, that the criticism that Diderot has directed at Rousseau in the Essai sur les règnes de Claude et de Néron goes beyond the biographical level, and it is deeply rooted in central structures of Diderot’s philosophy. This, on the other hand, sheds light on the place Seneca occupies in the book and on the criticism that Diderot had made to the Roman philosopher in 1745.

ABSTRACT In this article, I will carry out an epistemic and interpretative project, drawing out the implications of African values for the morality of war. More precisely, I wish to interpret the African value system and tease out some conclusions as to what this value system entails in terms of the following: the morality of when to enter war, how to act in war, and what to do after war. I carry out this inquiry by articulating the African value of (...) Ubuntu in light of the actions and speeches of two prominent African leaders, Nelson Mandela and Amilcar Cabral. (shrink)

Helge Kragh interviewed by Gustavo Rodrigues Rocha.

This paper introduces the logic of evidence and truth \ as an extension of the Belnap–Dunn four-valued logic \. \ is a slightly modified version of the logic \, presented in Carnielli and Rodrigues. While \ is equipped only with a classicality operator \, \ is equipped with a non-classicality operator \ as well, dual to \. Both \ and \ are logics of formal inconsistency and undeterminedness in which the operator \ recovers classical logic for propositions in its (...) scope. Evidence is a notion weaker than truth in the sense that there may be evidence for a proposition \ even if \ is not true. As well as \, \ is able to express preservation of evidence and preservation of truth. The primary aim of this paper is to propose a probabilistic semantics for \ where statements \\) and \\) express, respectively, the amount of evidence available for \ and the degree to which the evidence for \ is expected to behave classically—or non-classically for \ \). A probabilistic scenario is paracomplete when \ + P 1\), and in both cases, \ < 1\). If \ = 1\), or \ = 0\), classical probability is recovered for \. The proposition \, a theorem of \, partitions what we call the information space, and thus allows us to obtain some new versions of known results of standard probability theory. (shrink)

The Portuguese animal rights movement has been extremely active in campaigning against bullfighting. Indeed, from 2002 to 2014, this was their main priority in terms of campaigns. In this article, I assess how these campaigns have been carried out, arguing that the animal rights movement in Portugal has been othering supporters and practitioners of bullfights in their campaigns. In other words, their campaigns have consisted of drawing a sharp contrast between bullfight supporters and practitioners and the rest of the population. (...) I argue that a consequence of this is that the speciesist practices of the majority of Portuguese have become normalised; consequently, leading to the reinforcement of some speciesist norms. (shrink)

This paper provides a systematic literature review, analysis and discussion of methods that are proposed to practise ethics in research and innovation. Ethical considerations concerning the impacts of R&I are increasingly important, due to the quickening pace of technological innovation and the ubiquitous use of the outcomes of R&I processes in society. For this reason, several methods for practising ethics have been developed in different fields of R&I. The paper first of all presents a systematic search of academic sources that (...) present and discuss such methods. Secondly, it provides a categorisation of these methods according to three main kinds: ex ante methods, dealing with emerging technologies, intra methods, dealing with technology design, and ex post methods, dealing with ethical analysis of existing technologies. Thirdly, it discusses the methods by considering problems in the way they deal with the uncertainty of technological change, ethical technology design, the identification, analysis and resolving of ethical impacts of technologies and stakeholder participation. The results and discussion of our literature review are valuable for gaining an overview of the state of the art and serve as an outline of a future research agenda of methods for practising ethics in R&I. (shrink)

Abolitionism is an animal rights' philosophy and social movement which has recently begun to grow. It has been largely contested but the criticisms directed at it have usually been articulated outside academia. In this article, I wish to contend that one of the criticisms directed at abolitionism—that it contains racist implications—is correct. I do this by defending the idea that abolitionism engages in what Eduardo Bonilla-Silva classifies as ‘racism without racists’—an unintentional and subtle form of racism. I present three ways (...) in which abolitionism may be considered racist and then address some possible objections to my view. (shrink)

Corporations perform actions that can inflict harm with different levels of intensity, from death to material loss, to both companies’ internal and external stakeholders. Research has analysed corporate harm using the notions of corporate social irresponsibility and corporate crime. Critical management studies have been subjecting management and organizational practices and knowledge to critical analysis, and corporate harm has been one of the main concerns of CMS. However, CMS has rarely been deployed to analyse CSIR and corporate crime. Thus, the aim (...) of this paper is to critically analyse the perspectives of CSIR and corporate crimes on corporate harm via CMS in general and postcolonial studies in particular. The paper contributes by arguing that research on CSIR and corporate crime could be perceived as producing research that does not challenge the essence of contemporary corporation profit-seeking activities that ultimately produces corporate harm. We argue that CSIR and corporate crime are ideologies that assist in disguising the contradiction between producing shareholder value and the social good that is at the heart of the modern corporation system and the current economic system. Furthermore, the postcolonial view of CSIR and corporate crime highlights how they are based on a Western-centric view of corporate harm that ignores the realities and perspectives of the Global South, especially in situations where corporate harm leads to death in the Global South. (shrink)

Animal advocates world-wide have been accused of campaigns immured in racism. Some authors have argued that for animal advocates to avoid this accusation they should simultaneously engage with racial discrimination issues when advocating for animal welfare/rights. This prescription has been mostly explored in the context of the Global North and by looking at Western normative theory. In this article I address this issue but by looking at the context of South Africa and analysing the prescriptions from an Afro-communitarian ethic. I (...) conclude that this ethic prescribes that there is a positive duty to engage in racial discrimination issues and, if one does not do so, a violation of some negative duties occurs. (shrink)

Ethics has powerful teeth, but these are barely being used in the ethics of AI today – it is no wonder the ethics of AI is then blamed for having no teeth. This article argues that ‘ethics’ in the current AI ethics field is largely ineffective, trapped in an ‘ethical principles’ approach and as such particularly prone to manipulation, especially by industry actors. Using ethics as a substitute for law risks its abuse and misuse. This significantly limits what ethics can (...) achieve and is a great loss to the AI field and its impacts on individuals and society. This article discusses these risks and then highlights the teeth of ethics and the essential value they can – and should – bring to AI ethics now. (shrink)