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Theo A. F. Kuipers [88]Theo A. F. Kuipers [2]
  1.  38
    What is Closer-to-the-truth?: A Parade of Approaches to Truthlikeness.Theo A. F. Kuipers (ed.) - 1987 - Amsterdam: Rodopi.
    INTRODUCTION When Karl Popper published in' his definition of closer-to-the- truth this was an important intellectual event, but not a shocking one. ...
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  2.  41
    Nomic Truth Approximation Revisited.Theo A. F. Kuipers - 2019 - Cham: Springer Verlag.
    This monograph presents new ideas in nomic truth approximation. It features original and revised papers from a philosopher of science who has studied the concept for more than 35 years. Over the course of time, the author's initial ideas evolved. He discovered a way to generalize his first theory of nomic truth approximation, viz. by dropping an unnecessarily strong assumption. In particular, he first believed to have to assume that theories were maximally specific in the sense that they did not (...)
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  3. Naive and refined truth approximation.Theo A. F. Kuipers - 1992 - Synthese 93 (3):299 - 341.
    The naive structuralist definition of truthlikeness is an idealization in the sense that it assumes that all mistaken models of a theory are equally bad. The natural concretization is a refined definition based on an underlying notion of structurelikeness.In Section 1 the naive definition of truthlikeness of theories is presented, using a new conceptual justification, in terms of instantial and explanatory mistakes.
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  4. Approaching descriptive and theoretical truth.Theo A. F. Kuipers - 1982 - Erkenntnis 18 (3):343 - 378.
    In this article I give a naturalistic-cum-formal analysis of the relation between beauty, empirical success, and truth. The analysis is based on the one hand on a hypothetical variant of the so-called 'mere-exposure effect' which has been more or less established in experimental psychology regarding exposure-affect relationships in general and aesthetic appreciation in particular (Zajonc 1968; Temme 1983; Bornstein 1989; (Ye 2000). On the other hand it is based on the formal theory of truthlikeness and truth approximation as presented in (...)
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  5. Verisimilitude and belief change for nomic conjunctive theories.Gustavo Cevolani, Roberto Festa & Theo A. F. Kuipers - 2013 - Synthese 190 (16):3307-3324.
    In this paper, we address the problem of truth approximation through theory change, asking whether revising our theories by newly acquired data leads us closer to the truth about a given domain. More particularly, we focus on “nomic conjunctive theories”, i.e., theories expressed as conjunctions of logically independent statements concerning the physical or, more generally, nomic possibilities and impossibilities of the domain under inquiry. We define both a comparative and a quantitative notion of the verisimilitude of such theories, and identify (...)
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  6. Beauty, a road to the truth.Theo A. F. Kuipers - 2002 - Synthese 131 (3):291-328.
    In this article I give a naturalistic-cum-formal analysis of therelation between beauty, empirical success, and truth. The analysis is based on the onehand on a hypothetical variant of the so-called `mere-exposure effect'' which has been more orless established in experimental psychology regarding exposure-affect relationshipsin general and aesthetic appreciation in particular (Zajonc 1968; Temme 1983; Bornstein 1989;Ye 2000). On the other hand it is based on the formal theory of truthlikeness andtruth approximation as presented in my From Instrumentalism to Constructive Realism (...)
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  7. Abduction aiming at empirical progress or even truth approximation leading to a challenge for computational modelling.Theo A. F. Kuipers - 1999 - Foundations of Science 4 (3):307-323.
    This paper primarily deals with theconceptual prospects for generalizing the aim ofabduction from the standard one of explainingsurprising or anomalous observations to that ofempirical progress or even truth approximation. Itturns out that the main abduction task then becomesthe instrumentalist task of theory revision aiming atan empirically more successful theory, relative to theavailable data, but not necessarily compatible withthem. The rest, that is, genuine empirical progress aswell as observational, referential and theoreticaltruth approximation, is a matter of evaluation andselection, and possibly new (...)
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  8.  97
    Two types of inductive analogy by similarity.Theo A. F. Kuipers - 1984 - Erkenntnis 21 (1):63 - 87.
    In section I the notions of logical and inductive probability will be discussed as well as two explicanda, viz. degree of confirmation, the base for inductive probability, and degree of evidential support, Popper's favourite explicandum. In section II it will be argued that Popper's paradox of ideal evidence is no paradox at all; however, it will also be shown that Popper's way out has its own merits.
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  9.  10
    Studies in Inductive Probability and Rational Expectation.Theo A. F. Kuipers - 1978 - Dordrecht, Netherland: Reidel.
