We have developed a new method to assess the movement of particles in different steps of a well-calibrated sequential kinematic restoration. Calibration included correct assessment of amounts of overburden, sedimentation, erosion, and thermal behavior through time. Our method allowed a better understanding of the mechanisms of deformation and uplift in different geologic provinces. In our pilot case study in the Colombian Eastern Cordillera, we have used movement vectors in balanced cross sections to document an initial phase of dominant vertical uplift (...) and a final phase of dominant tangential horizontal shortening. Our findings challenged the common assumptions related to folding and deformation mechanisms in fold-and-thrust belts used for cross-section balancing and palinspastic reconstructions. Thus, we found that the movement vectors in cross sections can be used to test and validate a complete procedure to obtain calibrated sequential kinematic restorations and represent a powerful tool to better understand deformation mechanisms in different settings. (shrink)

Richard A. Posner's two books on the financial crisis focus on possible macroeconomic (Keynesian) causes of it, neglecting legal causes that would have had only microeconomic effects, yet could have been responsible for the crisis. Specifically, Posner accepts too readily the conventional wisdom that banks? leverage levels, hence their capital cushions, were deregulated; this ignores Basel I, Basel II, and the Recourse rule, which internationally and (in the last case) in the United States minutely regulated not only leverage levels but (...) the composition of banks? assets. These regulations penalized banks for making business loans in comparison to mortgage loans, and it further penalized them for keeping mortgage loans rather than selling them for securitization and then buying back the ?senior? tranches of the resulting mortgage-backed securities. These regulations may explain the overconcentration of mortgage risk in the banks, and thus the financial crisis. (shrink)

The article deals with the main tendencies in the studies of Russian neo-Kantianism in Poland. Although the number and quality of research in the history of Russian neo-Kantianism still cannot be equated with those of the history of German neo-Kantianism, the situation of these studies is constantly changing for the better. The authors mark the undeniable progress in the studies of Russian neo-Kantianism in Poland in the recent years: there are monographs, articles, collections, research projects on particular thinkers or themes (...) related to the history of Russian neo-Kantianism. The authors consider A. Noras’s idea of the development of neo-Kantianism into post-neo-Kantianism rather heuristic. One of the main features of this development is the ontologization of the cognitive process. This “ontological turn”, typical of Russian neo-Kantianism, in particular as represented by S. Hessen, V. Sesemann, B. Jakovenko, is, on the one hand, the hallmark of the entire Russian philosophy and, on the other, it brings together the philosophical efforts of Russian neo-Kantians and the conception of the author of the “new ontology” – N. Hartmann. (shrink)

Dieser Band präsentiert, gemeinsam mit anderen Beiträgen, die anlässlich der Gedenkfeier zum 100. Geburtstag von Leo Gabriel gehaltenen Vorträge am Institut für Philosophie der Universität Wien. Lange vor den gegenwärtigen Bestrebungen zu einer europäischen Integration hat Gabriel die Entwicklung der geistigen Gestalten Europas und das Verhältnis von Einheit und Vielheit integrativ zu erfassen versucht. Die Autorinnen und Autoren erörtern die Quellen sowie die Aktualität des integralen Denkens und vergleichen es mit phänomenologisch-existentialistischen, hermeneutischen, strukturalistischen und postmodernen Theorien. Überdies beinhaltet der Band (...) Zeugnisse und unveröffentlichte Manuskripte von Leo Gabriel. Aus dem Inhalt: Peter Kampits: Vorwort - Yvanka B. Raynova: Einleitung: Verantwortung für das Ganze - Leo Gabriel: Gestalten und Strukturen des integrativen Denkens - Leo Gabriel: Wissenschaft und Wertordnung (Unveröffentlichtes Manuskript) - Leo Gabriel Jr.: Von der Suche nach dem Ganzen zur Sucht nach Veränderung - Augustinus Karl Wucherer-Huldenfeld: Zur Aktualität des integralen Denkens Leo Gabriels - Sigrid Pöllinger: Wladimir S. Solowjew und der Begriff der All-Einheit - Günther Pöltner: Radikale Pluralität. Zur Problematik eines postmodernen Paradigmas - Yvanka B. Raynova: Integrales Denken im europäischen Kontext: Gabriel - Heidegger - Ricoeur - Roland Faber: "Insistenz". Zum "Nicht-Sein" Gottes bei Levinas, Deleuze und Whitehead - Rolf Kühn: Sinnlichkeit als Offenbarung. Eine phänomenologische Analyse zum Denken Simone Weils - Karl Baier: Der Mensch als Person und Anatman. Überlegungen zu einer Grundfrage im buddhistisch-christlichen Dialog - Werner Gabriel: Philosophisches Denken als Weg der Erlösung. Ein interkultureller Vergleich - Arno Böhler: Über die Dummheit: Einblick in den Abgrund des Denkens - Jürgen Trinks: Das offene Feld der Phantasie und die Fallstricke der Einbildung - Laurie Calhoun: The Paradox of Love and the Paradox of Morality: Triangular Reflections in Carol Reed's "The Third Man" - Yvanka B. Raynova: Leo Gabriel: Eine ausgewählte Bibliographie. (shrink)

