Results for 'evolutionary ethics'

948 found
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  1.  20
    Evolutionary Ethics.Matthew H. Nitecki & Doris V. Nitecki (eds.) - 1993 - SUNY Press.
    This volume analyzes the biological and philosophical disagreements in evolutionary ethics and points out difficulties with the interpretations. The book is divided into four sections. The first is an historical introduction to the origin of evolutionary ethics, showing how different evolutionary ethics was a hundred years ago, and how distant Huxley is from most of us now. The second section argues for a sociobiological interpretation of evolutionary ethics. The third section presents the (...)
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  2.  90
    Evolutionary Ethics from Darwin to Moore.Fritz Allhoff - 2003 - History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences 25 (1):51 - 79.
    Evolutionary ethics has a long history, dating all the way back to Charles Darwin.1 Almost immediately after the publication of the Origin, an immense interest arose in the moral implications of Darwinism and whether the truth of Darwinism would undermine traditional ethics. Though the biological thesis was certainly exciting, nobody suspected that the impact of the Origin would be confined to the scientific arena. As one historian wrote, 'whether or not ancient populations of armadillos were transformed into (...)
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  3. Evolutionary Ethics in the Light of Extended Synthesis.Adrianna Wozniak & Stefan Konstanczak - 2013 - Ethics and Bioethics (in Central Europe) 3 (1-2):21-30.
    The program of Evolutionary Ethics (EE) is based on the assumption that our moral features constitute adaptations and as such are to be explained in terms of the evolutionary process of natural selection. However, the fundamental assumption of EE was seriously put into question: the level of analysis relevant for moral features is essentially ontogeny and culture, while the explanation using natural selection applies to the level of phylogeny and genes (Sober, 1995; Ayala, 1995; Okasha, 2009). To (...)
     
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  4.  10
    Evolutionary ethics.Antony Flew - 1968 - New York,: St. Martin's Press.
  5. English evolutionary ethics..Melbourne Stuart Read - 1902 - Hamilton, N.Y.,: Republican press.
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  6. Evolutionary Ethics.Michael Klenk - 2019 - Introduction to Philosophy: Ethics.
    This chapter first introduces naturalistic approaches to ethics more generally and distinguishes methodological ethical naturalism (the focus of this chapter), from metaphysical ethical naturalism. The second part then discusses evolutionary ethics as a specific variant of methodological ethical naturalism. After introducing the concepts of evolutionary theory that are relevant for evolutionary ethics, I will sketch the history of evolutionary ethics, which offers an interesting lesson about why it became a controversial topic, and (...)
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  7. Evolutionary ethics: A phoenix arisen.Michael Ruse - 1986 - Zygon 21 (1):95-112.
    Evolutionary ethics has a bad reputation. But we must not remain prisoners of our past. Recent advances in Darwinian evolutionary biology pave the way for a linking of science and morality, at once more modest yet more profound than earlier excursions in this direction. There is no need to repudiate the insights of the great philosophers of the past, particularly David Hume. So humans’ simian origins really matter. The question is not whether evolution is to be linked (...)
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  8.  83
    Evolutionary ethics.Doris Schroeder - 2001 - Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
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  9.  78
    Evolutionary Ethics: Understanding its Transition.Ikbal Hussain Ahmed - 2024 - Journal of the Indian Council of Philosophical Research 41 (1):63-82.
    This paper offers a descriptive account of the transition in evolutionary ethics with reference to some major works from ethics, sociobiology, moral psychology, and primatology. The causes and nature of the transition are discussed by making a distinction between traditional and recent trends in evolutionary ethics enabling us to understand the significance of contemporary evolutionary ethics. The study is gradually directed toward a crucial question of ethics that is the place of reason (...)
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  10.  26
    (1 other version)The Evolutionary Ethics of Alfred C. Kinsey.Frederick Churchill - 2002 - History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences 24 (3/4):391 - 411.
    It is commonplace to point out that Alfred Kinsey's taxonomic work on gall wasps provided a methodology for his studies of human sexual behavior. It is equally commonplace to point out that, when researching and presenting his sexual studies, Kinsey's professedly neutral scientific data were constrained by a social agenda. What I have done in this paper is to join these two claims and demonstrate, with particular reference to Kinsey's Sexual Behavior in the Human Male, how his zoology helped guide (...)
