Results for 'operationalism'

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  1. Operationalism and realism in psychometrics.Elina Vessonen - 2019 - Philosophy Compass 14 (10):e12624.
    Psychometrics is one of the main approaches to social scientific measurement. It is relied upon in drug testing, economic policymaking, recruitment, and other decision-making contexts. The first aim of this article is to introduce philosophers to key aspects of psychometrics, namely, classical test theory, item response theory, and construct validity. The second aim is to show how a debate on the nature of psychological attributes manifests in psychometrics. In this debate, realists claim that psychometric measures are indicators of independently existing (...)
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  2.  47
    Operationalism, Logical Empiricism and the Murkiness of Models.Daniela M. Bailer-Jones - 2007 - Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia 63 (1/3):145 - 167.
    In the first half of the 20th century, scientific models were hardly mentioned in philosophy of science. Models were not thought to be central elements of science, in contrast to theories. This attitude can be better understood when considering philosophical trends - Operationalism and Logical Empiricism - and scientific developments - the advent of quantum theory and relativity theory. This paper traces the philosophical currents and positions that prevented models from being recognized as playing an important role in science. (...)
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  3.  67
    Operationalism and ordinary language revisited.Charles Chihara - 1973 - Philosophical Studies 24 (3):137 - 157.
    In "human beings", "studies in the philosophy of wittgenstein" (ed. By p winch), J cook presents a radical solution to the problem of other minds and then suggests that this treatment of the problem is to be found in the writings of wittgenstein. According to cook's interpretation, Wittgenstein's analysis of the problem does not involve in any essential way any special doctrines about criteria, Nor does it commit him to any form of behaviorism. In the course of arguing these theses, (...)
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  4.  36
    Tolman: Operationalism and Logical Positivism.Robert Elias Abu Shanab - forthcoming - Pakistan Philosophical Journal.
    The aim of this paper is to exhibit the influence of both logical positivism and operationalism on neo-behaviorism. specifically, i shall attempt to show how logical positivists and p w bridgman influenced the neo-behaviorist, e c tolman. it is my contention that the methodological views championed by logical positivism and by bridgman deeply influenced tolman who was genuinely concerned with (a) finding an adequate base to anchor securely his purposive behaviorism, and (b) finding sound ways of introducing variables in (...)
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  5.  37
    Operationalism: An Interpretation of the Philosophy of Ancient Greek Geometry.Viktor Blåsjö - 2022 - Foundations of Science 27 (2):587-708.
    I present a systematic interpretation of the foundational purpose of constructions in ancient Greek geometry. I argue that Greek geometers were committed to an operationalist foundational program, according to which all of mathematics—including its entire ontology and epistemology—is based entirely on concrete physical constructions. On this reading, key foundational aspects of Greek geometry are analogous to core tenets of 20th-century operationalist/positivist/constructivist/intuitionist philosophy of science and mathematics. Operationalism provides coherent answers to a range of traditional philosophical problems regarding classical mathematics, (...)
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  6.  85
    Realism, operationalism, and quantum mechanics.D. Foulis, C. Piron & C. Randall - 1983 - Foundations of Physics 13 (8):813-841.
    A comprehensive formal system is developed that amalgamates the operational and the realistic approaches to quantum mechanics. In this formalism, for example, a sharp distinction is made between events, operational propositions, and the properties of physical systems.
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  7.  67
    Conceptual engineering and operationalism in psychology.Elina Vessonen - 2021 - Synthese 199 (3-4):10615-10637.
    This paper applies conceptual engineering to deal with four objections that have been levelled against operationalism in psychology. These objections are: operationalism leads to harmful proliferation of concepts, operationalism goes hand-in-hand with untenable antirealism, operationalism leads to arbitrariness in scientific concept formation, and operationalism is incompatible with the usual conception of scientific measurement. Relying on a formulation of three principles of conceptual engineering, I will argue that there is a useful form of operationalism that (...)
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  8.  21
    An Operationalist Perspective on Setting Dependence.Ronnie Hermens - 2019 - Foundations of Physics 49 (3):260-282.
    A well known logical loophole for Bell’s theorem is that it relies on setting independence: the assumption that the state of a system is independent of the settings of a measurement apparatus probing the system. In this paper the implications of rejecting this assumption are studied from an operationalist perspective. To this end a generalization of the ontic models framework is proposed that allows setting dependence. It is shown that within this framework Bell’s theorem reduces to the conclusion that no-signaling (...)
