63 found
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  1. Counterfactuals and Two Kinds of Expected Utility.Allan Gibbard & William L. Harper - 1978 - In A. Hooker, J. J. Leach & E. F. McClennen (eds.), Foundations and Applications of Decision Theory: Vol.II: Epistemic and Social Applications. D. Reidel. pp. 125-162.
  2.  32
    (1 other version)Isaac Newton's Scientific Method: Turning Data Into Evidence About Gravity and Cosmology.William L. Harper - 2011 - Oxford, GB: Oxford University Press UK.
    Isaac Newton's Scientific Method examines Newton's argument for universal gravity and his application of it to resolve the problem of deciding between geocentric and heliocentric world systems by measuring masses of the sun and planets. William L. Harper suggests that Newton's inferences from phenomena realize an ideal of empirical success that is richer than prediction. Any theory that can achieve this rich sort of empirical success must not only be able to predict the phenomena it purports to explain, but also (...)
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  3.  68
    Kant and the Exact Sciences.William Harper & Michael Friedman - 1995 - Philosophical Review 104 (4):587.
    This is a very important book. It has already become required reading for researchers on the relation between the exact sciences and Kant’s philosophy. The main theme is that Kant’s continuing program to find a metaphysics that could provide a foundation for the science of his day is of crucial importance to understanding the development of his philosophical thought from its earliest precritical beginnings in the thesis of 1747, right through the highwater years of the critical philosophy, to his last (...)
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  4. Ifs.William Leonard Harper, Robert Stalnaker & Glenn Pearce (eds.) - 1981 - Dordrecht: D. Reidel.
  5. Rational belief change, Popper functions and counterfactuals.William L. Harper - 1975 - Synthese 30 (1-2):221 - 262.
    This paper uses Popper's treatment of probability and an epistemic constraint on probability assignments to conditionals to extend the Bayesian representation of rational belief so that revision of previously accepted evidence is allowed for. Results of this extension include an epistemic semantics for Lewis' theory of counterfactual conditionals and a representation for one kind of conceptual change.
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  6. Mixed strategies and ratifiability in causal decision theory.William Harper - 1986 - Erkenntnis 24 (1):25 - 36.
  7.  64
    Rational Conceptual Change.William L. Harper - 1976 - PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association 1976:462 - 494.
  8. Newton's argument for universal gravitation.William Harper - 2002 - In I. Bernard Cohen & George E. Smith (eds.), The Cambridge Companion to Newton. Cambridge University Press. pp. 174--201.
     
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  9.  74
    Knowledge and Luck.William Harper - 2010 - Southern Journal of Philosophy 34 (3):273-283.
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  10.  38
    Howard Stein on Isaac Newton: Beyond hypotheses.William L. Harper - 2002 - In David B. Malament (ed.), Reading Natural Philosophy: Essays in the History and Philosophy of Science and Mathematics. Open Court. pp. 71--112.
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  11.  32
    Isaac Newton on empirical success and scientific method.William Harper - 1997 - In John Earman & John D. Norton (eds.), The Cosmos of Science: Essays of Exploration. University of Pittsburgh Press. pp. 55--86.
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  12.  46
    (1 other version)Newton's Classic Deductions from Phenomena.William Harper - 1990 - PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association 1990:183 - 196.
    I take Newton's arguments to inverse square centripetal forces from Kepler's harmonic and areal laws to be classic deductions from phenomena. I argue that the theorems backing up these inferences establish systematic dependencies that make the phenomena carry the objective information that the propositions inferred from them hold. A review of the data supporting Kepler's laws indicates that these phenomena are Whewellian colligations-generalizations corresponding to the selection of a best fitting curve for an open-ended body of data. I argue that (...)
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  13. (1 other version)Model selection, simplicity, and scientific inference.Wayne C. Myrvold & William L. Harper - 2002 - Proceedings of the Philosophy of Science Association 2002 (3):S135-S149.
    The Akaike Information Criterion can be a valuable tool of scientific inference. This statistic, or any other statistical method for that matter, cannot, however, be the whole of scientific methodology. In this paper some of the limitations of Akaikean statistical methods are discussed. It is argued that the full import of empirical evidence is realized only by adopting a richer ideal of empirical success than predictive accuracy, and that the ability of a theory to turn phenomena into accurate, agreeing measurements (...)