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  11.  17
    (1 other version)Evolutionary Ethics: Its Origin and Contemporary Face.Thompson Paul - 1999 - Zygon 34 (3):473-484.
    The development of modern evolutionary ethics began shortly after the publication of Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species by Natural Selection. Early discussions were plagued by several problems. First, evolutionary ethical explanations were dependent on group‐selection accounts of social behavior (especially the explanation of altruism). Second, they seem to violate the philosophical principle that “ought” statements cannot be derived from “is” statements alone (values cannot be derivedfrom facts alone). Third, evolutionary ethics appeared to be (...)
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  12. Evolutionary ethics and Christian morality: surveying the issues.Jeffrey P. Schloss - 2004 - In Philip Clayton & Jeffrey Schloss (eds.), Evolution and Ethics: Human Morality in Biological and Religious Perspective. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.. pp. 1--24.
     
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  13.  45
    The Cambridge Handbook of Evolutionary Ethics.Michael Ruse & Robert J. Richards (eds.) - 2017 - New York: Cambridge University Press.
    Evolutionary ethics - the application of evolutionary ideas to moral thinking and justification - began in the nineteenth century with the work of Charles Darwin and Herbert Spencer, but was subsequently criticized as an example of the naturalistic fallacy. In recent decades, however, evolutionary ethics has found new support among both the Darwinian and the Spencerian traditions. This accessible volume looks at the history of thought about evolutionary ethics as well as current debates (...)
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  14. (4 other versions)Evolutionary Ethics.Julian S. Huxley - 1944 - Mind 53 (212):344-367.
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  15.  45
    Evolutionary Ethics: Its Origin and Contemporary Face.Not By Me - 1999 - Zygon 34 (3):473-484.
    The development of modern evolutionary ethics began shortly after the publication of Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species by Natural Selection. Early discussions were plagued by several problems. First, evolutionary ethical explanations were dependent on group‐selection accounts of social behavior (especially the explanation of altruism). Second, they seem to violate the philosophical principle that “ought” statements cannot be derived from “is” statements alone (values cannot be derivedfrom facts alone). Third, evolutionary ethics appeared to be (...)
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  16. The Prospects for Evolutionary Ethics Today.Neil Levy - 2010 - EurAmerica 40 (3):529-571.
    One reason for the widespread resistance to evolutionary accounts of the origins of humanity is the fear that they undermine morality: if morality is based on nothing more than evolved dispositions, it would be shown to be illusory, many people suspect. This view is shared by some philosophers who take their work on the evolutionary origins of morality to undermine moral realism. If they are right, we are faced with an unpalatable choice: to reject morality on scientific grounds, (...)
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  17.  28
    Evolutionary Ethics and Contemporary Biology.Giovanni Boniolo & Gabriele De Anna (eds.) - 2006 - New York: Cambridge University Press.
    How can the discoveries made in the biological sciences play a role in a discussion on the foundation of ethics? This book responds to this question by examining how evolutionism can explain and justify the existence of ethical normativity and the emergence of particular moral systems. Written by a team of philosophers and scientists, the essays collected in this volume deal with the limits of evolutionary explanations, the justifications of ethics, and methodological issues concerning evolutionary accounts (...)
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  18.  68
    Evolutionary Ethics and the Search for Predecessors: Kant, Hume, and All the Way Back to Aristotle?Michael Ruse - 1990 - Social Philosophy and Policy 8 (1):59.
    Hopes of applying the findings and speculations of evolutionary theorizing to the problems of ethics have yielded a program with a bad reputation. At the level of norms – substantival ethics – it has been a platform for some of the more grotesque socio-politico-economic suggestions of our times. At the level of justification – metaethics – it has opened the way to some of the more blatant fallacies in the undergraduate textbook. Recently, however, a number of people, (...)
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  19. Evolutionary Ethics, Critical Study of H. Spencer's 'Data of Ethics', a Paper.Clarence H. Seyler & Herbert Spencer - 1891
     
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  20.  48
    An Introduction to Evolutionary Ethics.Scott M. James - 2010 - MAlden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
    Offering the first general introductory text to this subject, the timely _Introduction to_ _Evolutionary Ethics_ reflects the most up-to-date research and current issues being debated in both psychology and philosophy. The book presents students to the areas of cognitive psychology, normative ethics, and metaethics. The first general introduction to evolutionary ethics Provides a comprehensive survey of work in three distinct areas of research: cognitive psychology, normative ethics, and metaethics Presents the most up-to-date research available in both (...)