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  9.  91
    Operationalism as the Philosophy of Soviet Physics: The Philosophical Backgrounds of L. I. Mandelstam and His School.A. A. Pechenkin - 2000 - Synthese 124 (3):407-432.
    This article is dedicated to the philosophy ofscience which was developed by the outstanding Soviet physicist and leader of a powerful scientificcommunity, L. I. Mandelstam. It is shown that thisphilosophy can be summed up under the heading operationalism. A comparison with the paradigmaticoperationalism of Percy Bridgman is undertaken andthe German positivist roots of Mandelstam's philosophyare indicated. The final section reconstructs the principle ofexpedient idealization, the principle which was putforward by Mandelstam's disciples in the spirit of hisoperationalism to solve problems (...)
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  10.  20
    Operationalist and inferentialist pragmatism: Implications for nursing knowledge development and practice.Ahtisham Younas - 2020 - Nursing Philosophy 21 (4):e12323.
    Philosophical inquiries in nursing are useful for analysing and critiquing existing practices, exploring contextual factors affecting practice, adapting to and sustaining ongoing changes in knowledge development, and facilitating the linkages between theory, research and practice. Nurse scholars used several philosophical schools of thought to guide knowledge development and practice. Pragmatism has been described as essential for bridging the theory–practice gap, for engaging in the inquiry‐based practice and for translating knowledge into practice. The existing descriptions of pragmatism rely on rudimentary descriptions (...)
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  11. Operationalism and ordinary language: A critique of Wittgenstein.Charles S. Chihara & Jerry A. Fodor - 1965 - American Philosophical Quarterly 2 (4):281-95.
    This paper explores some lines of argument in wittgenstein's post-Tractatus writings in order to indicate the relations between wittgenstein's philosophical psychology, On the one hand, And his philosophy of language, His epistemology, And his doctrines about the nature of philosophical analysis on the other. The authors maintain that the later writings of wittgenstein express a coherent doctrine in which an operationalistic analysis of confirmation and language supports a philosophical psychology of a type the authors call "logical behaviorism." they also maintain (...)
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  12.  71
    Operationalism: Idealism or realism?Frank E. Hartung - 1942 - Philosophy of Science 9 (4):350-355.
    As presented by some, operationalism in sociology is Kantian in its view of the universe, of the assumptions and limitations of science, and of the scientist's ability to analyse and present the reality of the universe.In his exposition, George A. Lundberg rests operationalism upon a twofold basis. First there is a materially-conceived nature. This is expressed in the terms “X,” “the cosmos,” or “that which arouses certain responses.” We do not know, cannot know, nor can science tell us, (...)
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  13.  78
    A critique of operationalism in physics.R. B. Lindsay - 1937 - Philosophy of Science 4 (4):456-470.
    It is the aim of this paper to examine certain aspects of a point of view which has attracted much attention in physical methodology. This is the standpoint known as operationalism. We wish to discuss its significance in the construction and interpretation of physical theories.The essential meaning of operationalism in physics is that physical concepts should be defined in terms of actual physical operations. On this view there is no meaning to a concept unless it represents an operation (...)
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  14. Operationalism.Hasok Chang - 2009 - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
  15.  83
    The Tragedy of Operationalism.Mark H. Bickhard - unknown
    Operational definitions were a neo-Machean development that connected with the positivism of Logical Positivism. Logical Positivism failed, with the failure of operational definitions being just one of multiple and multifarious failures of Logical Positivism more broadly. Operationalism, however, has continued to seduce psychology more than half a century after it was repudiated by philosophers of science, including the very Logical Positivists who had first taken it seriously. It carries with it a presupposed metaphysics that is false in virtually all (...)
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  16. Operationalism: The relationship between concepts and operations (a glimpse to Percy bridgman).Keyvan Alasti - forthcoming - Philosophical Investigations.
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  17.  49
    The operationalistic and hermeneutic status of psychoanalysis.Marco Buzzoni - 2001 - Journal for General Philosophy of Science / Zeitschrift für Allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie 32 (1):131--165.
