Este trabalho apresenta um relato de experiência de ações realizadas no enfrentamento do bullying, desenvolvidas em uma escola privada do interior do Rio Grande do Sul. As intervenções foram desenvolvidas a partir de três Projetos: Bullying: Somos bonitos pelas nossas diferenças, bullying não é brincadeira e superando o bullying e outras formas de violência. Participaram da ação os alunos da Educação Infantil ao Ensino Médio, matriculados na Instituição nos anos de 2016, 2017 e 2018. As intervenções foram desenvolvidas pela psicóloga (...) escolar, acadêmicas de psicologia, pela assistente social e pelas orientadoras educacionais. As ações tiveram como intuito oferecer espaços de informação, diálogo e de reflexão sobre a problemática do bullying, a fim de prevenir situações de violência entre os pares. A partir das ações, os alunos puderam conceituar o fenômeno, analisar suas causas e consequências, diferenciar violência de brincadeiras entre os pares e refletir sobre formas de superar essa problemática. (shrink)

RESUMEN El tema principal de este trabajo es la posición que suele atribuirse a Antístenes de que es imposible contradecir o decir falsedades y su vinculación con el problema metafísico central del Sofista, el del No Ser. La imposibilidad de contradecir es presentada como la posición opuesta a la de la sofística entendida como contradictor en Sof., 232b y ss., cuyo relativismo es asociado con la figura de Protágoras, más específicamente con su tesis de que sobre cualquier cuestión hay dos (...) argumentos opuestos entre sí. Nos proponemos argumentar a favor de la hipótesis de que esta posición que en el diálogo es atribuida a Parménides es la de Antístenes, discípulo de Sócrates y rival teórico de Platón. ABSTRACT The main subject of this article is the philosophical view often attributed to An-tisthenes that it is impossible to contradict and to speak falsely and it's link to the Sophist's nodal metaphysical problem, that ofNot Being. The impossibility of contradiction is presented as the opposite position to sophistry as contradiction, thus defined in So/, 232b ff., which is attributed to Protagoras, specifically to his statement that about any subject there are two opposite lógoi. We will argue that this position that is attributed to Parmenides in this dialogue belongs to Antisthenes, who was Socrates' disciple and Plato's theoretic rival. (shrink)

Resumen Propongo interpretar la inversión de Deleuze del platonismo como la creación de conceptos nuevos a partir de elementos teóricos tomados de la filosofía del propio Platón. En primer lugar, consideraré el origen nietzscheano de la inversión y su interpretación heideggeriana, de la cual, creo, Deleuze se vale para ciertos argumentos. En segundo lugar, me basaré en la hipótesis de Francis Wolff e Isabelle Ginoux de que la filosofía platónica tiene un carácter ambiguo en la obra deleuziana para analizar esa (...) ambigüedad en términos de la pregunta por los elementos positivos que Deleuze rescata para la creación de una nueva imagen del pensamiento.I propose to interpret the deleuzian reversal of Platonism as the creation of new concepts from the same elements the French philosopher extracts from Plato’s thought. To justify this I will first examine the nietzschean origins of the reversal as well as Heidegger’s interpretation of it, which I think inspires Deleuze. Then, based on the works of Francis Wolff and Isabelle Ginoux, I will explore the ambiguity of Plato’s role in Deleuze’s philosophy, especially in those elements he recovers and exploits to build a new image of thought. (shrink)

Gilles Deleuze describe la tarea del “renversement du platonisme” como la búsqueda de su motivación. El propósito de la Teoría de las Ideas y del método dialéctico es una “voluntad de seleccionar” que responde a lo que Deleuze identifica como el problema platónico, la “selección de pretendientes”. En este escenario, las Ideas funcionan como criterio de la selección y la dialéctica es el procedimiento por el cual Platón produce la diferencia entre los objetos a seleccionar. Deleuze usa el concepto de (...) “simulacro” para pensar la inversión porque encuentra en él una anulación de la posibilidad misma de la Idea como fundamento. Sin embargo, este concepto tiene un desarrollo muy acotado en los diálogos platónicos. Es, en rigor, sólo en el Sofista que Platón lo desarrolla. En el presente trabajo indagaremos en el uso que hace Deleuze del texto del Sofista y del concepto platónico de “simulacro” con el fin de determinar que su operación de lectura debe ser pensada en términos de una sintomatología. (shrink)

