The Web 2.0, with online social technologies such as social networking services, blogs, wikis, or microbloging, has brought the vision of the Internet as a social landscape in which people are engaged in a multitude of social activities. This editorial of the special issue ‘Social Web and Identity’ discusses the importance of identity in the context of the Social Web, introducing the different papers of this special issue and the different aspects associated to these online identities. The topics covered in (...) this issue include how people define their identity in blogs and what is the articulation between online and offline identities in these systems. It also presents an article studying the privacy issues in online social networks and more specifically how these risks are perceived and how people can control their identity in this context. The next article compares privacy in two different categories of social systems (social network and collaborative workspace). Finally, another article discusses to what extent the current legislation, such the data protection regulations directive 95/46/EC, is providing the right instrument for dealing with privacy issues. (shrink)

À l'occasion du projet d'informatisation du contrôle aérien civil qui débute en 1961, une équipe de psychologues est associée aux ingénieurs chargés de la réalisation du nouveau système pour l'adapter aux conditions particulières du travail des « aiguilleurs du ciel ». Cette collaboration permet à l'ergonomie de l'informatique de forger ses premiers concepts et de les appliquer au Cautra . Hébergés dès 1969 par l'Institut de recherche en informatique et en automatique , l'équipe d'André Bisseret découvre les difficultés du travail (...) transdisciplinaire avec une communauté informaticienne se défiant de cette irruption incompréhensible de psychologues sur son territoire de compétence. Ces conflits, incompréhensions et rencontres manquées n'empêchent pas l'ergonomie de développer ses recherches autour des notions d'utilisateur et d'interface et de proposer des réponses aux interrogations et aux angoisses que l'ordinateur fait naître dans le grand public dès le milieu des années 1970.On the occasion of the computerization project of civil air traffic control starting in 1961, a team of psychologists is associated with the engineers responsible for implementation of the new system to adapt to the unique circumstances of the "air traffic". This collaboration enables the ergonomics of the computer first forging his concepts and apply them to Cautra . Hosted in 1969 by the Institute for Research in Computer Science and Control , André Bisseret team discovers the difficulties of working with an interdisciplinary community informaticienne distrustful of this irruption incomprehensible psychologists on its jurisdiction. These conflicts, misunderstandings and missed connections do not prevent the development of ergonomics research around the concepts of user interface and provide answers to questions and anxieties that the computer gives rise to the general public from the mid-1970s. (shrink)

Les Confessions de Jean-Jacques Rousseau prétendent écarter tout précédent mais le modèle, pour être refusé, est bien là: celles d' Augustin relatent déjà les premières rencontres avec le Mal. Ces rencontres doivent, pour Rousseau, aboutir à sa disculpation, cela au prix de la tâche impossible et sans cesse réitérée d'être, en l'absence de Dieu, tant l'instance qui juge que celui qui est jugé. Rousseau's claim, in the Confessions, that he aims at "an undertaking which has no precedent" is unconvincing, since (...) he echoes Augustine's own Confessions. Both books cope with the question of Evil, both display narratives of early encounters with it. But Rousseau's endeavour to prove himself at all times guiltless jeopardizes his goal of showing a man in all the truth of his nature. (shrink)

Que Burke se soit vu rapproché de Rousseau peut déconcerter : l'intéressé d'abord, sans doute, le lecteur des deux ensuite. Burke fait en effet de Rousseau le responsable sur le plan de la moralité des divagations et des excès de l'époque révolutionnaire et lui confère ainsi la dimension d'un Contre-éducateur. Le rapprochement cependant n'est pas inconcevable à partir du moment où chez tous deux l'écart se marque avec les théories contractualistes et où l'on prend en compte la conception organique que (...) se fait Burke du corps social. Mais Rousseau est un bien médiocre théoricien à ses yeux et ses talents littéraires sont nettement plus dévastateurs. Ce qu'il fait des passions humaines provoque l'irruption de la sentimentalité intempérée dans le champ du politique et cet effet est bien plus décisif pour le juger. La réponse de Burke est donc morale; cela fait qu'il peut se dispenser d'une réfutation — qui aurait pu être plus délicate — des thèses politiques.It must have seemed strange enough for Burke to be told that there was a deep agreement between himself and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Rousseau's ideas are for Burke the storehouse of revolutionary morals and the Nouvelle Héloïse provides the members of the National Assembly with a convenient textbook. This kind of thinking is unfit, in Burke's eyes, for a serious perusal and his followers must be hold in disgust. Nevertheless, likes and dislikes are not satisfactory explanations and as Burke is, even unwillingly, a political philosopher, he needed to be compared to Rousseau on some essential topics : the general will, the organic nature of society, the critique of contractualism. (shrink)