    Hermeneutic and anti-hermeneutic sides in the debate about psychoanalysis are entangled in an epistemological and methodological antinomy, here exemplified by Grünbaum's and Spence's paradigmatic views. Both contain a partial element of truth, which they assert dialectically one against the other (§§ 1 and 2). This antinomy disappears only by reconciling an operationalist approach with man's ability to suspend the effectiveness of the‘laws’ applied to him (§ 3). The hermeneutic way in which the technical-operational criterion of truth works in psychoanalysis demands (...)
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  18.  37
    Experimental Accuracy, Operationalism, and Limits of Knowledge – 1925 to 1935.Mara Beller - 1988 - Science in Context 2 (1):147-162.
    The ArgumentThis paper analyzes the complex and many-layered interrelation between the realization of the inevitable limits of precision in the experimental domain, the emerging quantum theory, and empirically oriented philosophy in the years 1925–1935. In contrast to the usual historical presentation of Heisenberg's uncertainty principle as a purely theoretical achievement, this work discloses the experimental roots of Heisenberg's contribution. In addition, this paper argues that the positivistic philosophy of elimination of unobservables was not used as a guiding principle in the (...)
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  19. Operationalism and ordinary language.C. S. Chihara & J. A. Fodor - 1967 - In Harold Morick (ed.), Wittgenstein and the Problem of Other Minds. [Brighton], Sussex: Humanities Press. pp. 35-62.
  20. Operationalism.D. A. Gillies - 1972 - Synthese 25 (1-2):1 - 24.
  21. Operationalism.G. Schlesinger - 1967 - In Paul Edwards (ed.), The Encyclopedia of philosophy. New York,: Macmillan. pp. 5--543.
     
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  22.  55
    Use and violation of operationalism in relativity.Roberto de Andrade Martins - 1981 - Manuscrito: Revista Internacional de Filosofía 5 (2):103-115.
    Einstein knew and accepted some philosophical ideas similar to Bridgman's operationalism, at the time when he developed the theory of relativity. It is possible to detect the influence of those ideas both in the special and the general theories. Some of the basic steps taken by Einstein were essentially operationalistic: they could not be justified without epistemological principles of that kind. The common opinion is held that the special theory of relativity embodied a complete and coherent operational elucidation of (...)
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  23. Operationalism and Ordinary Language a Critique of Wittgenstein.Charles Seiyo Chihara & Jerry A. Fodor - 1965 - Bobbs-Merrill.
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  24.  23
    Operationalist fallacies in biology.Martin Mahner - 1998 - Science & Education 7 (4):403-421.
  25.  56
    (1 other version)Psychology and operationalism.L. S. Hearnshaw - 1941 - Australasian Journal of Philosophy 19 (1):44-57.
  26. Logical Positivism, Operationalism, and Behaviorism.Robert Elias Abu Shanab - 1969 - Dissertation, The Ohio State University
  27.  76
    First-person operationalism and mental taxonomy.David M. Rosenthal - 1994 - Philosophical Topics 22 (1/2):319-349.
  28.  56
    A dogma of operationalism in the social sciences.Hugh G. Petrie - 1971 - Philosophy of the Social Sciences 1 (1):145-160.
  29.  20
    Structuralism vs. Operationalism.C. Ulises Moulines - 1998 - ProtoSociology 12:78-91.
  30.  29
    (1 other version)Some Realistic Implications of Operationalism.A. C. Benjamin, Donald C. Williams, Ernest Nagel & Friedrich Waismann - 1939 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 4 (4):171-171.
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  31.  27
    Constructivism and Operationalism in the Foundations of Quantum Mechanics.G. Cattaneo, M. L. Dalla Chiara & R. Giuntini - 1995 - Vienna Circle Institute Yearbook 3:21-31.
    The debate about constructivism in physics has led to different kinds of questions that can be conventionally framed in two classes. One concerns the mathematics that is considered for the theoretical development of physics. The other is concerned with the experimental parts of physical theories. It is unnecessary to observe that the intersection between our two classes of problems is far from being empty. In this paper we will mainly deal with topics belonging to the second class. However, let us (...)
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  32. Topology, Empiricism, and Operationalism.Ernest W. Adams - 1996 - The Monist 79 (1):1-20.
    How do concepts of topology such as that of a boundary apply to the empirical world? Take the example of a chess board, represented here with black squares in black and red squares in white. We see by looking at the board that the squares of any one color have common boundaries only with squares of the opposite color, but each square has corners in common with other squares of the same color, which are points at which their common boundaries (...)