    3 in philosophy, and therefore in metaphilosophy, cannot be based on rules that avoid spending time on pseudo-problems. Of course, this implies that, if one succeeds in demonstrating convincingly the pseudo-character of a problem by giving its 'solution', the time spent on it need not be seen as wasted. We conclude this section with a brief statement of the criteria for concept explication as they have been formulated in several places by Carnap, Hempel and Stegmiiller. Hempel's account is still very (...)
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  10.  72
    A coherent trio of, distance and size based, measures for nomic and actual truthlikeness.Theo A. F. Kuipers - 2023 - Synthese 201 (2):1-31.
    So far, the most prominent measure for actual truthlikeness, i.e. the likeness of a theory to the actual truth, is Ilkka Niiniluoto’s minsum definition, which is purely based on distances. A competing definition is the average distance measure proposed by Pavel Tichy and Graham Oddie. We will define three related, distance and size based, measures for actual truthlikeness and compare them with the two well-known options. However, we will start, Sect. 2, from a trio of such measures for nomic truthlikeness. (...)
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  11.  17
    Structures in Science: Heuristic Patterns Based on Cognitive Structures An Advanced Textbook in Neo-Classical Philosophy of Science.Theo A. F. Kuipers - 2001 - Dordrecht, Netherland: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
    The philosophy of science has lost its self-confidence, witness the lack of advanced textbooks in contrast to the abundance of elementary textbooks. Structures in Science is an advanced textbook that explicates, updates, accommodates, and integrates the best insights of logical-empiricism and its main critics. This `neo-classical approach' aims at providing heuristic patterns for research. The book introduces four ideal types of research programs and reanimates the distinction between observational laws and proper theories. It explicates various patterns of explanation by subsumption (...)
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  12. Basic and Refined Nomic Truth Approximation by Evidence-Guided Belief Revision in AGM-Terms.Theo A. F. Kuipers - 2011 - Erkenntnis 75 (2):223-236.
    Straightforward theory revision, taking into account as effectively as possible the established nomic possibilities and, on their basis induced empirical laws, is conducive for (unstratified) nomic truth approximation. The question this paper asks is: is it possible to reconstruct the relevant theory revision steps, on the basis of incoming evidence, in AGM-terms? A positive answer will be given in two rounds, first for the case in which the initial theory is compatible with the established empirical laws, then for the case (...)
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  13. (1 other version)The periodic table — its formalization, status, and relation to atomic theory.Hinne Hettema & Theo A. F. Kuipers - 1988 - Erkenntnis 28 (3):387-408.
  14.  58
    Models, postulates, and generalized nomic truth approximation.Theo A. F. Kuipers - 2016 - Synthese 193 (10).
    The qualitative theory of nomic truth approximation, presented in Kuipers in his, in which ‘the truth’ concerns the distinction between nomic, e.g. physical, possibilities and impossibilities, rests on a very restrictive assumption, viz. that theories always claim to characterize the boundary between nomic possibilities and impossibilities. Fully recognizing two different functions of theories, viz. excluding and representing, this paper drops this assumption by conceiving theories in development as tuples of postulates and models, where the postulates claim to exclude nomic impossibilities (...)
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  15.  43
    General philosophy of science.Theo A. F. Kuipers (ed.) - 2007 - London: North Holland.
    While the special volumes of the series of Handbooks of the Philosophy of Science address topics relative to a specific discipline, this general volume deals ...
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  16.  16
    Conceptual Concretization.Theo A. F. Kuipers - 2023 - Organon F: Medzinárodný Časopis Pre Analytickú Filozofiu 30 (2):153-159.
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  17. An erotetic approach to explanation by specification.Theo A. F. Kuipers & Andrzej Wiśniewski - 1994 - Erkenntnis 40 (3):377 - 402.
    In earlier publications of the first author it was shown that intentional explanation of actions, functional explanation of biological traits and causal explanation of abnormal events share a common structure. They are called explanation by specification (of a goal, a biological function, an abnormal causal factor, respectively) as opposed to explanation by subsumption under a law. Explanation by specification is guided by a schematic train of thought, of which the argumentative steps not concerning questions were already shown to be logically (...)
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  18. Explication in Philosophy of Science.Theo A. F. Kuipers - 2007 - In Handbook of the Philosophy of Science. General Philosophy of Science--Focal Issues. Elsevier: Amsterdam.
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  19.  40
    The reduction of phenomenological to kinetic thermostatics.Theo A. F. Kuipers - 1982 - Philosophy of Science 49 (1):107-119.
