Primary sources and translations

Works by Abū Bakr Muhammad al-Rāzī

Works by other authors

Secondary Sources

• Adamson, Peter, 2008a, “Platonic Pleasures in Epicurus and al-Rāzī”, in Adamson 2008b: 71–94. (Scholar)
• ––– (ed.), 2008b In the Age of al-Fārābī: Arabic Philosophy in the Fourth/Tenth Century, London: Warburg Institute. (Scholar)
• –––, 2012, “Abū Bakr al-Rāzī on Animals”, Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie, 94(3): 249–273. doi:10.1515/agph-2012-0011 (Scholar)
• –––, 2016, “Abū Bakr al-Rāzī (d. 925), The Spiritual Medicine”, in The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Philosophy, Khaled El-Rouayheb and Sabine Schmitdke (eds), Oxford: Oxford University Press, 63–82. (Scholar)
• –––, 2019, “Health in Arabic Ethical Works”, in Health: a History, Peter Adamson (ed.), New York: Oxford University Press, 103–135. doi:10.1093/oso/9780199916429.003.0006 (Scholar)
• –––, 2021, Great Medieval Thinkers: al-Rāzī, New York: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Adamson, Peter and Andreas Lammer, 2020, “Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī’s Platonist Account of the Essence of Time”, in Philosophical Theology in Islam: The Later Ashʿarī Tradition, Ayman Shihadeh and Jan Thiele (eds.), Leiden: Brill, 95–122. (Scholar)
• Baffioni, Carmela, 1982, Atomismo e antiatomismo nel pensiero islamico, Naples: Istituto universitario orientale. (Scholar)
• Bar-Asher, Meir M., 1989, “Quelques aspects de l’éthique d’Abū Bakr al-Rāzī et ses origines dans l’oeuvre de Galien”, 2 parts, Studia Islamica, 69: 5–38; 70: 119–147. (Scholar)
• Daiber, Hans, 2016, “Abū Bakr al-Rāzī”, in Philosophy in the Islamic World: 8^th–10^th Centuries, Ulrich Rudolph, Rotraud Hansberger, and Peter Adamson (eds.), Leiden: Brill, 381–420. (Scholar)
• Dhanani, Alnoor, 1994, The Physical Theory of Kalām: Atoms, Space and Void in Basrian Muʿtazilī Cosmology, Leiden: Brill. (Scholar)
• Druart, Thérèse-Anne, 1996, “Al-Razi’s Conception of the Soul: Psychological Background to his Ethics”, Medieval Philosophy and Theology, 5(2): 245–263. [Druart 1996 available online] (Scholar)
• –––, 1997, “The Ethics of al-Razi (865–925?)”, Medieval Philosophy and Theology, 6(1): 47–71. [Druart 1997 available online] (Scholar)
• –––, 2003, “Alrazi”, in A Companion to Philosophy in the Middle Ages, Jorge J. E. Gracia and Timothy B. Noone (eds.), Oxford: Blackwell, 136–37. doi:10.1002/9780470996669.ch20 (Scholar)
• El Omari, Racha, 2016, The Theology of Abū l-Qāsim al-Balkhī/al-Kaʿbī (d.319/931), Leiden: Brill. (Scholar)
• Fakhry, Majid, 1968, “A Tenth-Century Arabic Interpretation of Plato’s Cosmology”, Journal of the History of Philosophy, 6(1): 15–22. (Scholar)
• Goodman, Lenn Evan, 1971, “The Epicurean Ethic of Muhammad Ibn Zakariya’ Ar-Razi”, Studia Islamica, 34: 5–26. doi:10.2307/1595324 (Scholar)
• –––, 1975, “Rāzī’s Myth of the Fall of Soul: its Function in his Philosophy”, in Essays on Islamic Philosophy and Science, George Fadlo Hourani (ed.), Albany, NY: SUNY Press, 25–40.
• –––, 1999, “Rāzī and Epicurus”, in Jewish and Islamic Philosophy: Crosspollinations in the Classical Age, Lenn E. Goodman (ed.), Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 35–67. (Scholar)
• –––, 2015, “How Epicurean was Rāzī?”, Studia graeco-arabica, 5: 247–280. [Goodman 2015 available online] (Scholar)
• Groff, Peter S., 2014, “Leaving the Garden: Al-Rāzī and Nietzsche as Wayward Epicureans”, Philosophy East and West, 64(4): 983–1017. doi:10.1353/pew.2014.0084 (Scholar)
• Hasse, Dag Nikolaus, 2016, Success and Suppression: Arabic Sciences and Philosophy in the Renaissance, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. (Scholar)
• Ierodiakonou, Katerina, 2014, “On Galen’s Theory of Vision”, in Philosophical Themes in Galen (Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies Supplements), Peter Adamson, Rotraud Hansberger, and James Wilberding (eds.), London: Institute of Classical Studies, 235–247. (Scholar)
