Purpose.This paper presents a new method and model based on stochastic MULTIMOORA method and discuss its application to the doctor evaluation in healthcare service.Design/Methodology/Approach. In the previous studies, the number of decision group is often assumed to be small, and the different dimensions of the evaluation indexes were also less. In this paper, the authors study how to evaluate the healthcare service quality of doctors by the large group. Based on the stochastic MULTIMOORA theory, the authors use the method that (...) builds the function of the net probability, the distance between the ideal solutions, and the utility of each doctor.Findings.This paper presents a novel model to determine the optimal doctor that considers both two dimensions in the index system and balances the evaluation results of the two dimensions. The authors designed the questionnaire and conducted field survey to make the proposed method closer to the actual situation in China. Then, they determined the optimal evaluation result for the healthcare service quality of doctors.Research Limitations/Implications.In the process of practical decision-making, there are differences in intellectual literacy level, regional background, and language preference between different decision-makers. it is impossible for the method we proposed to consider the differentiation index system of decision-makers’ preference comprehensively. And this will be a further research direction.Practical Implications.The authors proposed two evaluation index dimensions and tryed to balance the evaluation results of the two dimensions as much as possible. Meanwhile, the information aggregation method based on stochastic MULTIMOORA is distinguished.Social Implications.The proposed method can be applied to the evaluation of doctors in actual healthcare service. It is helpful to improve the healthcare service quality and the hospital management level, further improve the core competition of hospitalsOriginality/Value.This paper makes up for the lack of existing studies of the large group evaluation decision in the healthcare service. A new method on the evaluation of doctors by the large group is established and applied to a healthcare management decision-making problem with Chinese characteristics in reality. (shrink)

「三教合一」的命題猶如一口古井， 看似陳舊， 往深處提煉， 又可伸觸潛藏於井底的水脈。 《君師道合：晚明儒者的三教合一論述》透過管志道、楊起元和周汝登，揭示晚明三教合流思維的演變，以及三教合一思想與君道、師道的關係。尤其值得思考的是，晚明儒者對明太祖的歷史記憶與政治認同，對政教統合的認可 ，試圖以「三教觀」來鞏固「君師道合」的想法，置於晚明的思想語境，到底說明了什麼？由此進一歩探索晚明三教思想的思維特色、三教的政治性意涵以及儒者對現實政教關懷等問題。 本書選擇管志道、楊起元和周汝登為本書論述主要對象，大致有以下幾個原因：（一）他們是廣義的陽明後學，在學承和個人學習經驗有所交錯，例如羅汝芳是楊起元的老師，但管志道和周汝登二人，亦深受羅汝芳啟發；（二） 三人皆有深刻的三教思想關懷，而其三教思想扣緊著當時的政治、社會與學術重要問題；（三）彼此有深刻的論學往來，其中以管志道和楊起元，以及楊起元和周汝登的情誼最深。不僅有書信來往，也常互贈詩歌；（四）三人活 動的時間，集中於隆慶、萬曆期間，並且都是南京學圈的重要儒者。最為關鍵是，三人獨特的三教觀和論述，有所交鋒又各有側重，因此適切成為理解晚明三教論述建構與發展的思想社群。值得留意的是，在《明儒學案》〈泰州 學案〉黃宗羲摘錄了楊起元和周汝登的學說，但管志道僅有一小段傳記。而在當代學界，周汝登在思想史上頗有「能見度」以外，管志道和楊起元的思想鮮少被注意，可說已長久成為哲學史或思想史的「失蹤者」。 《君師道合：晚明儒者的三教合一論述》主要的論題核心在於探索晚明的三教合一論述，探討「合一」觀背後的「思想世界」與「歷史脈絡」，找出合一思想的現實關懷，究竟和儒者所面對的時代和思想危機有什麼關聯，以此建 構晚明三教合一的論述場域。書中揭示中晚明三教合流思維的演變，以及儒者三教合一觀所包含的君道與師道的競爭關係。此外，追問三教合一論述又如何安頓政治權力與道德權威等問題。本書採取「論述」的概念，也是在前文 討論的反思基礎上，認為「三教合一」不僅只是一個思想概念，或者是一種思想整合的複雜形態，圍繞著三教合一的各種話語如「出世法」、「君師道」及「治教」等，是晚明儒者的共同關懷，彼此的討論和回應形成重要的論述 場域。 本書第一章為導論。首先提出本書的問題反思，同時檢視「三教合一」研究的多重視野，把握其研究脈絡，最後再從題目和人物選擇考量說明，進一步勾勒出本書主要問題意識。第二章為「明中葉三教合流之衍變」，主要提供三 教交涉的長時段演變背景，並且以王陽明作為主要分界點，探討其如何開拓包容性的三教觀，而後來學者在此思想基礎上，如何找到思想出路，以致跨出良知學話語，建立自己的思想關懷和立場。第三章探索管志道的「乾元統天 」之學。第四章以楊起元「孝弟慈」大成之學為討論主軸。第五章則論周汝登的「三教統體」之學。第六章為結論。從管志道、楊起元與周汝登三教合一論述的比較，總結其如何蘊含「政教化」傾向。.