    Standard accounts of the micro-reduction of phenomenological to kinetic thermostatics, based on the postulate relating empirical absolute temperature to mean kinetic energy ū=(3/2)kT, face two problems. The standard postulate also allows 'reduction' in the other direction and it can be criticized from the point of view that reduction postulates need to be ontological identities. This paper presents a detailed account of the reduction, based on the postulate that thermal equilibrium is ontologically identical to having equal mean kinetic energy. In particular, (...)
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  20.  51
    Truth approximation by concretization in capital structure theory. Kuipers, Theo A. F., Cools, Kees & Hamminga, Bert - 1994 - In Bert Hamminga & Neil De Marchi (eds.), Idealization Vi: Idealization in Economics. Rodopi. pp. 205--228.
    This paper supplies a structuralist reconstruction of the Modigliani-Miller theory and shows that the economic literature following their results reports on research with an implicit strategy to come "closer-to-the-truth" in the modern technical sense in philosophy of science.
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  21.  24
    Reductions of laws and concepts. Kuipers, Theo A. F. - unknown
  22. Some estimates of the optimum inductive method.Theo A. F. Kuipers - 1986 - Erkenntnis 24 (1):37 - 46.
    In section I the notions of logical and inductive probability will be discussed as well as two explicanda, viz. degree of confirmation, the base for inductive probability, and degree of evidential support, Popper's favourite explicandum. In section II it will be argued that Popper's paradox of ideal evidence is no paradox at all; however, it will also be shown that Popper's way out has its own merits.
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  23.  37
    (1 other version)Theories looking for domains. Fact or fiction? Reversing structuralist truth approximation.Theo A. F. Kuipers - unknown
    The structuralist theory of truth approximation essen-tially deals with truth approximation by theory revision for a fixed domain. However, variable domains can also be taken into account, where the main changes concern domain extensions and restrictions. In this paper I will present a coherent set of definitions of “more truth-likeness”, “empirical progress” and “truth approximation” due to a revision of the domain of intended applications. This set of definitions seems to be the natural counterpart of the basic definitions of similar (...)
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  24.  36
    Empirical Progress and Truth Approximation by the ‘Hypothetico-Probabilistic Method’.Theo A. F. Kuipers - 2009 - Erkenntnis 70 (3):313-330.
    Three related intuitions are explicated in this paper. The first is the idea that there must be some kind of probabilistic version of the HD-method, a 'Hypothetico-Probabilistic method', in terms of something like probabilistic consequences, instead of deductive consequences. According to the second intuition, the comparative application of this method should also be functional for some probabilistic kind of empirical progress, and according to the third intuition this should be functional for something like probabilistic truth approximation. In all three cases, (...)
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  25.  36
    Truthlikeness and the Number of Planets.Theo A. F. Kuipers - 2024 - Journal of Philosophical Logic 53 (2):493-520.
    Examples of hypotheses about the number of planets are frequently used to introduce the topic of (actual) truthlikeness but never analyzed in detail. In this paper we first deal with the truthlikeness of singular quantity hypotheses, with reference to several ‘the number of planets’ examples, such as ‘The number of planets is 10 _versus_ 10 billion (instead of 8).’ For the relevant ratio scale of quantities we will propose two, strongly related, normalized metrics, the proportional metric and the (simplest and (...)
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  26. Sommerfeld’s A tombau : a case study in potential truth approximation.Hinne Hettema & Theo A. F. Kuipers - 1995 - In Hinne Hettema & Theo A. F. Kuipers (eds.), Sommerfeld's Atombau: a case of potential truth approximation. Poznan. pp. 273-297.
     
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  27. Sommerfeld's Atombau: a case of potential truth approximation.Hinne Hettema & Theo A. F. Kuipers - 1995 - In Hinne Hettema & Theo A. F. Kuipers (eds.), Cognitive Patterns in Science and Common Sense: Groningen Studies in Philosophy of Science, Logic and Epistemology.
     
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  28.  60
    Design research programs and the logic of their development.Theo A. F. Kuipers, Rein Vos & Hauke Sie - 1992 - Erkenntnis 37 (1):37 - 63.
    Design research programs attempt to bring together the properties of available materials and the demands derived from intended applications. The logic of problem states and state transitions in such programs, including assessment criteria and heuristic principles, is described in settheoretic terms, starting with a naive model comprising an intended profile and the operational profile of a prototype. In a first concretization the useful distinction between structural and functional properties is built into the model. In two further concretizations the inclusion of (...)
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  29.  22
    Refined nomic truth approximation by revising models and postulates.Theo A. F. Kuipers - 2020 - Synthese 197 (4):1601-1625.
