This paper introduces and studies hypo-EP matrices of adjointable operators on Hilbert C ∗ -modules, based on the generalized Schur complement. The necessary and sufficient conditions for some modular operator matrices to be hypo-EP are given, and some special circumstances are also analyzed. Furthermore, an application of the EP operator in operator equations is given.

In order to realize the sustainable development of urban overall space, aiming at the increasingly serious environmental problems in the process of contemporary rapid urbanization, based on the relationship between urban and rural space and environmental capacity, a suitability evaluation method of urban and rural spatial planning based on artificial intelligence is proposed. This paper constructs the theoretical system of sustainable development evaluation of urban and rural spatial resources and uses artificial intelligence technology to reasonably select evaluation factors and standardize (...) the evaluation indicators so as to achieve the research goal of accurately evaluating the suitability of urban and rural spatial planning. It analyzes the influencing factors of urban–rural spatial standard regional division, develops the design of the spatial planning suitability analysis system, and establishes the urban-rural spatial suitability evaluation. The scope of sustainability evaluation was extended to the level of urban and rural spatial planning and design, and the preliminary work was done to solve the problems of urban spatial structure and decision-making. The experimental results show that the planning method has high environmental adaptability and rationality. (shrink)

The pathogen-prevalence hypothesis postulates that collectivism would be strengthened in the long term in tandem with recurrent attacks of infectious diseases. However, it is unclear whether a one-time pathogen epidemic would elevate collectivism. The outbreak of COVID-19 and the widespread prevalence of online social networks have provided researchers an opportunity to explore this issue. This study sampled and analyzed the posts of 126,165 active users on Weibo, a leading Chinese online social network. It used independent-sample t-tests to examine whether COVID-19 (...) had an impact on Chinese collectivistic value-related behaviors by comparing the usage frequency of personal pronouns, group-related words, and relationship-related words before and after the outbreak. Overall, most collectivist words exhibited a significant upward trend after the outbreak. In turn, this tendency pointed to a rising sense of collectivism. Hence, this study confirmed the pathogen-prevalence hypothesis in real settings, finding that an outbreak of an infectious disease such as COVID-19 could exert an impact on collectivism and may deliver a theoretical basis for psychological protection against the threat of COVID-19. However, further evaluation is required to ascertain whether this trend is universal or culture-specific. (shrink)

This note examines when the worst shot should aim his first shot into the air in a game of the truel presented by Singh (Fermat's Enigma: the epic quest to solve the world's greatest mathematical problem. Walker and Company, New York, 1987) in his popular book on Fermat's Last Theorem. It also analyzes a variant of the game. Finally, it considers the possibility of the situation in which the worst and better shots are both willing to reverse the order of (...) their moves in the original game. (shrink)

全书共分为上下两篇,上篇为出人佛老——王阳明早期的道缘,下篇为摄道人儒—王阳明中后期的道家教情绪.

We compare several closely related continuum invariants, i.e., $\mathfrak{a}$, $\mathfrak{a}_\mathfrak{e}$, $\mathfrak{a}_\mathfrak{p}$ in two forcing models. And we shall ask some open questions in this field.

This book reinterprets classical Chinese philosophical tradition along the conceptual line of human dignity. Through extensive textual evidence, it illustrates that classical Confucianism, Mohism and Daoism contained rich notions of dignity, which laid the foundation for human rights and political liberty in China, even though, historically, liberal democracy failed to grow out of the authoritarian soil in China. The book critically examines the causes that might have prevented the classical schools from developing a liberal tradition, while affirming their positive contributions (...) to the human dignity concept. Analysing the inadequacies of the western concept of human dignity, the text covers relevant teachings of Kongzi, Mengzi, Xunzi, Mozi, Laozi and Zhuangzi (in comparison with Rousseau). While the Confucian notions of humanity (Ren), righteousness (Yi), and gentleman (Junzi) bear most directly on the conception of dignity, Mohism and Daoism provide salutary corrections to the ossification of the orthodox Confucian practice (Li). (shrink)

Tianyi Zhang offers in this study an innovative philosophical reconstruction of Shihāb al-Dīn al-Suhrawardī's (d. 1191) Illuminationism. Commonly portrayed as either a theosophist or an Avicennian in disguise, Suhrawardīappears here as an original and hardheaded philosopher who adopts mysticism only as a tool of philosophical inquiry. Zhang makes use of Plato's cave allegory to explain Suhrawardī's Illuminationist project. Focusing on three areas-the theory of presential knowledge, the ontological discussion of mental considerations, and Light Metaphysics-Zhang convincingly reveals the (...) Nominalist and Existential nature of Illuminationism, and thereby proposes a new way of understanding how Suhrawardī's central philosophical ideas cohere. (shrink)