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  14. Newton’s Methodology and Mercury’s Perihelion Before and After Einstein.William Harper - 2007 - Philosophy of Science 74 (5):932-942.
    Newton's methodology is significantly richer than the hypothetico-deductive model. It is informed by a richer ideal of empirical success that requires not just accurate prediction but also accurate measurement of parameters by the predicted phenomena. It accepts theory-mediated measurements and theoretical propositions as guides to research. All of these enrichments are exemplified in the classical response to Mercury's perihelion problem. Contrary to Kuhn, Newton's method endorses the radical transition from his theory to Einstein's. The richer themes of Newton's method are (...)
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  15. Causal Decision Theory and Game Theory.William Harper - 1988 - In W. L. Harper & B. Skyrms (eds.), Causation in Decision, Belief Change, and Statistics, vol. II. Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 25-48.
     
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  16.  40
    Kant on Causality, Freedom, and Objectivity.William Leonard Harper & Ralf Meerbote (eds.) - 1984 - Univ of Minnesota Press.
    The eight papers in this book are drawn from two conferences that honored Lewis White Beck, an influential Kant scholar.
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  17.  25
    Probability and Inference: Essays in Honour of Henry E. Kyburg, Jr.William Harper & Gregory Wheeler (eds.) - 2007 - College Publications.
    Recent advances in philosophy, artificial intelligence, mathematical psychology, and the decision sciences have brought a renewed focus to the role and interpretation of probability in theories of uncertain reasoning. Henry E. Kyburg, Jr. has long resisted the now dominate Bayesian approach to the role of probability in scientific inference and practical decision. The sharp contrasts between the Bayesian approach and Kyburg's program offer a uniquely powerful framework within which to study several issues at the heart of scientific inference, decision, and (...)
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  18. Bayesian learning models with revision of evidence.William Harper - 1978 - Philosophia 7 (2):357-367.
  19. Counterfactuals and two kinds of expected utility.Allan Gibbard & William Harper - 1978 - In A. Hooker, J. Leach & E. McClennen (eds.), Foundations and applications of decision theory. Reidel. pp. 125–62.
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  20.  37
    A Sketch of Some Recent Developments in the Theory of Conditionals.William L. Harper, Robert Stalnaker, Glenn Pearce, Robert C. Stalnaker, David Lewis & D. Hockney - 1984 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 49 (4):1411-1413.
  21.  12
    Causation, Chance and Credence: Proceedings of the Irvine Conference on Probability and Causation Volume 1.Brian Skyrms & William L. Harper (eds.) - 1988
    The papers collected here are, with three exceptions, those presented at a conference on probability and causation held at the University of California at Irvine on July 15-19, 1985. The exceptions are that David Freedman and Abner Shimony were not able to contribute the papers that they presented to this volume, and that Clark Glymour who was not able to attend the conference did contribute a paper. We would like to thank the National Science Foundation and the School of Humanities (...)
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  22.  82
    Ratifiability, game theory, and the principle of independence of irrelevant alternatives.Ellery Eells & William L. Harper - 1991 - Australasian Journal of Philosophy 69 (1):1 – 19.
  23.  28
    Ratifiability and Causal Decision Theory: Comments on Eells and Seidenfeld.William Harper - 1984 - PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association 1984:213 - 228.
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  24.  21
    Philosophical Perspectives.William L. Harper - 1969 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 30 (1):146-148.
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  25.  51
    Comments on Westphal.William L. Harper - 2007 - Dialogue 46 (4):729-736.
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  26. Michael Friedman on Kant and Newton.William Harper - 2000 - Dialogue 39 (2):279-.
  27.  42
    Judging who should live: Schneiderman and Jecker on the duty not to treat.William Harper - 1998 - Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 23 (5):500 – 515.
    In this paper, I consider the thesis advanced by Lawrence J. Schneiderman and Nancy S. Jecker that physicians should be forbidden from offering futile treatments to patients. I distinguish between a version of this thesis that is trivially true and Schneiderman and Jecker's more substantive version of the thesis. I find that their positive arguments for their thesis are unsuccessful, and sometimes quite misleading. I advance an argument against their thesis, and find that, on balance, their thesis should be rejected. (...)