    Assuming that the target of theory oriented empirical science in general and of nomic truth approximation in particular is to characterize the boundary or demarcation between nomic possibilities and nomic impossibilities, I have presented, in my article entitled “Models, postulates, and generalized nomic truth approximation” :3057–3077, 2016. 10.1007/s11229-015-0916-9), the ‘basic’ version of generalized nomic truth approximation, starting from ‘two-sided’ theories. Its main claim is that nomic truth approximation can perfectly be achieved by combining two prima facie opposing views on theories: (...)
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  30.  23
    Inductive Analogy in Carnapian Spirit.Theo A. F. Kuipers - 1984 - PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association 1984:157 - 167.
    In this paper it is shown that there is a natural way of dealing with analogy by similarity in inductive systems by extending intuitive ways of introduction of systems without analogy. This procedure leads to Carnap-like systems, with zero probability for contingent generalizations, satisfying a general principle of so-called virtual analogy. This new principle is different from, but compatible with, Carnap's principle. It will be shown that the latter principle is satisfied, and should only be satisfied, if the underlying distance (...)
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  31.  83
    On the generalization of the continuum of inductive methods to universal hypotheses.Theo A. F. Kuipers - 1978 - Synthese 37 (3):255 - 284.
  32. The dual foundation of qualitative truth approximation.Theo A. F. Kuipers - 1997 - Erkenntnis 47 (2):145-179.
    The main formal notion involved in qualitative truth approximation by the HD-method, viz. ‘more truthlike’, is shown to not only have, by its definition, an intuitively appealing ‘model foundation’, but also, at least partially, a conceptually plausible ‘consequence foundation’. Moreover, combining the relevant parts of both leads to a very appealing ‘dual foundation’, the more so since the relevant methodological notions, viz. ‘more successful’ and its ingredients provided by the HD-method, can be given a similar dual foundation. According to the (...)
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  33. Verstehen, einfhlen and mental simulation: Reply to Anne Rugh Mackor.Theo A. F. Kuipers - 2005 - In Cognitive Structures in Scientific Inquiry: Essays in Debate with Theo Kuipers. New York: Rodopi NY. pp. 263-267.
     
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  34. Handbook of the Philosophy of Science. General Philosophy of Science--Focal Issues.Theo A. F. Kuipers (ed.) - 2007 - Elsevier: Amsterdam.
  35.  40
    The Courage of Doing Philosophy: Essays Dedicated to Leszek Nowak.Jerzy Brzezinski, Andrzej Klawiter, Theo A. F. Kuipers, Krzysztof Lastowski, Katarzyna Paprzycka & Piotr Przybysz (eds.) - 2007 - Rodopi.
    Table of ContentsAndrzej KLAWITER, Krzystof #ASTOWSKI: Introduction: Originality, Courage and Responsibility List of Books by Leszek NowakSelected Bibliography of Leszek Nowak's WritingsScience and Idealization Theo A.F. KUIPERS: On Two ...
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  36. Cognitive Patterns in Science and Common Sense: Groningen Studies in Philosophy of Science, Logic and Epistemology.Hinne Hettema & Theo A. F. Kuipers - 1995
  37.  12
    Cognitive Patterns in Science and Common Sense: Groningen Studies in Philosophy of Science, Logic, and Epistemology.Theo A. F. Kuipers & Anne Ruth Mackor - 1995 - Rodopi.
    This collection of 17 articles offers an overview of the philosophical activities of a group of philosophers (who have been) working at the Groningen University. The meta-methodological assumption which unifies the research of this group, holds that there is a way to do philosophy which is a middle course between abstract normative philosophy of science and descriptive social studies of science. On the one hand it is argued with social studies of science that philosophy should take notice of what scientists (...)
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  38. Logic in service of philosophy of science: Reply to Isabella Burger and Johannes Heidema.Theo A. F. Kuipers - 2005 - Poznan Studies in the Philosophy of the Sciences and the Humanities 83 (1):489-492.
  39.  24
    Explanation by intentional, functional, and causal specification.Theo A. F. Kuipers - 1996 - Poznan Studies in the Philosophy of the Sciences and the Humanities 47:209-236.
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  40. What Remains of Carnap's Program Today?Theo A. F. Kuipers - 1984 - Epistemologia 7:121.
  41. Structures in scientific cognition: A synopsis of structures in science. Heuristic patterns based on cognitive structures. An advanced textbook in neo-classical philosophy of science.Theo A. F. Kuipers - 2005 - Poznan Studies in the Philosophy of the Sciences and the Humanities 84 (1):23-92.
