First I investigate the concept of friendship in Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics, books eight and nine. Next, I touch on some of the distinctively Christian aspects of the concept of friendship in Thomas Aquinas’s though, with particular attention to the virtue of caritas as friendship with God. Having by these means gained some perspective on the problem, I describe the new direction taken by Macmurray’s interpretation of friendship, and especially the question of friendship with God.

Studies by Arduini, Timmer and Van Engen of dealings between Rupert of Deutz and the Jews have mainly focused on his later works, written when he was abbot of Deutz. The present study is intended to show that his anti-Jewish agenda was fully developed by the time he was writing De sancta Trinitate et operibus eius, and focuses on his interpretation of Numbers 5:11-31 by way of illustration and as an instance of the original manner in which he adapted his (...) sources. (shrink)

This article examines the extent to which diversity characteristics and stakeholder role influence individuals’ corporate social orientation (CSO). Our findings indicate that one’s relationship to the organization as well as diversity, gender, and race influence one’s CSO. Specifically, we found that employees’ greatest concern was economic whereas customers had a stronger ethical orientation. The results also suggest that women as well as Black employees and customers place more emphasis on whether an organization is fulfilling its discretionary responsibilities than do males (...) and Whites. A model using the concept of value congruence is presented to guide future research. (shrink)

Wanda Pillow presents a critical analysis of federal law and polciy towards pregnant teens, representations of teen pregnancy in popular culture and educational policy assesses how schools provide educational opportunities for school aged mothers. Through in- depth analysis of specific policies and programmes, both past and present, thsi book traces America's successes and failures in educating pregnant teens. Unfit Subjects uses feminist, race and poststructural theories to inform a satisfactory educational policy.

This issue was discussed with regard to chosen commentaries to Aristotle’s treatise De anima, formed in the so-called via moderna mainstream, in particular those of John Buridan, Nicole Oresme and Laurentius of Lindores. In such a context, the Cracovian commentaries referring to Parisian nominalists were presented by those of Benedict Hesse and Anonymus. The analyses carried out above allow one to ascertain that although William of Ockham’s opinion questioning the possibility of knowledge of the soul in the field of philosophy, (...) nominalists of the late Middle Ages did not resign from speculation on the beginning and the separation from the body of the soul, also the fate of the soul after death. They focused on the nature of the matter – human body and his relation with the soul – in the moment of birth. In the aspect of death 14th century scholars undertook the struggle, which was one with the justification of the psycho-physical unity of the human being existing after death solely as an immortal soul. In both thems, they tried to find their solutions, while if they could not solve these aporeticals questions – they had the courage to admit, that is not possible by solely relying on the natural forces of reason. They had to refer to the teaching of christianity, without however falling prey to fideism. This was a methodical endeavour based on the experience that natural reason in searching for the truth is not capable of its own efforts to attain to certain concepts and might on occasion err, it is then that faith becomes its guide and supplies it with more acceptable solutions. This is the courage of one of the greatest philosophers – Plato, who said that you have to have this “great courage” to undertake only probable knowledge, when another is not possible. (shrink)

Résumé Cet article se veut une chronique de la partition de la Moldavie en deux républiques après la brève guerre du Dniestr de 1992. Il s’agit principalement d’un récit établi à partir de notes de terrain recueillies en juin 1993 auprès de témoins et acteurs de ce drame. Ses conséquences ont relégué la Moldavie, florissante république soviétique, bien connue pour ses vins de qualité et ses produits industriels spécifiques au sein d’un grand complexe militaro-industriel, au rang de l’une des plus (...) pauvres entités post-soviétiques, aux prises avec de terribles problèmes de survie. Nombre de ses habitants ont été jetés sur les routes de tous les trafics (drogue, prostitution, travail clandestin). Cette chronique et ses commentaires entendent mettre en lumière l’exacerbation des tensions qui est survenue entre la fin de la perestroïka et l’implosion de l’URSS – période de confusion des loyautés, de crises interethniques et nationalistes, et de tractations troubles entre grandes puissances pour le partage de leurs zones d’influence. (shrink)

_This important early Heidegger text sheds new light on his later focus on language._.

Perceptions of the American South as being no place for a feminist continue to affect and inform decisions about research and activism in the region. By taking a closer look at Memphis and the American South, and by questioning longstanding assumptions, stereotypes, and omissions about the region, we create additional opportunities for further discussion about the complexities of feminism, intersectionality, and place. I challenge two common assumptions about the South. The first is the assumption that southern feminists are rare, or (...) nonexistent, and have had little influence on developing feminist perspectives or pursuing social activism as local initiatives. The second assumption involves the concept of the Problem South and the propensity of scholars, journalists, and activists to fall back on old ideas about southern exceptionalism, and to emphasize continuities between the Old South and New South while minimizing discontinuities. In challenging these assumptions, I review the significance of intersectionality and suggest that paying attention to region and place offers an additional level of complexity and explanatory power for understanding social phenomena, including gender, sexualities, and social movements, as well as southern feminism and the Problem South. (shrink)

_Aims to transform logic into a reflection on the nature of language._.