• Iskandar, Albert Zaki, 1962, “Al-Rāzī, al-Ṭabīb al-Iklīnīkī”, Al-Mashreq 56: 217–82; English translation by Zakia and Peter E. Pormann in Islamic Medical and Scientific Tradition, Critical Concepts in Islamic Studies, 4 vols, Peter E. Pormann (ed.), London: 2011, vol. 1, 207–253. (Scholar)
• Koetschet, Pauline, 2015, “Galien, al-Rāzī, et l’éternité du monde. Les fragment du traité Sur la Démonstration IV, dans les Doutes sur Galien”, Arabic Sciences and Philosophy, 25(2): 167–198. doi:10.1017/s0957423915000016 (Scholar)
• –––, 2017a, “Abū Bakr al-Rāzī on Vision”, in Philosophy and Medicine in the Formative Period of Islam, Peter Adamson and Peter E. Pormann (eds.), London: Warburg Institute, 170–189. (Scholar)
• –––, 2017b, “Abū Bakr al-Rāzī et le signe: fragment retrouvé d’un traité logique perdu”, Arabic Sciences and Philosophy, 27(1): 75–114. doi:10.1017/s0957423916000102 (Scholar)
• Kraus, Paul, 1942–3, Jābir Ibn Ḥayyān, 2 vols, Cairo: Institut d'archéologie orientale. (Scholar)
• Langermann, Y. Tzvi, 2009, “Islamic Atomism and the Galenic Tradition”, History of Science, 47(3): 277–295. doi:10.1177/007327530904700302 (Scholar)
• Lucchetta, Giulio A., 1987, La natura e la sfera: la scienza antica e le sue metafore nella critica di Rāzī, Lecce: Milella. (Scholar)
• Mohaghegh, Mahdī, 1970, Filsūf-i-Rayy, Tehran: Intishārāt-e Anjuman-e Āṯār-e Millī. (Scholar)
• –––, 1973, “Al-Rāzī fī al-Ṭibb al-Rūhānī”, Maʿārif Islāmī, 14: 30–63. (Scholar)
• Pines, Shlomo, 1936 [1997], Beiträge zur islamischen Atomenlehre, Berlin: Heine. Translated as Studies in Islamic Atomism, Michael Schwarz (ed.), Jerusalem: Magnes. (Scholar)
• Pormann, Peter E., 2008, “Medical Methodology and Hospital Practice: the Case of Fourth-/Tenth-Century Baghdad”, in Adamson 2008b: 95–118. (Scholar)
• Rashed, Marwan, 2000, “Abū Bakr al-Rāzī et le kalām”, MIDEO, 24: 39–54. [Rashed 2000 available online] (Scholar)
• –––, 2008, “Abū Bakr al-Rāzī et la prophétie”, MIDEO, 27: 169–182. [Rashed 2008 available online] (Scholar)
• Ruska, Julius, 1935, “Die Alchemie Ar-Rāzī’s.”, Der Islam, 22(4): 281–319. doi:10.1515/islm.1935.22.4.281 (Scholar)
• Savage-Smith, Emilie, 2012, “The Working Files of Rhazes: Are the Jāmiʾ and the Ḥāwī Identical?” in Medieval Arabic Thought: Essays in Honour of Fritz Zimmermann, Rotraud Hansberger, M. Afifi al-Akiti and Charles Burnett (eds.), London: Warburg Institute, 163–180. (Scholar)
• Shihadeh, Ayman, 2006, The Teleological Ethics of Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī, Leiden: Brill. (Scholar)
• Siriasi, Nancy G., 1990, Medieval and Early Renaissance Medicine: an Introduction to Knowledge and Practice, Chicago: Chicago University Press. (Scholar)
• –––, 1997 The Clock and the Mirror: Girolamo Cardano and Renaissance Medicine, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. (Scholar)
• Strohmaier, Gotthard, 1974, “Die arabische Sokrateslegende und ihre Ursprünge”, in Studia Coptica, Peter Nagel (ed.), Berlin: Akademie, 121–136. (Scholar)
• Stroumsa, Sarah, 1999, Freethinkers of Medieval Islam: Ibn al-Rāwandī, Abū Bakr al-Rāzī, and their Impact on Islamic Thought, Leiden: Brill. (Scholar)
• Urvoy, Dominique, 1996, Les penseurs libres dans l’Islam classique, Paris: Michel. (Scholar)
• Vallat, Philippe, 2015a, “La chute de l’homme, fondement de l’anthropologique, du religieux et du politique. Les enseignement ‘rhaziens’ d’une comparaison entre théologies islamique (sunnite) et chretienne (arabe et latine)”, in L’ordre social et les religions (Studia Arabica 25), Versailles: Éditions de Paris, 197–273. (Scholar)
• –––, 2015b, “Between Hellenism, Islam, and Christianity: Abū Bakr al-Rāzī and His Controversies with Contemporary Muʿtazilite Theologians as Reported by the Ashʿarite Theologian and Philosopher Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī”, in Ideas in Motion in Baghdad and Beyond: Philosophical and Theological Exchanges between Christians and Muslims in the Third/Ninth and Fourth/Tenth Centuries, Damien Janos (ed.), Leiden: Brill, 178–220. (Scholar)
• –––, 2016, “Can Man Assess God’s Goodness? A Controversy Between Abū Bakr al-Rāzī (d. 925) and Muʿtazilī Theologians”, MIDEO, 31: 213–251. [Vallat 2016 available online] (Scholar)