Diotima’s speech in the Symposium, which defines the erotic function as an act of procreation in the beautiful, is generally regarded as the most faithful account of the philosopher’s views on the nature of love. While this definition has received much attention from commentators, few studies pay attention to the literal aspect that is veiled behind the rhetorical effect Plato seeks to install. This neglect is even more striking given that the theory of reproduction that underlies the metaphor contains several (...) ambiguities that are unfamiliar to contemporary biology. In the present paper I propose to read Diotima’s argumentation by focusing on the biological conception of procreation that gives structure to the metaphor. I will focus my analysis on the statement that “the sexual union (synousía) between man and woman is a childbirth (tókos).” I will argue that this sentence not only condenses the general sense of the metaphor of intellectual procreation, but also hints at the embryological conception that underlies the metaphor, and that explains to some extent the ambiguity of the Platonic lexicon considering what the philosopher states in Timaeus 91c. I will also argue that the Symposium’s discourse on conception and childbirth, by effacing the female experience, contributes to the tradition of obliteration of the political transcendence of motherhood that prevails in the civic discourses of the time, and therefore to the reinforcement of the exclusion of women from citizenship and from the political sphere in general. (shrink)

El supuesto feminismo de República se ha discutido profusamente. Hay quienes ven en Platón un feminista avant la lettre; quienes descartan esta posibilidad, pero reconocen la propuesta de República como un gesto importante; y quienes descartan toda posibilidad de encontrar un rasgo feminista en Platón, así como en el diálogo. Partiendo de la idea de que el control de la reproducción y la sexualidad de las mujeres es por excelencia el lugar de dominación masculina, propongo problematizar el hecho de que, (...) en República, el acceso de las mujeres a la administración de la pólis se basa en la disolución del vínculo entre la madre y sus hijos. Argumentaré que, bajo esta luz, la ciudad ideal de Leyes es un texto más interesante para abordar la problemática de las mujeres debido al aporte de su perspectiva sobre el derecho materno. (shrink)

Es intrigante el tratamiento de la diferencia sexual en el código penal de Leyes, que en Lg. 872d1-873 propone como la pena más justa para el matricida el nacer formando parte de la naturaleza femenina para ser asesinado luego por sus hijos. Es notable, asimismo, que aunque este código penal ha sido objeto de un análisis detallado por algunos especialistas, un gran silencio envuelve este punto. Esto es elocuente con respecto a la dificultad hermenéutica que presenta, para los estudios de (...) la filosofía griega, toda problemática que involucre la representación de la mujer y de lo femenino. Mi propuesta es abrir algunas líneas de exégesis que puedan contribuir a un análisis del contenido del texto. Intentaré mostrar que el tratamiento del matricidio, además de remitir a la irreductibilidad de los sexos, puede leerse en clave sociopolítica si tenemos en cuenta los elementos que en la literatura griega se asocian a la maternidad como institución. (shrink)