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  28.  45
    On Calling God ‘Mother’.William Harper - 1994 - Faith and Philosophy 11 (2):290-297.
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  29.  48
    The Enterprise of Knowledge: An Essay on Knowledge, Credal Probability and Chance by Isaac Levi. [REVIEW]William L. Harper - 1983 - Journal of Philosophy 80 (6):367-376.
  30.  27
    Contemporary Research in Philosophical Logic and Linguistic Semantics: Proceedings of a Conference Held at the University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.Donald J. Hockney, William L. Harper & B. Freed (eds.) - 1975 - Dordrecht, Netherland: Reidel.
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  31. Full Belief and Probability: Comments on Van Fraassen.William Harper & Alan Hajek - 1997 - Dialogue 36 (1):91 - 100.
    As van Fraassen pointed out in his opening remarks, Henry Kyburg's lottery paradox has long been known to raise difficulties in attempts to represent full belief as a probability greater than or equal to p, where p is some number less than 1. Recently, Patrick Maher has pointed out that to identify full belief with probability equal to 1 presents similar difficulties. In his paper, van Fraassen investigates ways of representing full belief by personal probability which avoid the difficulties raised (...)
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  32.  29
    Causal and Evidential Expectations in Strategic Settings.William Harper - 1993 - Philosophical Topics 21 (1):79-97.
  33. (1 other version)Discussions: The Jones case.William L. Harper & Henry E. Kyburg - 1968 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 19 (3):247-251.
  34. Kant's empirical realism and the second analogy of experience.William Harper - 1981 - Synthese 47 (3):465 - 480.
  35.  75
    Kant on incongruent counterparts.William Harper - 1991 - In James Van~Cleve & Robert E. Frederick (eds.), The Philosophy of Right and Left: Incongruent Counterparts and the Nature of Space. Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 263-313.
    Consider your right hand and a mirror image duplicate of it. Kant calls such pairs incongruent counterparts. According to him they have the following puzzling features. The relation and situation of the parts of your hand with respect to one another are not sufficient to distinguish it from its mirror duplicate. Nevertheless, there is a spatial difference between the two. Turn and twist them how you will, you cannot make one of them occupy the exact boundaries now occupied by the (...)
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  36. Inferences from phenomena in gravitational physics.William Harper & Robert Disalle - 1996 - Philosophy of Science 63 (3):54.
    Newton's methodology emphasized propositions "inferred from phenomena." These rest on systematic dependencies that make phenomena measure theoretical parameters. We consider the inferences supporting Newton's inductive argument that gravitation is proportional to inertial mass. We argue that the support provided by these systematic dependencies is much stronger than that provided by bootstrap confirmation; this kind of support thus avoids some of the major objections against bootstrapping. Finally we examine how contemporary testing of equivalence principles exemplifies this Newtonian methodological theme.
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  37. (1 other version)Do the EPR correlations pose a problem for causal decision theory?Adam Koberinski, Lucas Dunlap & William L. Harper - 2017 - Synthese:1-12.
    We argue that causal decision theory is no worse off than evidential decision theory in handling entanglement, regardless of one’s preferred interpretation of quantum mechanics. In recent works, Ahmed and Ahmed and Caulton : 4315–4352, 2014) have claimed the opposite; we argue that they are mistaken. Bell-type experiments are not instances of Newcomb problems, so CDT and EDT do not diverge in their recommendations. We highlight the fact that a Causal Decision Theorist should take all lawlike correlations into account, including (...)
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  38. Bayesian chance.William Harper, Sheldon J. Chow & Gemma Murray - 2012 - Synthese 186 (2):447-474.
    This paper explores how the Bayesian program benefits from allowing for objective chance as well as subjective degree of belief. It applies David Lewis’s Principal Principle and David Christensen’s principle of informed preference to defend Howard Raiffa’s appeal to preferences between reference lotteries and scaling lotteries to represent degrees of belief. It goes on to outline the role of objective lotteries in an application of rationality axioms equivalent to the existence of a utility assignment to represent preferences in Savage’s famous (...)