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  21.  40
    Evolutionary Ethics: Healthy Prospect or Last Infirmity?Michael Ruse - 1988 - Canadian Journal of Philosophy 18 (S1):27-73.
    Evolutionary ethics, the idea that the evolutionary process contains the basis for a full and adequate understanding of human moral nature, is an old and disreputable notion. It was popularized in the 19th century by the English general man of science, Herbert Spencer, who began advocating an evolutionary approach to ethical understanding, even before Charles Darwin published hisOrigin of Speciesin 1859 (Spencer 1857, 1892). Although it was never regarded with much enthusiasm by professional philosophers, thanks to (...)
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  22.  7
    The Temptations of Evolutionary Ethics.Paul Lawrence Farber - 1994 - University of California Press.
    Evolutionary theory tells us about our biological past; can it also guide us to a moral future? Paul Farber's compelling book describes a century-old philosophical hope held by many biologists, anthropologists, psychologists, and social thinkers: that universal ethical and social imperatives are built into human nature and can be discovered through knowledge of evolutionary theory. Farber describes three upsurges of enthusiasm for evolutionary ethics. The first came in the early years of mid-nineteenth century evolutionary theories; (...)
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  23.  16
    Evolutionary Ethics and Contemporary Biology. [REVIEW]William FitzPatrick - 2007 - Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews.
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  24. Shall We Adapt? Evolutionary Ethics and Climate Change.Jeroen Hopster - 2020 - In Julia Hermann, Jeroen Hopster, Wouter Kalf & Michael Klenk (eds.), Philosophy in the Age of Science? Inquiries into Philosophical Progess, Method, and Societal Relevance. Fordham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
    In this chapter I zoom in on a topic in climate ethics that has not previously received academic scrutiny: the intersection between evolutionary ethics and climate change. I argue that in the context of climate discourse, an evolutionary perspective can be illuminating, but may also invite moral corruption and reasoning fallacies. Relating my discussion to the general theme of the book, I argue that academic philosophy is well-positioned to fulfil a specific societal role, which is particularly (...)
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  25.  46
    The case against evolutionary ethics today.Peter G. Woolcock - 1999 - In Jane Maienschein & Michael Ruse (eds.), Biology and the foundation of ethics. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 276--306.
  26.  60
    Christianity and evolutionary ethics: Sketch toward a reconciliation.Patricia A. Williams - 1996 - Zygon 31 (2):253-268.
    Evolutionary ethics posits the evolution of dispositions to love self, kin, and friend. Christianity claims that God's ethical demand is to love one's neighbor. I argue that the distance between these two positions can be interpreted theologically as original sin, the disposition to disobey God's command and practice self-love and nepotism rather than neighbor-love. Original sin requires Incarnation and Atonement to unite God and humanity. The ancient doctrine of the Atonement as educative does not invoke the Fall. Its (...)
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  27.  12
    Nietzsche's Evolutionary Ethics.R. Small - 2007 - In Gudrun von Tevenar (ed.), Nietzsche and Ethics. Peter Lang.
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  28.  7
    (1 other version)Evolutionary Ethics.John Mizzoni - 1998 - The Paideia Archive: Twentieth World Congress of Philosophy 44:156-160.
    Michael Ruse has argued that evolutionary ethics discredits the objectivity and foundations of ethics. Ruse must employ dubitable assumptions, however, to reach his conclusion. We can trace these assumptions to G. E. Moore. Also, part of Ruse’s case against the foundations of ethics can support the objectivity and foundations of ethics. Cooperative activity geared toward human flourishing helps point the way to a naturalistic moral realism and not exclusively to ethical skepticism as Ruse supposes.
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  29.  45
    The new evolutionary ethics.Michael Ruse - 1993 - In Matthew H. Nitecki & Doris V. Nitecki (eds.), Evolutionary Ethics. SUNY Press. pp. 133-162.
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  30.  67
    Evolutionary Ethics: What Can We Learn From from the Past?Michael Ruse - 1999 - Zygon 34 (3):435-451.
    In this paper I look at the question of the derivation of ethics from evolutionary biology, and I do so by considering both historical attempts to make such a derivation and contemporary work.