El decir que todos y todas hemos nacido de mujer parece una perogrullada. Esta es, como lo expresa Rich, la única experiencia unificadora, innegable, compartida por mujeres y hombres: aquellos meses que pasamos dentro del cuerpo de una mujer, desarrollándonos. Sin embargo, es usual encontrar en el discurso cívico de las ciudades griegas, la idea de que la mujer no tiene relación alguna con el origen de la especie. Las mujeres son con frecuencia representadas como un grupo separado y cerrado (...) sobre sí mismo, el genos gynaikon, que viene a agregarse al anthropos genos una vez que este ya existe. La hipótesis del presente escrito sostiene que hay dos aspectos conceptuales que acompañan la narrativa del genos gynaikon: (i) la ambigüedad en la clasificación del grupo de las mujeres y (ii) el lugar secundario que se les asigna respecto del origen de la humanidad. Como objetivo general propongo mostrar que el tópico del genos gynaikon está presente, a través de estos aspectos conceptuales, en la concepción platónica y aristotélica de la reproducción y la diferencia sexual. (shrink)

In December and January of 1983–1984, archaeologists excavating the tomb of an ancient Chinese provincial bureaucrat at a Western Han Dynasty site near Zhangjiashan, in Jiangling county, Hubei Province, discovered a number of books on bamboo strips, including inter alia works on legal statutes, military practice, and medicine. Among these was a previously unknown mathematical work on some 200 bamboo strips, the Suan shu shu, or Book of Numbers and Computations. Based upon other works found in the tomb, especially (...) a copy of the Er nian lü ling (Laws and Decrees of the Second Year (of the reign of empress Lü, i.e. Lü Hou)), archaeologists have dated the tomb to ca. 186 BCE (Lü Hou’s regency lasted from 188 to 180 BCE). The Suan shu shu, as the earliest yet discovered work devoted specifically to mathematics from ancient China, has stirred considerable interest among Chinese historians of science. The translation and commentary offered here draw extensively on the works cited in Sect. 3 below. Several appendixes devoted to specific issues related to translating the Suan shu shu, including its title and the problem of determining English equivalents for various commodities that arise in the text, may be found in Appendix II. (shrink)

En este mundo no existen dos culturas iguales, la traducción es una actividad de comunicación intercultural. En la década de los noventa, Suan Bussnett propuso “la gira de la cultura”, y enfatizó que la traducción no se debe aislar de la cultura. Como un importante elemento cultural 妾 (Qiè) es llevada a la novela en Sueño en el Pabellón Rojo. Desde la perspectiva de “traducción cultural”, se pone enfoque en cómo se puede traducir el significado y también transmitir las (...) informaciones culturales de 妾 (Qiè)). (shrink)