This volume aims to clarify the epistemic potential of applying evolutionary thinking outside biology, and provides a survey of the current state of the art in research on relevant topics in the life sciences, the philosophy of science, and the various areas of evolutionary research outside the life sciences. By bringing together chapters by evolutionary biologists, systematic biologists, philosophers of biology, philosophers of social science, complex systems modelers, psychologists, anthropologists, economists, linguists, historians, and educators, the volume examines evolutionary thinking within (...) and outside the life sciences from a multidisciplinary perspective. While the chapters written by biologists and philosophers of science address theoretical aspects of the guiding questions and aims of the volume, the chapters written by researchers from the other areas approach them from the perspective of applying evolutionary thinking to non-biological phenomena. Taken together, the chapters in this volume do not only show how evolutionary thinking can be fruitfully applied in various areas of investigation, but also highlight numerous open problems, unanswered questions, and issues on which more clarity is needed. As such, the volume can serve as a starting point for future research on the application of evolutionary thinking across disciplines. (shrink)

"El libro que publicamos hoy no tiene otro fin que servir de guía a los espíritus deseosos de profundizar los problemas generales del Derecho; es una “Introducción” en el sentido más exacto del término. Se trata de orientar progresivamente al lector partiendo de las realidades más simples para llevarlo después hasta los problemas más abstractos. Hemos renunciado deliberadamente a dar a los primeros capítulos un rigor científico. Igualmente, hemos evitado de pronto los términos técnicos, esforzándonos por explicarlos y hacerlos asimilar (...) gradualmente en el curso de la obra". Claude Du Pasquier. (shrink)

Ontology as presented in the Advaita works of Vācaspatimiśra, fl. 976-1000, Hindu philosopher.

The Great Synthesis of Wang Yangming Neo-Confucianism in Korea, a pioneering study of Chŏng Chedu (Hagok, 1649-1736) and Korean Yangming Neo-Confucianism, includes an annotated translation of the Chonŏn, Hagok's most important work on self-cultivation, and a comprehensive introduction to his life, scholarship, and thought.

This chapter interrogates the figure “without soil” in relation to pivotal concerns in Theodor W. Adorno's thought. Freedom, the element of philosophy, proves itself as much in the conscious dismissal as in the rescuing return. The return is not that of something repressed, a claim suppressed by another claim, by the blank refusal to have anything to do with something. The fact that Adorno's thinking draws on dialectical motifs means that the conscious dismissal turns against what exists, against what is (...) merely natural, isolated, abstract in life; the life of the spirit that has freed itself from abstraction no longer sets itself in opposition to death. It no longer takes control of death as negativity and, for that very reason, no longer succumbs to it. If one wanted to revert to Kantian terminology, one could say that philosophy is concerned with neither inclination nor respect, but with favor. (shrink)

It has often been claimed that without drastic conceptual innovations a genuine explanation of quantum interference effects and quantum randomness is impossible. This book concerns Bohmian mechanics, a simple particle theory that is a counterexample to such claims. The gentle introduction and other contributions collected here show how the phenomena of non-relativistic quantum mechanics, from Heisenberg's uncertainty principle to non-commuting observables, emerge from the Bohmian motion of particles, the natural particle motion associated with Schrödinger's equation. This book will be of (...) value to all students and researchers in physics with an interest in the meaning of quantum theory as well as to philosophers of science. (shrink)

This book considers the way that Cesare Beccaria's slim 1764 volume On Crimes and Punishments influenced policy developments worldwide and over decades, if not centuries, after its publication. For those who turn to Beccaria's work today, the encounter is shaped by that knowledge. Appreciative of his book's dual nature as historical document and repository of ideas, the contributions in this collection address different aspects of the criminal justice theory Beccaria offered his readers and face up to methodological questions raised by (...) meeting a historical text of this kind - unsystematic and by modern standards often under-argued - with modern scholarly conventions in mind. Contributions in the first part of the book engage with Beccaria's 'political theory of criminal justice' through the lenses of political and penal philosophy. How do we get from Beccaria's blending of social-contractarian foundations and proto-utilitarian policy analysis to the concrete set of criminal justice practices Beccaria presents as justified? This leads across to the second part where contributors approach Beccaria's ideas with present-day reforms and developments in mind. Many of his policy proposals and arguments remain significant from our contemporary perspective, their limitations and omissions proving as instructive for the contemporary scholar as their more prescient elements. The third part offers those looking at Beccaria's work today a glimpse into the practical difficulties facing the firebrand author turned public servant during his long career in the Habsburg-Lombardian administration. It puts his work into the broader context of pathways to criminal justice reform in northern Italy, Habsburgian Lombardy, and the Austro-Hungarian Empire in Beccaria's day. (shrink)