This study examines the impact of corporate social orientation on organizational attractiveness as it relates to information about an organization’s handling of diversity issues. Using Aupperle’s notion of corporate social orientation (CSO), we examined how CSO affects perceived attractiveness of organizations’ emphasizing affirmative action versus diversity management policies in their recruitment literature. Respondents to a survey of 343 college students reported a more favorable assessment of affirmative action programs than diversity management programs. In addition, the legal dimension of CSO was (...) positively related to affirmative action programs. Also investigated were the underlying dimensions of organizational attractiveness—intentions and beliefs—these were more positive for affirmative action programs than for diversity management. A discussion of practical implications for organizations seeking to recruit from a diverse applicant pool and suggestions for future research is offered. (shrink)

Pillow's aim is to demonstrate how representations of Sacajawea have shifted in writings about the Lewis and Clark expedition in ways that support manifest destiny and white colonial projects. This essay begins with a general account of Sacajawea. The next section uses two novels to make the case that shifts in the representation of this important historical figure serve similar purposes. There is some attention to white suffragist representations, but the central contrast is between manifest destiny and multiculturalism. The final (...) section addresses the important question of whether it is possible for feminists to theorize Sacajawea in ways that are not co-opted by colonial projects. (shrink)

This paper is an empirical study of what solidarity in a Western European healthcare system means today. Drawing upon empirical research on the 2015 refugee cohort's health needs and their health-seeking behaviour, it unites claims from the literature on solidarity in the fields of migration and healthcare. I argue that the Austrian healthcare system not only is an example of ‘civic solidarity’ in the form of institutionalised obligations to citizens but that it also enacts political forms of solidarity and produces (...) political inclusion for marginalised groups such as refugees. My findings show that being entitled to and accessing services in the healthcare system holds meaning beyond the provision of care: It enables to act autonomously, to build familiar relationships with Austrian institutions, inclusion via the personal electronic health card and to support others in the same solidaristic system. These insights can be used to raise awareness about the inclusional function of healthcare services among practitioners. They also show how solidarity-based healthcare systems can be a motor for shaping positive relationships between immigrants and the host country, and point to additional modes of solidarity in the context of forced migration next to civil society and nonstate support structures. This paper builds upon ethnographic data that were collected between 2018 and 2020 in Vienna, Austria (observational notes before, during and after medical consultations with refugees; interviews with them; interviews with healthcare practitioners and other care providers). (shrink)

This commentary on Edwin Carels’ essay “Revisiting Tom Tom: Performative anamnesis and autonomous vision in Ken Jacobs’ appropriations of Tom Tom the Piper’s Son” broadens up the media-archaeological framework in which Carels places his text. Notions such as Huhtamo’s topos and Zielinski’s “deep time” are brought into the discussion in order to point out the difficulty to see what there is to see and to question the position of the viewer in front of experimental films like Tom Tom the Piper’s (...) Son and its remakes. (shrink)

Universities and colleges have become hotbeds of scandal. For these institutions to reclaim their respected status, the ethical foundations of higher education must be examined and rebuilt. This book gathers faculty and administrators from some of the most respected schools to examines the current situation and pave the way for change.

Scholars from different disciplines are seeking to construct the new field of post-communism, which has been created by the implosion of the communist regime. They explore the most important dimensions of the differences between various types of space and geographical territories: the spaces of identity and the social, political and geopolitical spaces in certain countries of Central Europe (Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Slovakia), the Balkans (Albania, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Macedonia, Romania, Serbia) and the Russian world and its Eurasian borders (Russia, (...) Mongolia, Buriatia, Kazakhstan, Moldavia and the Baltic states) not to mention the borders of the Middle or Far Eastern communist world (descriptions of China and the Middle East). (shrink)

En los últimos cuatro años, el gobierno de Cambiemos ha realizado un giro en las políticas de memoria y de educación en Argentina. Extendiendo a nivel nacional ciertas políticas ya presentes en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, con el triunfo de Mauricio Macri en el gobierno nacional y la asunción de Claudio Avruj a la Secretaría de Derechos Humanos y Pluralismo Cultural, se visibilizó a través de acciones y discursos una transformación del área. El presente artículo analiza este giro del (...) período, observando cómo se privilegió cierto discurso mientras se buscó desarmar el construido por los gobiernos kirchneristas. Mientras se le quitó presupuesto a los sitios de memoria, archivos e investigadores, se establecieron fuertes lazos con quienes construyen la memoria del Holocausto en el país. Estas políticas mostraron además los lazos de Cambiemos con un sector de la comunidad judía local. (shrink)

