This volume deals with the appropriations, criticism and transformation of Plato’s and Aristotle’s positions about theory, practice and the contemplative life, including their epistemological and metaphysical foundations, from ...
This paper draws a parallel between two contemporary French conceptions of sociology. Each is first considered in terms of the principles and strategies of its sociological method. Through an analogy with Marx's philosophy of social science, critical sociology is shown to make an heuristic use for the analysis of cultures and social structures of the resistance to sociology that the sociologist encounters in the social objects, whereas pragmatic sociology adopts a pluralistic and descriptive strategy towards actions, actors and things. The (...) paper then tries to show how common interests or trading zones could allow both critical and pragmatic sociology to profit from their competitive relation by taking each other as objects of sociological analysis. (shrink)
Ancient dialectic started as an art of refutation and evolved into a science akin to our logic, grammar and linguistics. Scholars of ancient philosophy have traditionally focused on Plato's and Aristotle's dialectic without paying much attention to the diverse conceptions and uses of dialectic presented by philosophers after the classical period. To bridge this gap, this volume aims at a comprehensive understanding of the competing Hellenistic and Imperial definitions of dialectic and their connections with those of the classical period. It (...) starts from the Megaric school of the fourth century BCE and the early Peripatetics, via Epicurus, the Stoics, the Academic sceptics and Cicero, to Sextus Empiricus and Galen in the second century CE. The philosophical foundations and various uses of dialectic are closely analysed and systematically examined together with the numerous objections that were raised against them. (shrink)
Le stoïcisme est une philosophie née de la pratique et faite pour être appliquée. Toutes les doctrines antiques, si elles s’articulent à une manière de vivre, ne le font pas de manière aussi immédiate et rigoureuse. Cette étude s’emploie à le montrer en exhumant la théorie de la pratique implicite du stoïcisme, c’est-à-dire son analyse des conditions, des paramètres, des normes et des possibilités de transformation de nos activités.Pour ce faire, on suit le fil directeur d’un petit mot banal, « (...) l’usage » dans les textes et fragments stoïciens. Grâce à lui, on examine les divergences pratiques entre lesstoïciens et Socrate, Platon, Aristote ou Épicure, et on parcourt l’ensemble du système stoïcien, de la théologie à la morale appliquée, en passant par la cosmologie, la zoologie, la psychologie, la logique, la pédagogie et tous les aspects de l’éthique. Nos organes et nos facultés, les bienfaits de la Nature, la raison et l’argumentation, les vertus, ainsi que les circonstances, moyens et buts de nos conduites s’avèrent en effet tous et toujours susceptibles d’un ou plusieurs usages, que la philosophie cherche à répertorier et à organiser. Synthèse pratique de notre passivité par rapport à la providence et de notre activité par rapport au monde, l’usage est ainsi pour les stoïciens le site instable où se joue l’ajustement de l’homme à sa nature et à la Nature. (shrink)
While Epictetus’ Diatribai are not an ethical treatise, but aim chiefly at urging and training pupils to practice philosophy, they can also be used to reconstruct Epictetus’ positions about some of the questions raised within the Stoa after Zeno. This paper focuses on the problem of the contribution of indifferent things to happiness and of the relationship between virtue and these indifferents. Against scholars claiming that Epictetus shared Aristo of Chios’ heterodox indifferentism, it is shown that Epictetus upholds Chrysippus’ ethical (...) doctrine of the telos and acknowledges that some indifferents are natural or have ‘value’ and should not be despised or ignored. In making this point, Epictetus uses the concept of ‘good reasonning’ about value which can be traced back to Diogenes of Seleucia. Moreover, when he describes how we can reach the goal of life through our natural faculties, Epictetus might also borrow Panetius’ explanation of the telos. (shrink)
Socratis et Socraticorum Reliquiae Source presents the transcription of the collection of testimonies about Socrates and Socratics (Socratis et Socraticorum Reliquiae) originally edited by G. Giannantoni. -/- The site enable users to access texts, exploit resources, and perform queries. Notes, additional information and a legenda for a better access to the texts are also available. -/- The publication is peer-reviewed and aspire to meet the highest quality standards. The content of the site and its internet addresses are stable and can (...) be freely consulted and used for scholarly purposes. -/- The site will be soon open for semantically enrich the data published on the websites. A use of peer-to-peer (p2p) networking will also provide an efficient and engaging collaborative work space. (shrink)