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  33. Reduction, function, and double operationalism in philosophy of biology.Majid Davodi - forthcoming - Philosophical Investigations.
     
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  34.  38
    On sacramental man: V The way of sacramental operationalism.B. R. Brinkman & J. S. - 1973 - Heythrop Journal 14 (4):396–416.
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  35.  67
    The unholy alliance of positivism and operationalism.A. Cornelius Benjamin - 1942 - Journal of Philosophy 39 (23):617-625.
  36.  28
    Zur kritik eines operationalistischen arguments.Klaus Jürgen Düsberg - 1995 - Journal for General Philosophy of Science / Zeitschrift für Allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie 26 (2):313 - 322.
    An operationalist argument criticized. Operationism maintains that the relation between a quantity and its operational criteria is established by definition. The assertion that the relation holds cannot be an empirical hypothesis; it is neither falsifiable nor confirmable, since it is not even testable. With an example concerning the measurement of time it is shown that this argument rests upon an untenable presupposition.
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  37.  60
    Erkenntnistheoretische und ontologische probleme der theoretischen begriffe.Marco Buzzoni - 1997 - Journal for General Philosophy of Science / Zeitschrift für Allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie 28 (1):19-53.
    Operationalism and theoretical entities. The thesis of the“theory ladenness” of observation leads to an antinomy. In order to solve this antinomy a technical operationalism is sketched, according to which theories should in principle not contain anything that cannot be reduced to technical procedures. This implies the rejection of Quine's underdeterminacy thesis and of many views about the theoretical-observational distinction, e.g. neopositivistic views, van Fraassen's view, Sneed-Stegmüller's view. Then I argue for the following theses: 1. All scientific concepts are (...)
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  38. Hugo Dingler.Gereon Wolters - 1988 - Science in Context 2 (2):359-367, 406-408.
    This is an introduction to the English translation of Hogo Dingler's (1881-1954) grounsbreaking paper "Methodik statt Erkenntnistheorie und Wissenschaftslehre". Dingler is the founder of operationalism in physics and relatively little know in the Anglophone world.
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  39.  18
    Different Roles for Multiple Perspectives and Rigorous Testing in Scientific Theories and Models: Towards More Open, Context-Appropriate Verificationism.Peter Cariani - 2022 - Philosophies 7 (3):54.
    A form of context-appropriate verificationism is proposed that distinguishes between scientific theories as evolving systems of ideas and operationally-specified, testable formal-empirical models. Theories undergo three stages (modes): a formative, exploratory, heuristic phase of theory conception, a developmental phase of theory-pruning and refinement, and a mature, rigorous phase of testing specific, explicit models. The first phase depends on Feyerabendian open possibility, the second on theoretical plausibility and internal coherence, and the third on testability (falsifiability, predictive efficacy). Multiple perspectives produce variety necessary (...)
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  40.  44
    Control and unfreedom.Felix E. Oppenheim - 1955 - Philosophy of Science 22 (4):280-288.
    1. Introduction. Now that operationalism has evolved from a battle cry of a militant minority to a widely accepted maxim of scientific method, and has in the process lost much of its initial intransigeance, it seems time to devote more attention to the application of operational analysis to the social sciences. This paper attempts to explicate some basic concepts in the behavioral sciences, both individual and social, namely, ‘control’ and ‘unfreedom,’ as well as the concepts by which they will (...)
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  41. Essential philosophy of psychiatry.Timothy Thornton - 2007 - New York: Oxford University Press.
    Essential Philosophy of Psychiatry is a concise introduction to the growing field of philosophy of psychiatry. Divided into three main aspects of psychiatric clinical judgement, values, meanings and facts, it examines the key debates about mental health care, and the philosophical ideas and tools needed to assess those debates, in six chapters. In addition to outlining the state of play, Essential Philosophy of Psychiatry presents a coherent and unified approach across the different debates, characterized by a rejection of reductionism and (...)
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  42.  72
    The Metaphysics of Measurement.Chris Swoyer - 1987 - In J. Forge (ed.), Measurement, Realism and Objectivity: Essays on Measurement in the Social and Physical Sciences. Springer Verlag. pp. 235–290.
    My thesis is that there are good reasons for a philosophical account of measurement to deal primarily with the properties or magnitudes of objects measured, rather than with the objects themselves. The account I present here embodies both a realism about measurement and a realism about the existence of the properties involved in measurement. It thus provides an alternative to most current treatments of measurement, many of which are operationalistic or conventionalistic, and nearly all of which are nominalistic.1 This enables (...)