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  31.  94
    Dutch objections to evolutionary ethics.Robert J. Richards - 1989 - Biology and Philosophy 4 (3):331-343.
    While strolling the streets of Amsterdam, Sidney Smith, the renowned editor of the Edinburgh Review, called the attention of his companion to two Dutch housewives who were leaning out of their windows and arguing with one another across the narrow alley that separated their houses. Smith remarked to his companion that the two women would never agree. His friend thought the seasoned editor had in mind the stubborn Dutch character. No, said Smith. Rather it was because they were arguing from (...)
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  32.  93
    (1 other version)A Defense of Evolutionary Ethics.Robert Richards - 1986 - Biology and Philosophy 1 (3):265-293.
    From Charles Darwin to Edward Wilson, evolutionary biologists have attempted to construct systems of evolutionary ethics. These attempts have been roundly criticized, most often for having committed the naturalistic fallacy. In this essay, I review the history of previous efforts at formulating an evolutionary ethics, focusing on the proposals of Darwin and Wilson. I then advance and defend a proposal of my own. In the last part of the essay, I try to demonstrate that my (...)
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  33.  17
    How ethical is evolutionary ethics?Alan Gewirth - 1993 - In Matthew H. Nitecki & Doris V. Nitecki (eds.), Evolutionary Ethics. SUNY Press. pp. 241--256.
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  34.  19
    Situating Empirically Engaged Evolutionary Ethics.Johan De Smedt & Helen De Cruz - 2021 - In Johan De Smedt & Helen De Cruz (eds.), Empirically Engaged Evolutionary Ethics. Synthese Library. Springer - Synthese Library. pp. 1-14.
    This introductory essay provides a historical and cross-cultural overview of evolutionary ethics, and how it can be situated within naturalized ethics. We also situate the contributions to this volume.
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  35.  35
    Empirically Engaged Evolutionary Ethics. Synthese Library.Johan De Smedt & Helen De Cruz (eds.) - 2021 - Springer - Synthese Library.
    A growing body of evidence from the sciences suggests that our moral beliefs have an evolutionary basis. To explain how human morality evolved, some philosophers have called for the study of morality to be naturalized, i.e., to explain it in terms of natural causes by looking at its historical and biological origins. The present literature has focused on the link between evolution and moral realism: if our moral beliefs enhance fitness, does this mean they track moral truths? In spite (...)
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  36.  63
    Evolutionary ethics: can values change.K. C. Calman - 2004 - Journal of Medical Ethics 30 (4):366-370.
    The hypothesis that values change and evolve is examined by this paper. The discussion is based on a series of examples where, over a period of a few decades, new ethical issues have arisen and values have changed. From this analysis it is suggested that there are a series of core values around which most people would agree. These are unlikely to change over long time periods. There are then a series of secondary or derived values around which there is (...)
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  37.  7
    Evolutionary Ethics: Volume Iii.Neil Levy - 2010 - Routledge.
  38. Evolution, Society, and Ethics: Social Darwinism versus Evolutionary Ethics.Christine Clavien - forthcoming - In Thomas Heams (ed.), Handbook of Evolutionary Biology (provis. Title). Springer.
    Evolutionary ethics (EE) is a branch of philosophy that arouses both fascination and deep suspicion. It claims that Darwinian mechanisms and evolutionary data on animal sociality are relevant to ethical reflection. This field of study is often misunderstood and rarely fails to conjure up images of Social Darwinism as a vector for nasty ideologies and policies. However, it is worth resisting the temptation to reduce EE to Social Darwinism and developing an objective analysis of whether it is (...)
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  39.  13
    (1 other version)Evolutionary Ethics and Biologically Supportable Morality.Michael Byron - 1998 - The Paideia Archive: Twentieth World Congress of Philosophy 44:23-28.
    Consider the paradox of altruism: the existence of truly altruistic behaviors is difficult to reconcile with evolutionary theory if natural selection operates only on individuals, since in that case individuals should be unwilling to sacrifice their own fitness for the sake of others. Evolutionists have frequently turned to the hypothesis of group selection to explain the existence of altruism; but group selection cannot explain the evolution of morality, since morality is a one-group phenomenon and group selection is a many-group (...)
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  40.  33
    Evolutionary Ethics.Ken Binmore - 1998 - Vienna Circle Institute Yearbook 5:277-283.