This is a review of Alexandre Kojève, The Religious Metaphysics of Vladimir Solovyov, translated by Ilya Merlin and Mikhail Pozdniakov, Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. This slim book is a translation of Kojève’s essay “La métaphysique religieuse de Vladimir Soloviev,” which was first published in two installments in the Revue d’histoire et de philosophie religieuses in 1934. The French text was itself based on Kojève’s doctoral dissertation, Die religiöse Philosophie Wladimir Solowjews, defended in Heidelberg under the direction of Karl Jaspers (...) in 1926. The translation is accompanied by an introduction from the translators discussing translation issues. In this review, I summarize Kojève’s essay and editorialize on the issue of the principal influences on Solovyov’s metaphysics. Kojève claims that most of Solovyov’s metaphysics was in fact borrowed from Schelling and perhaps also to some extent from Jakob Böhme. If that is the case, then what is usually considered the prototypical Russian metaphysics is... not Russian. (shrink)

This paper is a study of the Kalām-i pīr, a text on religious doctrine preserved among the Ismaʿili Shiʿi community of the Badakhshan region of Central Asia, attributed to the fifth/eleventh-century Ismaʿili author Nāṣir-i Khusraw. An edition and translation of this work was first published by Wladimir Ivanow, who judged it to be a ‘forgery’ by the tenth/sixteenth-century Ismaʿili missionary Khayrkhwāh Harātī. Ivanow concluded that while the text overall holds value as a specimen of Ismaʿili doctrinal writing, its first chapter, (...) which purports to be an autobiographical account of its reputed author, Nāṣir-i Khusraw, is an irrelevant appendage to the work. Since then, Ivanow’s interpretation has remained broadly authoritative within the field. In recent years, however, multiple new manuscripts of the work and a range of related materials have come to light, indicating the need for a thorough re-evaluation of the text and its history. In this article I demonstrate that Harātī had no role in the development of the Kalām-i pīr and that its production should be dated to the eighteenth century, rather than the sixteenth. Furthermore, I argue that the attribution to Nāṣir-i Khusraw, elaborated in the first chapter, is not incidental to the text, but central to understanding its significance within the Ismaʿili tradition of Central Asia. The text must be considered within the context of the history of Badakhshan in the eighteenth century, which saw an energetic expansion of the Ismaʿili mission in the region and the development of a competitive hagiographical tradition connected with Nāṣir-i Khusraw among various constituencies. This re-evaluation of the Kalām-i pīr demonstrates the need for a revision of the broader framework by which we understand both the legacy of Nāṣir-i Khusraw and the historical development of the Ismaʿili daʿwa in Central Asia. (shrink)

Poder-se-ia afirmar que os valores e ideais da modernidade conduzem à constituição das instituições do Estado Democrático de Direito. Trata-se de um longo e intrincado processo de feitura cujo resultado pode ser rastreado a partir de um complexo conjunto de visões teóricas e compromissos institucionais: princípios dos liberalismos político e filosófico, constitucionalismo e democracia deliberativa. Tal percurso revela-se acidentado, no entanto há uma presença constante entre os críticos da modernidade. Trata-se da perspectiva antiliberal de algumas posições conservadoras. Contemporaneamente, o quadro (...) das democracias ocidentais permite-nos rastrear as dimensões dessa críticatanto no que diz respeito às instituições representativas, quanto àinterpretação do papel e escopo de atuação do Direito no controle dos atos do Executivo. Ambas as posições se encontram vinculadas nos movimentos encetados por populistas plebiscitários em defesa de uma democraciailiberal. No presenteartigo, que se oferece como uma carta ou mapa de intenções para um plano de pesquisa futura, buscamos rastrear as bases de ambos os braços da crítica ao arranjo liberal das democracias constitucionais nas influências schmittianas sobre as reflexões de uma democracia iliberal parceira de um constitucionalismo do bem comum. (shrink)