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  43.  4
    Analisi operazionale e operazionalismo.Umberto Curi - 1970 - Padova: CEDAM.
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  44. Representations: philosophical essays on the foundations of cognitive science.Jerry A. Fodor - 1981 - Cambridge: MIT Press.
    Introduction: Something on the State of the Art 1 I. Functionalism and Realism 1. Operationalism and Ordinary Language 35 2. The Appeal to Tacit Knowledge in Psychological Explanations 63 3. What Psychological States are Not 79 4. Three Cheers for Propositional Attitudes 100 II. Reduction and Unity of Science 5. Special Sciences 127 6. Computation and Reduction 146 III. Intensionality and Mental Representation 7. Propositional Attitudes 177 8. Tom Swift and His Procedural Grandmother 204 9. Methodological Solipsism Considered as (...)
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  45. Ramsey and Joyce on Deliberation and Prediction.Yang Liu & Huw Price - 2020 - Synthese 197:4365-4386.
    Can an agent deliberating about an action A hold a meaningful credence that she will do A? 'No', say some authors, for 'Deliberation Crowds Out Prediction' (DCOP). Others disagree, but we argue here that such disagreements are often terminological. We explain why DCOP holds in a Ramseyian operationalist model of credence, but show that it is trivial to extend this model so that DCOP fails. We then discuss a model due to Joyce, and show that Joyce's rejection of DCOP rests (...)
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  46.  14
    There is no generalizability crisis.Daniël Lakens, Duygu Uygun Tunç & Mehmet Necip Tunç - 2022 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 45.
    Falsificationist and confirmationist approaches provide two well-established ways of evaluating generalizability. Yarkoni rejects both and invents a third approach we call neo-operationalism. His proposal cannot work for the hypothetical concepts psychologists use, because the universe of operationalizations is impossible to define, and hypothetical concepts cannot be reduced to their operationalizations. We conclude that he is wrong in his generalizability-crisis diagnosis.
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  47. The axiomatization of classical mechanics.Herbert A. Simon - 1954 - Philosophy of Science 21 (4):340-343.
    The purpose of this note is to examine a recent axiomatization of classical particle mechanics, and its relation to an alternative axiomatization I had earlier proposed. A comparison of the two proposals casts some interesting light on the problems of operationalism in classical celestial mechanics.1. Comparison of the Two Axiomatizations. The basic differences between the two proposals arise from the nature of the undefined terms. Both systems take the set of particles, time, and position as primitive notions. Both systems (...)
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  48.  18
    Infrared Cancellation and Measurement.Michael E. Miller - 2021 - Philosophy of Science 88 (5):1125-1136.
    Quantum field theories containing massless particles are divergent not just in the ultraviolet but also in the infrared. Infrared divergences are typically regarded as less conceptually problematic than ultraviolet divergences because there is a cancellation mechanism that renders measurable physical observables such as decay rates and cross-sections infrared finite. In this article, I scrutinize the restriction to measurable physical observables that is required to arrive at infrared finite results. I argue that the restriction does not necessitate a retreat to (...) about the meaning of the theory, but it does call attention to underappreciated features of the infrared regime. (shrink)
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  49.  26
    The conventionality of real valued quantities.Marissa Bennett & Michael Miller - forthcoming - Philosophy of Science.
    The representational theory of measurement provides a collection of results that specify the conditions under which an attribute admits of numerical representation. The original architects of the theory interpreted the formalism operationally and explicitly acknowledged that some aspects of their representations are conventional. There have been a number of recent efforts to reinterpret the formalism to arrive at a more metaphysically robust account of physical quantities. In this paper we argue that the conventional elements of the representations afforded by the (...)
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  50. The adolescence of relativity: Einstein, Minkowski, and the philosophy of space and time.Dennis Dieks - unknown
    An often repeated account of the genesis of special relativity tells us that relativity theory was to a considerable extent the fruit of an operationalist philosophy of science. Indeed, Einstein’s 1905 paper stresses the importance of rods and clocks for giving concrete physical content to spatial and temporal notions. I argue, however, that it would be a mistake to read too much into this. Einstein’s operationalist remarks should be seen as serving rhetoric purposes rather than as attempts to promulgate a (...)
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