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  39.  93
    Letters to the Editor.Sandra Lee Bartky, Marilyn Friedman, William Harper, Alison M. Jaggar, Richard H. Miller, Abigail L. Rosenthal, Naomi Scheman, Nancy Tuana, Steven Yates, Christina Sommers, Philip E. Devine, Harry Deutsch, Michael Kelly & Charles L. Reid - 1992 - Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association 65 (7):55 - 90.
  40.  45
    A note on universal instantiation in the Stalnaker Thomason conditional logic and M type modal systems.William Harper - 1974 - Journal of Philosophical Logic 3 (4):373 - 379.
  41.  76
    Comments on I. J. good.William L. Harper - 1975 - Synthese 30 (1-2):75 - 78.
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  42.  16
    Dynamic Deliberation.William L. Harper - 1992 - PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association 1992:353 - 364.
    Skyrms' investigations of dynamic deliberation are traced through his book of 1990 and his subsequent investigation of dynamic deliberation based on inductive rules to his recent results about chaos generated by evolutionary game dynamics. It is argued that the dynamics studied in the book, and the inductive dynamics as well, need to be supplemented to yield the correct recommendation in an example game. Some features about information feedback are pointed out. Finally, it is suggested that more work is needed to (...)
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  43.  42
    Decisions, Games and Equilibrium Solutions.William Harper - 1988 - PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association 1988:344 - 362.
    This paper includes a survey of decision theories directed toward exploring the adequacy of alternative approaches for application to game theoretic reasoning, a review of the classic results of von Neumann and Morgenstern and Nash about equilibrium solutions, an account of a recent challenge to the idea that solutions should be equilibria, and, finally, an explicit reconstruction and defense (using the resources of causal decision theory) of the classic indirect argument for equilibrium solutions.
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  44.  30
    Howard Stein on sophisticated practice of philosophers/scientists.William L. Harper - 2020 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 71:196-208.
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  45. Kant on space, empirical realism and the foundations of geometry.William Harper - 1984 - Topoi 3 (2):143-161.
  46.  43
    Kant, Riemann, and Reichenbach on Space and Geometry.William L. Harper - 1995 - Proceedings of the Eighth International Kant Congress 1:423-454.
    Classic examples of ostensive geometrical constructions are used to clarify Kant’s account of how they provide knowledge of claims about rigid bodies we can observe and manipulate. It is argued that on Kant’s account claims warranted by ostensive constructions must be limited to scales and tolerances corresponding to our perceptual competencies. This limitation opens the way to view Riemann’s work as contributing valuable conceptual resources for extending geometrical knowledge beyond the bounds of observation. It is argued that neither Reichenbach’s descriptions (...)
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  47.  21
    Newton's Methodology.William Harper - 2009 - In Wayne C. Myrvold & Joy Christian (eds.), Quantum Reality, Relativistic Causality, and Closing the Epistemic Circle. Springer. pp. 43--61.
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  48.  61
    Objective evidence and rules of strategy: Achinstein on method: Peter Achinstein: Evidence and method: Scientific strategies of Isaac Newton and James Clerk Maxwell. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2013, 177pp, $24.95 HB.William L. Harper, Kent W. Staley, Henk W. de Regt & Peter Achinstein - 2014 - Metascience 23 (3):413-442.
  49. Papier mâché problems in epistemology: A defense of strong internalism.William Harper - 1998 - Synthese 116 (1):27-49.
    I attempt to persuade the reader that externalism admits of no plausible interpretation. I argue that reliability is a concept with very different contours from epistemic justification, and that attempts to explicate justification in terms of reliability must fail. I address several other forms of externalism, and also mixed forms of justification. I then argue that externalist theories of justification cannot close the gap between mere true belief and knowledge. I suggest that a fourth condition on knowledge is required, regardless (...)
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  50.  44
    Reply to Isham.William Harper - 1998 - Faith and Philosophy 15 (2):223-228.
    In “On Calling God ‘Mother’” (this journal), I argued that the practice of referring to God exclusively in male terms is morally acceptable. Isham claims that I have argued that “God should be referred to exclusively in male terms.” He claims that the Bible refers to God in female terms. He hints that I may have engaged in “gender devaluation.” He claims that there is a “need for a deity with which women can both relate and identify.” The first of (...)
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