Książka wybitnego znawcy problematyki filozofii, socjologii i politologii profesora i akademika Włodzimierza Kokluchina zwraca uwagę przede wszystkim czymś, co określić można mianem „pozaczasowości", a co polega na tym, że mimo swego uwikłania w konkretną rzeczywistość początku XXI wieku ogarnia ona prawidłowości rządzące polityką w procesie jej przemian w czasie. Odniesienia do konkretnych sytuacji maja tu na ogół charakter egzemplifikacji i służy głównie ukonkretnieniu rozważań dotyczących problemów poza tą konkretność wykraczających. Owa „pozaczasowość" odnosi się zresztą w równym stopniu do przeszłości, jak (...) i do przyszłości, w równym bowiem stopniu Autorowi udaje się ująć politykę jako proces wyrastający z przeszłości, jak i jako proces, który rozwijając się kształtował będzie rzeczywistość społeczną bliższej i dalszej przyszłości. Traktując politykę w ten właśnie sposób Włodzimierz Kokluchin nie traci z pola widzenia faktu, iż sama ta polityka jest czymś, co wciąż wymaga dookreślania i poznawania - jest tworem kształtowanym między innymi poprzez refleksję nad nią. (shrink)

Die erste Bekanntschaft mit den Ideen Fichtes in der Ukraine erfolgte gleich zu Anfang des 19. Jahrhunderts. Neue Impulse erhielten die Aneignung und Auseinandersetzung mit seinen Gedanken mit der Eröffnung der Universität in Charkow im Herbst 1804. Dank der Berufung des ehemaligen Jenaer Extraordinarius Johann Baptist Schad wurde die Universität Charkow im ersten Drittel des 19. Jahrhunderts zur Hauptstadt der Fichte-Forschungen und Kritik, nicht nur in der Ukraine, sondern im ganzen Russischen Reich. Schad, der als erster Philosophieprofessor Charkows dort bis (...) zum Dezember 1816 lehrte, gründete auch eine »Charkower philosophische Schule«, deren Vertreter verschiedene Lehrstücke Fichtes, aber auch der kritischen Philosophie insgesamt rezipierten und sich mit ihnen auseinander setzten und sie eifrig verbreiteten. (shrink)

The article tries to prove the necessity and demonstrates the possibility of application of the methods of praxiology to ethical questions. The result is an ethical praxiology conceived as a theory of making best moral choices by moral agents. It is meant to be a practical science invented for the regulation of the process of decision-making and decision implementation.

resumo Este artigo procura destacar algumas características do discurso racional em Thomas Hobbes. São analisadas as noções de prudência e ciência. O conhecimento racional repousará na possibilidade de construir, no discurso, um sinal – vox humana – que se sobreponha às marcas – notae – criadas pelos homens para excitar em nosso espírito um pensamento anterior. A seguir, são expostas as noções de proposição, nomes positivos e nomes negativos. Tais noções exibirão o determinismo hobbesiano, elemento determinante não apenas de sua (...) philosophia prima, mas igualmente de sua teoria política. palavras-chave Thomas Hobbes - discurso mental - discurso verbal - universal - determinismo; filosofia civil. (shrink)

Ao apresentar a estratégia dos agentes racionais na situação do estado de natureza em Hobbes como de não coordenação, tem-se como resultado uma situação em que a melhor escolha individual alcança o pior resultado em termos coletivos. Hampton pretende mostrar que a melhor estratégia para resolver essa aporia consiste em eliminar, na argumentação de Hobbes, o uso de conceitos jurídicos, como o de obrigação ou contrato. Desse modo, é possível resgatar a coerência argumentativa hobbesiana a partir simplesmente da ideia de (...) um acordo autointeressado, isto é, a partir da situação em que os benefícios da barganha mostram-se suficientes para as partes realizarem um acordo. O presente texto procura mostrar a incoerência de tal argumentação. Eliminar a noção de obrigação que sustenta as promessas presentes nos pactos inviabiliza, em Hobbes, qualquer possibilidade de equilíbrio e convergência das ações humanas. Palavras-chave: Escolha Racional. Promessa. Obrigação. Teoria do Contrato. (shrink)

O objetivo desse artigo é mostrar de que modo um problema no domínio da teoria contemporânea do direito suscita questões que podem encontrar esclarecimentos na filosofia de Thomas Hobbes. Para tanto, será primeiramente analisada uma decisão da Suprema Corte norte-americana que retoma um debate constitucional aberto há já quase vinte anos e que versa sobre os direitos civis1. Nesse contexto, a noção de República em Hobbes será apresentada enquanto fornecendo uma teoria sobre a interpretação jurídica que permite apanhar o bom (...) lado nesse debate. (shrink)