Kur’ân-ı Kerîm ilimlerini araştırmak Allah indinde en şerefli amellerdendir. Özellikle de bu, Resulullah’ın ashabına öğrettiği vecih üzere vahiy lafızlarını nakletme olgusunu üstlenen kıraat ilmini araştırma olunca. Kur’ân-ı Kerîm İslam şeriatının ilk kaynağı olduğundan eskiden ve şuan âlimler Kur’ân-ı Kerîm’le ilgili olan tefsir, kıraat, dil bilim, i‘râb ve benzeri ilimlere önem vermişlerdir. Ben bu âlimlerden biri hakkında konuşmak istedim. O da çeşitli şeriat ilimlerinde ilim ehli arasındaki yüksek konumundan ötürü İmam Ebû Muhammed Mekkî b. Ebî Talib’tir. Mekkî, şeriat ilimlerin çoğunu elde (...) etmiş nadir âlimlerden biridir. Özellikle de O, Kur’ân ve tefsir ilminde birinci mevkiyi elde etmiş ve bununla da bu ilimlerde ipi göğüslemiştir. Kırâat, tecvid, arapça dil bilgisi, fıkıh, kelam ve diğer ilimler de yüz kadar esere ulaşan telifleri arkasında bırakmıştır. Ben bu çalışmada ilk başta Mekkî b. Ebî Talib ve kıraat ilimleri ile ilgili kitapları hakkında ışık tutmak, ardından da ayrıcalıkları ve onun özellikle de araştırmacıların anlamakta ihtilaf ettikleri tevâtür konusu hakkındaki görüşleri hakkında konuşmak istedim. Çalışmamı, kırâat ilimlerinde kendisinden sonrakiler üzerindeki etkisi hakkında konuşmak ile bitiriyorum. (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Buddhist-Christian Studies 20 (2000) 257-259 [Access article in PDF] Jesus through Buddhist Eyes: 3rd Conference of European Network of Buddhist-Christian Studies, Archabbey St. Ottilien, Germany, February 26-March 1, 1999 John D'Arcy MayIrish School of Ecumenics, DublinThis ambitious conference, attended by well over 100 participants including a number of practitioners of Buddhist meditation from southern Germany and Austria, has put the European Network of Buddhist-Christian Studies firmly on its feet. (...) Intended mainly for academics working in the field and held entirely in English, the conference, on "Buddhist Perceptions of Jesus," traced various paths from the polemics which characterized relations between Buddhists and Christians well into the century now ending to the remarkable progress made by Buddhist-Christian dialogue in recent decades. The Archabbey of St. Ottilien has itself been the scene of intermonastic exchanges between the Benedictine monks and their Japanese Zen counterparts.The architecture of the conference brought out clearly the distance that has been traveled. Iso Kern (Berne) examined the missionary methodology of the Jesuits in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century China. He showed how they preferred to rely on arguments from reason rather than affront the Chinese with the full implications of Christian revelation, treading a thin line between absorption into harmony with Chinese religion as "a special type of Buddhism" and controversy about the uniqueness of Jesus and his redemptive death on the cross. The Christian idea of a Creator who redeems a sinful world by the substitutionary sacrifice of his own Son was so repugnant to Confucian sensibility that the Jesuits chose a different route, though Professor Kern defended them against Pascal's accusation that they 'hid' the scandal of the cross. Heinz Murmel (Leipzig, in a paper read in his absence) sketched the sterile polemics which characterized early Buddhist-Christian encounters in Ceylon/Sri Lanka, while Frank Usarski (São Paulo) analyzed the equally bitter exchanges between early German converts to Buddhism and their Christian opponents. We were to find not only that these controversies are still remembered in Southeast Asia, but that the obstacles to understanding encountered by the Jesuits in China and Japan still cause problems in Buddhist-Christian relations today. [End Page 257]Of fundamental importance to the development of the conference was a difficult paper by Shizuteru Ueda (Kyoto) on "Jesus in Contemporary Japanese Zen." Starting with his teacher Nishitani's presentation on "Nietzsche and Eckhart" to Heidegger's seminar in 1938, Professor Ueda set out to show how both European nihilism and Christian absolutism can be overcome by Nishitani's understanding of s´unyata: "The last ground of 'I am‚' is without ground and groundless." S´unyata is itself subject to s´unyata: nihilism can only be surmounted through nihilism itself. This dynamic relationship between Into-Nothingness and Out-of-Nothingness is Zen's point of access to Paul's characterization of Christian life-out-of death: "I live no more, Christ lives in me" (Gal. 2:20). Confronted by the question "Who said this?" as Nishitani confronted his Christian friend Muto, the Christian is challenged to ask whether he or she can actually say it, thereby bearing true witness. Ueda's problem is not with this witness, but with the Christian claim that Jesus is unique, for God is not only infinite Person but infinite Openness (basho).Some of these themes were echoed by two speakers who based themselves on experience rather than philosophy: Karl Schmied, a lay associate of Thich Nhat Hanh, and Than Santikharo Bhikkhu, an American monk at Suan Mokkh and Buddhadasa's translator in the last eight years of his life. Without repudiating his Catholic roots, Schmied said that he had simply found more joy in Buddhism. If Jesus is Son of Man and Son of God non-dualistically, could not the relationship between Buddhism and Christianity be one of non-duality, despite obvious differences (rebirth/ historical uniqueness; no-self/person; emptiness/being). Cannot Jesus be seen as a universal Bodhisattva whose 'center,' is everywhere rather than as God's 'only' son?Santikharo Bhikkhu, who still visits... (shrink)