    Philosophers used to say that all their endeavours were merely a footnote to Plato. In ethics, this is still largely true.
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  41. Public Reason, Evolutionary Ethics, Attribution of Moral Status.Elvio Baccarini - 2008 - Filozofski Vestnik 29 (3):107 - +.
     
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  42. Darwinian evolutionary ethics: between patriotism and sympathy.Peter J. Richerson & Robert Boyd - 2004 - In Philip Clayton & Jeffrey Schloss (eds.), Evolution and Ethics: Human Morality in Biological and Religious Perspective. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.. pp. 50--77.
  43.  25
    Evolutionary Ethics.Roger Trigg - 1986 - Biology and Philosophy 1 (3):325-335.
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  44.  27
    Evolutionary ethics and moral theory.Michael Stingl - 1996 - Journal of Value Inquiry 30 (4):531-545.
    This example, like the others, demands further discussion. My conclusion must therefore remain modest: an agent-neutral theory of our moral competence is not biologically implausible. Agent-centered rules like tit-for-tat, prerogatives, special obligations, and duties not to harm others might be best regarded as belonging to the theory of moral performance rather than the theory of moral competence. For biologists who may think otherwise, the general argument of this essay is that any claims to the contrary must be based on more (...)
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  45.  23
    Evolutionary Ethics, Aggression, and Violence: Lessons from Primate Research.Frans B. M. de Waal - 2004 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 32 (1):18-23.
    This paper is unusual for this journal because most readers do not deal professionally with animals. Information from primatology, however, is relevant to consideration of violence between people. I will focus mainly on aggression and peacemaking among nonhuman primates, but will address related topics as well. I do not use the term “aggression” to refer only to violent behavior, but to any overt conflict between individuals. Although I am a professor of psychology, I am a biologist by training. When I (...)
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  46.  2
    Evolutionary Ethics.Julian Huxley - 1943 - Oxford University Press.
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  47.  62
    Evolutionary Ethics: An Irresistible Temptation: Some Reflections on Paul Farber‘s The Temptation of Evolutionary Ethics[REVIEW]William A. Rottschaefer - 1997 - Biology and Philosophy 12 (3):369-384.
    In his recent The Temptation of Evolutionary Ethics, Paul Farber has given a negative assessment of the last one hundred years of attempts in Anglo-American philosophy, beginning with Darwin, to develop an evolutionary ethics. Farber identifies some version of the naturalistic fallacy as one of the central sources for the failures of evolutionary ethics. For this reason, and others, Farber urges that though it has its attraction, evolutionary ethics is a temptation to (...)
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  48.  20
    Evolutionary Ethics and the Status of Non-Human Animals.Rosemary Rodd - 1996 - Journal of Applied Philosophy 13 (1):63-72.
    ABSTRACT If we accept that the behaviour of humans and other animals is very substantially channelled by evolutionary constraints, it might appear that there can be no place for animals within the protection of a human system of morality. However, the nature of plausible evolutionary constraints on the cognition of social animals, including humans, suggests that this is not so. It is likely that the most important element in our morality is the capacity to imagine the feelings of (...)
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  49. Recent Trends in Evolutionary Ethics: Greenbeards!Joseph Heath & Catherine Rioux - 2018 - Biology and Philosophy 33 (1-2):16.
    In recent years, there has been growing awareness among evolutionary ethicists that systems of cooperation based upon “weak” reciprocity mechanisms lack scalability, and are therefore inadequate to explain human ultrasociality. This has produced a shift toward models that strengthen the cooperative mechanism, by adding various forms of commitment or punishment. Unfortunately, the most prominent versions of this hypothesis wind up positing a discredited mechanism as the basis of human ultrasociality, viz. a “greenbeard.” This paper begins by explaining what a (...)
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  50. Parting with illusions in evolutionary ethics.David C. Lahti - 2003 - Biology and Philosophy 18 (5):639-651.
    I offer a critical analysis of a view that has become a dominant aspect of recent thought on the relationship between evolution and morality, and propose an alternative. An ingredient in Michael Ruse's 'error theory' (Ruse 1995) is that belief in moral (prescriptive, universal, and nonsubjective) guidelines arose in humans because such belief results in the performance of adaptive cooperative behaviors. This statement relies on two particular connections: between ostensible and intentional types of altruism, and between intentional altruism and morality. (...)
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