    The philosophy of science has lost its self-confidence. Structures in Science (2001) is an advanced textbook that explicates, updates and integrates the best insights of logical empiricism and its main critics. This "neo-classical approach" aims at providing heuristic patterns for research.The book introduces four ideal types of research programs (descriptive, explanatory, design and explicative) and reanimates the distinction between observational laws and proper theories without assuming a theory-free language. It explicates various patterns of explanation by subsumption and specification as well (...)
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  42. Qualitative and quantitative inference to the best theory: Reply to Ilkka Niiniluoto.Theo A. F. Kuipers - 2005 - Poznan Studies in the Philosophy of the Sciences and the Humanities 83 (1):276-280.
  43. The threefold evaluation of theories: A synopsis of from instrumentalism to constructive realism. On some relations between confirmation, empirical progress, and truth approximation (2000).Theo A. F. Kuipers - 2005 - Poznan Studies in the Philosophy of the Sciences and the Humanities 83 (1):23-85.
    Surprisingly enough, modified versions of the confirmation theory of Carnap and Hempel and the truth approximation theory of Popper turn out to be smoothly synthesizable. The glue between confirmation and truth approximation appears to be the instrumentalist methodology, rather than the falsificationist one.By evaluating theories separately and comparatively in terms of their successes and problems (hence even if they are already falsified), the instrumentalist methodology provides – both in theory and in practice – the straight route for short-term empirical progress (...)
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  44. A realist partner for Linda: confirming a theoretical hypothesis more than its observational sub-hypothesis.Theo A. F. Kuipers - 2012 - Synthese 184 (1):63-71.
    It is argued that the conjunction effect has a disjunctive analog of strong interest for the realism–antirealism debate. It is possible that a proper theory is more confirmed than its (more probable) observational sub-theory and hence than the latter’s disjunctive equivalent, i.e., the disjunction of all proper theories that are empirically equivalent to the given one. This is illustrated by a toy model.
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  45. (1 other version)A generalization of Carnap's inductive logic.Theo A. F. Kuipers - 1973 - Synthese 25 (3-4):334 - 336.
    In section I the notions of logical and inductive probability will be discussed as well as two explicanda, viz. degree of confirmation, the base for inductive probability, and degree of evidential support, Popper's favourite explicandum. In section II it will be argued that Popper's paradox of ideal evidence is no paradox at all; however, it will also be shown that Popper's way out has its own merits.
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  46.  52
    An approximation of Carnap's optimum estimation method.Theo A. F. Kuipers - 1984 - Synthese 61 (3):361 - 362.
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  47.  52
    A brand new type of inductive logic: Reply to Diderik Batens.Theo A. F. Kuipers - 2005 - Poznan Studies in the Philosophy of the Sciences and the Humanities 83 (1):248-252.
    In section I the notions of logical and inductive probability will be discussed as well as two explicanda, viz. degree of confirmation, the base for inductive probability, and degree of evidential support, Popper's favourite explicandum. In section II it will be argued that Popper's paradox of ideal evidence is no paradox at all; however, it will also be shown that Popper's way out has its own merits.
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  48.  27
    Aesthetic induction versus coherence: Reply to Paul Thagard.Theo A. F. Kuipers - 2005 - Poznan Studies in the Philosophy of the Sciences and the Humanities 84 (1):371-374.
  49.  17
    Approaching probabilistic and deterministic nomic truths in an inductive probabilistic way.Theo A. F. Kuipers - 2021 - Synthese 199 (3-4):8001-8028.
    Theories of truth approximation in terms of truthlikeness almost always deal with approaching deterministic truths, either actual or nomic. This paper deals first with approaching a probabilistic nomic truth, viz. a true probability distribution. It assumes a multinomial probabilistic context, hence with a lawlike true, but usually unknown, probability distribution. We will first show that this true multinomial distribution can be approached by Carnapian inductive probabilities. Next we will deal with the corresponding deterministic nomic truth, that is, the set of (...)
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  50.  96
    Another start for abduction aiming at empirical progress: Reply to joke Meheus.Theo A. F. Kuipers - 2005 - Poznan Studies in the Philosophy of the Sciences and the Humanities 83 (1):218-220.
    This paper primarily deals with the conceptual prospects for generalizing the aim of abduction from the standard one of explaining surprising or anomalous observations to that of empirical progress or even truth approximation. It turns out that the main abduction task then becomes the instrumentalist task of theory revision aiming at an empirically more successful theory, relative to the available data, but not necessarily compatible with them. The rest, that is, genuine empirical progress as well as observational, referential and theoretical (...)
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