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  1. Sceptical Scenarios Are Not Error-Possibilities.Tim Kraft - 2013 - Erkenntnis 78 (1):59-72.
    On a common view of scenario-based sceptical arguments sceptical scenarios are error-possibilities, i.e. their point is to introduce the possibility of having only false beliefs. However, global error is impossible for purely logical/conceptual reasons: Even if one’s beliefs are consistent, the negations of one’s beliefs need not be consistent as well. My paper deals with the question of what the consequences of this result are. Two attempts at repairing scenario-based sceptical arguments within the framework of understanding sceptical scenarios as error-possibilities (...)
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  2. Epistemological Disjunctivism’s Genuine Access Problem.Tim Kraft - 2015 - Theoria 81 (4):311-332.
    Epistemological disjunctivism, as defended by, for example, McDowell, Neta and Pritchard, is the view that epistemic justification can be – and in paradigmatic cases of perceptual knowledge actually is – both factive and reflectively accessible. One major problem for this view is the access problem: apparently, epistemological disjunctivism entails that ordinary external world propositions can be known by reflection alone. According to epistemological disjunctivism, seeing that the sun is shining is reflectively accessible and seeing that the sun is shining entails (...)
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  3. Scepticism, Infallibilism, Fallibilism.Tim Kraft - 2012 - Discipline Filosofiche 22 (2):49-70.
    The relation of scepticism to infallibilism and fallibilism is a contested issue. In this paper I argue that Cartesian sceptical arguments, i.e. sceptical arguments resting on sceptical scenarios, are neither tied to infallibilism nor collapse into fallibilism. I interpret the distinction between scepticism and fallibilism as a scope distinction. According to fallibilism, each belief could be false, but according to scepticism all beliefs could be false at the same time. However, to put this distinction to work sceptical scenarios have to (...)
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  4.  60
    How to Read the Tractatus Sequentially.Tim Kraft - 2016 - Nordic Wittgenstein Review 5 (2):91-124.
    One of the unconventional features of Wittgenstein’s _Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus_ is its use of an elaborated and detailed numbering system. Recently, Bazzocchi, Hacker und Kuusela have argued that the numbering system means that the _Tractatus_ must be read and interpreted not as a sequentially ordered book, but as a text with a two-dimensional, tree-like structure. Apart from being able to explain how the _Tractatus_ was composed, the tree reading allegedly solves exegetical issues both on the local and the global level. This (...)
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  5.  98
    Defending the Ignorance View of Sceptical Scenarios.Tim Kraft - 2015 - International Journal for the Study of Skepticism 5 (4):269-295.
    What is the role of sceptical scenarios—dreams, evil demons, brains in a vat—in scep- tical arguments? According to the error view, sceptical scenarios illustrate the possibil- ity of massive falsity in one’s beliefs, whereas according to the ignorance view, they illustrate the possibility of massive ignorance not necessarily due to falsity. In this paper, the ignorance view is defended by surveying the arguments in favour of it and by replying to two pressing objections against it. According to the first objection, (...)
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  6. Was ist Nichtwissen?Tim Kraft & Hans Rott - 2019 - In Gunnar Duttge & Christian Lenk (eds.), Das sogenannte Recht auf Nichtwissen: Normatives Fundament und anwendungspraktische Geltungskraft. Brill Mentis. pp. 21-48.
    The negation thesis concerning ignorance ("Nichtwissen") states that someone is ignorant about p if and only if she is does not know that p, or briefly, that ignorance is the negation of knowledge. We argue that there are no compelling arguments against the negation thesis. Even though, depending on the context of the conversation, the focus of an ascription of ignorance will be on one of the conditions for knowledge, all four types of ignorance are possible: ignorance due to falsity, (...)
     
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  7.  47
    Warum Wissen nicht der allgemeinste faktive mentale Zustand ist.Tim Kraft - 2011 - Grazer Philosophische Studien 83 (1):33-65.
    In Knowledge and its Limits (2000) Williamson defends not only the negative claim that knowledge cannot be analysed, but also the positive claim that knowledge is the most general factive mental state. In this paper two objections to the positive claim are presented: First, knowledge is not more general than e. g. seeing. After discussing several alleged examples of seeing without knowing a new example is offered. Although both seeing and knowing are incompatible with luck, they are incompatible with different (...)
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  8.  12
    Brains in a VAT and memory: How (not) to respond to Putnam's argument.Tim Kraft - 2020 - Belgrade Philosophical Annual 1 (33):39-53.
    Putnam's argument that we are not brains in a VAT has recently seen a resurgence in interest. Although objections to it are legion, an emerging consensus seems to be that even if it successfully refutes one version of the brain in a VAT scenario, lifelong envatment, it is powerless against a different one, recent envatment. Although initially appealing, I argue in this paper that this response-merely replacing lifelong envatment by recent envatment-is a bad response to Putnam's argument. Yet there is (...)
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  9.  12
    Logik und Geschlecht? Empirische Daten zu Logikeinführungen im Philosophiestudium an deutschen Universitäten1.Tim Kraft - 2023 - Zeitschrift für Philosophische Forschung 77 (3):321-346.
    Although the underrepresentation of women in academic philosophy is well-known and hard to overlook, philosophers started to pay more attention to the actual data on and potential explanations of the underrepresentation of women in philosophy only in the last decade and predominately in anglophone countries. The data I present in this paper deal with introductory logic courses at German universities (gender of textbook authors, gender of logic course instructors, student grades by gender at one university). Two results are particularly noteworthy: (...)
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  10.  8
    Kripkes Wittgensteins Skeptische Lösung Und Die Metaphysik Des Meinens.Tim Kraft - 2010 - In Martin Grajner & Adolf Rami (eds.), Wahrheit, Bedeutung, Existenz. Ontos. pp. 125-180.
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  11.  60
    Transmission arguments against knowledge closure are still fallacious.Tim Kraft - 2014 - Synthese 191 (12):2617-2632.
    Transmission arguments against closure of knowledge base the case against closure on the premise that a necessary condition for knowledge is not closed. Warfield argues that this kind of argument is fallacious whereas Brueckner, Murphy and Yan try to rescue it. According to them, the transmission argument is no longer fallacious once an implicit assumption is made explicit. I defend Warfield’s objection by arguing that the various proposals for the unstated assumption either do not avoid the fallacy or turn the (...)
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  12.  27
    Oughts and Thoughts: Rule‐Following and the Normativity of Content, by Anandi Hattiangadi. [REVIEW]Tim Kraft - 2009 - European Journal of Philosophy 17 (2):336-341.
  13.  38
    Die subtile Kunst des Ist-mir-nicht-egal (was andere denken). [REVIEW]Tim Kraft - 2020 - Deutsche Zeitschrift für Philosophie 68 (6):977-982.
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  14.  26
    Buchkritik: Überzeugung und Wahrheit. [REVIEW]Tim Kraft - 2012 - Deutsche Zeitschrift für Philosophie 60 (5):821-825.
    Jochen Briesen: Skeptische Paradoxa. Die philosophische Skepsis, kognitive Projekte und der epistemische Konsequentialismus. Mentis Verlag, Paderborn 2012, 341 S.
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  15.  22
    Nikil Mukerji, Adriano Mannino: Covid-19: Was in der Krise zählt. Über Philosophie in Echtzeit: Stuttgart: Reclam 2020, ISBN 978-3-15-014053-6, 120 Seiten, 6 €. [REVIEW]Tim Kraft - 2020 - Zeitschrift Für Ethik Und Moralphilosophie 3 (2):353-361.
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