Pointing to the subjective nature of human life, theorists argue that only in a dialogue with another person does the human disclose meanings important to him or her. The interpretation and analysis of stories with regard to the included subjective meanings included in them as manifestations of human subjectivity seem to be the most effective when undertaken in the hermeneutic approach where psychology and philosophy meet. In the paper advantages of a self-narrative method based on the principles of hermeneutic psychology (...) have been presented. This method has been applied to analyse the stories told by ten persons of senior age and obtained through a narrative interview. This analysis has served to verify the mentioned method, to recognise the respondents′ subjective world of meanings as well as to deepen the reflection on the subjective nature of human life. The exemplary analysis of two out of ten self-narratives obtained in the research have been presented in the article. Similarly to the theoretical reflection included in the text, the research results join the ongoing discussion in contemporary psychology over the legitimacy of the use of qualitative methods. (shrink)

Subject-subject relationship as a significant aspect of personal development in adulthood The issue of the subject-subject relationship, also known as the relationship of encounter or the I-Thou relationship, which has a strong presence in the humanities and Christian mysticism, is rarely addressed by psychology. This type of relationship goes beyond the psychosocial approach to personal maturity and human development at the so-called higher stages, thus falling outside the predominant lines of psychological inquiry. Consequently, this paper concerns issues that are not (...) popular in psychology, albeit they are close to the problem of the person's development as a subject. Drawing inspiration from cultural anthropology and intersubjective philosophy - especially Martin Buber's philosophy of dialogue and Gabriel Marcel's concrete philosophy - the author presents from a psychological stance the phenomenon of the subject-subject relationship and its prerequisite conditions. Adopting the perspective of personalistic psychology in its existentialist-phenomenological strands, the author indicates the place of this relationship in human personal development and highlights its crucial significance to this process. (shrink)

In his Beiträge zur Philosophie (Vom Ereignis) (GA 65), Heidegger claims: "Making itself intelligible is the suicide of philosophy" (435). He defines intelligibility in terms of the modern metaphysical forms of thinking and speaking about beings as objects of representation. Moreover, intelligibility involves a uniform accessibility for the inauthentic. anybody of an age marked by thoughtlessness. Thus, Heidegger upholds and tries to adhere to a principle of unintelligibility for the thinkers in the crossing from the first beginning to the other (...) beginning of philosophy. Thinkers in the crossing are essentially ambiguous and indefinite in their attempt to move through and away metaphysical thinking toward a be-ing-historical thinking. Their only option is to say the metaphysical language of beings as language of be-ing, and this involves a transformation of language and thinking through a "turning around" of the meaning of metaphysical words. Unintelligibility is an essential feature of this transformed and transformative effort to carry out the ultimate task of "the bringing back of beings from the truth of be-ing" (11). If philosophy makes itself intelligible, then it fails to accomplish its mission in the age of the abandonment of be-ing by beings. Unintelligibility in Heidegger, as he defines it and as it occurs in his own writing, suggests the concomitant demand on us, the philosophers of today, to make the effort to interpret the language of beings as language of be-ing. (shrink)

Il sistema morale e l'agire umano secondo San Tommaso -- Il concetto di legge nella dottrina tomista -- La grazia e le virtù -- La conoscenza della giustizia -- Il pensiero politico di san Tommaso.

In this essay I offer some suggestions for integrating film in an Ethics classes and reaching your goals in terms of learning and student outcomes. You can easily adapt them to other areas of Philosophy— not just Ethics. Starting with Aristotle’s Poetics as a tool for deconstructing movies, I set out five strategies for teaching Ethics through film: start with a film or ethical theory; start with a real-world case or an ethics code; then use any of these four in (...) combination to allow for a more in-depth analysis. Each strategy is discussed with example exercises to illustrate how this approach can create an engaging class while achieving your goals. (shrink)

Editors Wanda Teays, John-Stewart Gordon, and Alison Dundes Renteln have assembled the works of an interdisciplinary, international team of experts in bioethics into a comprehensive, innovative and accessible book. Topics covered range from torture and lethal injection to euthanasia, sex selection, vulnerable human subjects, to health equity, safety and public health, and environmental disasters like Bhopal, Fukushima, and more.

This article is the story of the partition of Moldova into two republics after the short war of the Dniestr in 1992. It is for the most part a narrative drawing on field notes gathered in June 1993 from witnesses and actors in the drama. Its consequences have relegated Moldova, a flourishing soviet republic well known for its high-quality wines and its specialized industrial products within a large military-industrial complex, to the rank of one of the poorest post-soviet entities, struggling (...) with terrible problems of survival. Numbers of its inhabitants have been thrown into every kind of trafficking (drugs, prostitution, illegal work). This story and its commentary aim to reveal the exacerbation of tensions that occurred between the end of perestroïkaand the breakup of the USSR – a period of confused loyalties, inter-ethnic and nationalist crisis, and difficult negotiations between the great powers over sharing out zones of influence. (shrink)

This article discusses some of the most recent developments in US mental health services that follow on the heels of the for-profit hospital scandal that was brought to public attention less than a decade ago. As individuals and as a profession, nurses have a responsibility to uncover, openly discuss and condemn malfeasance when it occurs, yet there has been a collective silence about these developments. The authors explore the reasons for this and make recommendations for regaining nursing’s moral voice and (...) integrity. (shrink)