Do monkeys and apes display ‘elements of rudimentary moral systems'? If these elements correspond to individual abilities, it could be misleading to label them moral. The prosocial abilities of non-human primates may just constitute the foundations necessary to the emergence of morality in human beings, yet their Darwinian significance should be explained on their own, without reference to their possible functions in human beings. On the other hand, if moral elements refer to parts of moral systems, this implies the development (...) of shared norms through cultural evolution. In this respect, the absence of communication about mental representations forbids the directional transmission of learned social rules in non-human primates. (shrink)

High propensities to form coalitions and to negotiate and prevent conflict escalation may be found in monkeys as in great apes. However, there is no evidence that non-human primate communities intend to suppress individual power that grows too strong. Qualifying as protomoral those abilities needed to keep low the dominance gradient is not useful. When communication about social norms appeared in some hominids, it would not have been limited to sanctions against domination.

Abstract An anonymous manuscript from the fourteenth or early fifteenth century, recently discovered, apparently transmitted Thierry of Chartres's philosophical theology to Nicholas of Cusa around 1440. Yet the author of the treatise is not endorsing Thierry's views, as both Cusanus and modern readers have assumed, but in fact is writing in order to refute them. Curiously the author never mentions Thierry's best known triad of unitas, aequalitas and conexio . But a careful comparison of the structure of (...) the author's argument to Thierry's extant works shows that the author was nevertheless quite familiar with the Breton master's writings. The reatise's author offers an incisive critique of Thierry's theory of “four modes of being“ and rejects two of the modes in particular. From this new perspective, the manuscript can be valued as the first known evidence of Thierry of Chartres's late medieval reception. (shrink)

In a poetic conversation with Thierry Zarcone, the painter and calligrapher Fabienne Verdier exposes her deep and harmonious connection to nature. She tells of her garden, her house and her osmosis with nature. Painting is to her an art of living and being that recalls the Tao masters as well as some Christan mystics.

This book uncovers the lost history of Christianity's encounters with Pythagorean ideas before the Renaissance. David Albertson skillfully examines ancient and medieval theologians, particularly Thierry of Chartres and Nicholas of Cusa, who successfully reconceived the Trinity and the Incarnation within the framework of Greek number theory. David Albertson challenges modern assumptions about the complex relationship between religion and science.

In this essay, the author examines the problem of the composition of spiritual substances in Thierry of Chartres and Gundissalinus. While Thierry is reticent to admit a hylomorphism in spiritual creatures, Gundissalinus develops Thierry’s thought on the matter through al-Ghazālī’s and Ibn Daud’s treatment of the composition in spiritual substances. Gundissalinus concludes that spiritual creatures are composed of matter and form, a conclusion that would be unacceptable to his main philosophical authorities.

A partir de la expresión Amado de mi alma, Guillermo de Saint Thierry subraya uno de los elementos principales de su doctrina espiritual. A partir de la Expositio in Canticum Canticorum, nuestro autor comenta cómo la Esposa elogia al Esposo a través de esta fórmula, confiriéndole en ello, un sentido particular en la relación de los amados; pues este amor tiene un cierto gusto de aquel a quien busca: sensum quemdam. Amor que es comunicado al hombre para que él (...) ame a Dios, como Dios se ama. Por ello, la Esposa dice a los centinelas: "¿Habéis visto al amado de mi alma?". Estas palabras no solo denotan su afecto, sino permiten considerar que el alma misma experimenta la presencia de Dios. Guillermo de Saint Thierry ofrece una analogía en la que intenta transmitir que en esta comprensión del amor, el amante se transforma en el amado. From the expression Beloved of my soul, William of Saint-Thierry highlights one of the main elements of his spiritual doctrine. From Expositio in Canticum Canticorum, the author comments how the Bride praises the Bridegroom through this formula, thus giving it a particular sense in relation to the beloved ones because this love somehow likes the one he looks for: sensum quemdam; love that is communicated to man so that he can love God, as God loves himself. For this, the Bride says to the sentinels: "Have you seen the beloved of my soul"? These words do not only reveal her affection, but also allow considering that the soul itself experiences the presence of God. William of Saint-Thierry offers and analogy to transmit that, in this comprehension of love, the lover becomes the beloved one. (shrink)