Fear and concerns regarding AI and robots have existed for a long time, and the emergence of strong artificial intelligence, on par with human intelligence, is likely just a few decades away. The primary purpose of this article is to establish a theoretical framework for navigating the relationship between humans and this advanced form of artificial intelligence. This article first points out that the most fundamental characteristic of life is its continuous process of evolution and iteration. By analyzing the developmental (...) history of intelligence in different species, it can be observed that intelligence also exhibits a similar evolutionary phenomenon. Therefore, from this perspective, intelligence can be defined as a new form of information life. Under this premise, similarities and differences between information life forms and conventional biological life become apparent. The most significant distinction lies in the fact that the survival of biological life is based on non-replicable matter and energy, leading to extensive competition and food chain phenomena within ecosystems. In contrast, the survival of information life relies more on replicable information, fostering tendencies towards peace and communication. Based on this theoretical premise, there is a potential for a harmonious coexistence between humans and AI. This theory also provides guidance for the positive development of human society. (shrink)

中国儒学缄默维度是在语言关闭的缄默中，转向静的深度体证，具有渊与根两个特征，集约表达为“藏心于渊，美厥灵根”，诗意表达为“氤氲一气似初春”。本书从孔子观周见金人“三缄其口”开始，以方以智证成太极丸春结 束，选取颜回、言偃、扬雄、周敦颐、朱熹、杨简、文天祥、王阳明及其后学胡直与万廷言、刘宗周、王夫之等重要儒者，溯源至孟子、《易传》、庄子、屈原四个先秦流派的展开与互动，围绕罕言与雅言、深静与真动、冲然与 恬愉、主静与持敬、艺术大美与道德至善等重点问题，挖掘中国儒学缄默维度的深蕴及特质，并展望其在现代语境的展开，重写中国儒学史。.

本书是研究马克思主义哲学的成果汇集。这些成果从马克思主义哲学的视域,对当代重大现实问题和理论问题进行了认真的研究.

Sociology has largely followed Durkheim’s lead in ignoring the question: why do people die by suicide? This negation prioritizes a positivist, structuralist approach and stymies sociology’s contribution by closing off a wide range of tools sociologists might employ. An interpretivist turn in suicide studies accompanied by the growing adoption of qualitative methodology has opened up an array of opportunities to produce insights lost in a Durkheimian approach, but has yet to confront their own weaknesses. This paper shows we need not (...) abandon either tradition, advocating for a third path that integrates the strengths of both approaches. (shrink)

In his paper, “A Causal Argument for Physicalism” (Zhong, 2023), Zhong presents a novel argument for non-reductive physicalism (which he calls “A2”), based on the causal argument for reductive physicalism (which he calls “A1”), and claims that A2 is better than A1 since the premises in A2 are more plausible than those in A1. In this paper, I will argue that A2 fails to be a sound argument for non-reductive physicalism, or even physicalism per se, because the premises in A2 (...) can be fulfilled by the kind of dualism which claims that the physical event (P), the mental event (M), and their effect (E) form a causal chain and that P and M are simultaneous causes. Also, I will argue that we do have ways to strengthen A2 to block the aforementioned problem. But the only plausible way to strengthen the argument is to appeal to the conservation of energy and momentum. And this favors A1 more than A2. So, I conclude that A2 is not better than A1, and a causal argument for physicalism still naturally favors reductive physicalism. (shrink)

To understand the qualities of Western civilization and its modernity, to think about the future of humanity, and to understand how modern science was gestated in Western civilization: in the author’s view, these are the most important reasons to do history of science research in China. Study of the history of Western science in China is in its infancy, and there are great deficiencies leading to its lagging behind the international world of scholarship. In this situation, the most urgent task (...) is to translate as soon as possible a batch of high quality and classic books in the field, to establish a basic academic platform for research in the history of science, and, once that foundation has been laid, to deepen our researches further. Given these considerations, this essay discusses why the author translates works on the history of science, how he chooses books for translation, and his experiences as a translator. (shrink)

Early and later Confucians, known in Chinese as the “ruists” school of ancient origins, perceived the idea of “harmony” as a fundamental concept that lies at the basis of self-cultivation, society and governance. In modern times this idea still plays in one or another form a dominant note in Chinese politics and social life. The article attempts to search for causes of the significance of “harmony” by focusing on analyzing two pivotal Confucian texts compiled in the Han dynasty, namely, Records (...) of Music [Yue ji 樂記] and Divination of Music [Yue wei 樂緯]. The analysis shows that ruists belonging to Zhou dynasty’s imperial class of music officials, gradually developed the aesthetics of music into a complex idea of "harmony" that contains the highest aesthetical way—“Dao”—which guides both the whole universe as well as the evolution of human society. (shrink)

本书收录了张家龙先生有关西方逻辑史论,数理逻辑史论以及中国逻辑史论的相关文章,是作者多年研究的精华集.他用现代逻辑的技术重新构建了亚里士多德的直言三段论和模态三段论系统,用现代逻辑观点对亚里士多德的模 态命题逻辑,关系理论和偏好理论作了解释,将欧洲中世纪逻辑的成果构建成类似模态逻辑S3的系统.全面系统地研究了从莱布尼茨到哥德尔的数理逻辑发展史.他在中国逻辑史研究方面,从数理逻辑观点构造了"周易"的形 式公理系统,用现代逻辑方法将'侔'式推理概括为两类共6种有效式.他研究了艾耶尔,布拉德雷和罗素的哲学思想,提出一些新见解.在逻辑哲学研究方面,他分析了国内外已有的悖论定义,提出了不同定义;提出了关于可 能世界的'模态结构论';对本质主义的观点作了新的辩护.