Africana Philosophy

• Gordon, L, 2008, An Introduction to Africana Philosophy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• Monahan, M. J., 2007, “Africana Philosophy: Globalizing the Diversity Curriculum,” in Diversity & Democracy, 10 (3): 12–13. (Scholar)
• Outlaw, Jr., L., 1996, “Africana Philosophy,” in L. T. Outlaw (Jr.), On Race and Philosophy, New York: Routledge, pp. 75–95. (Scholar)
• Outlaw, Jr., L., 1997, “African, African American, Africana Philosophy,” in J. P. Pittman (ed.), African-American Perspectives and Philosophical Traditions, New York: Routledge, pp. 63–93. (Scholar)
• Outlaw, Jr., L., 2004, “Africana Philosophy: Origins and Prospects,” in K. Wiredu (ed.), A Companion to African Philosophy, Malden, MA: Blackwell, pp. 90–98. (Scholar)

African Philosophy

• Abraham, W. E., 1962, The Mind of Africa, Chicago: University of Chicago Press. (Scholar)
• Appiah, K. A, 1992, In My Father’s House: Africa in the Philosophy of Culture, New York: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Bell, R. A., 2002, Understanding African Philosophy: A Cross-Cultural Approach to Classical and Contemporary Issues, New York: Routledge. (Scholar)
• Bodunrin, P. (ed.), 1985, Philosophy in Africa: Trends and Perspectives, Ife, Nigeria: University of Ife Press. (Scholar)
• Carp, I., & C. S. Bird (eds.), 1980, Explorations in African Systems of Thought, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. (Scholar)
• Carruthers, J., 1984, Essays in Ancient Egyptian Studies, Los Angeles, CA: University of Sankore Press. (Scholar)
• Crahay, F., 1965, “Conceptual Take-off Conditions for a Bantu Philosophy,”Diogenes, 52: 55–78. (Scholar)
• Eze, E. C. (ed.), 1997, Postcolonial African Philosophy: A Critical Reader, Cambridge, MA: Blackwell. (Scholar)
• Eze, E. C. (ed.), 1998, African Philosophy: An Anthology, Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. (Scholar)
• Eze, E. C., 2001, Achieving Our Humanity: The Idea of the Postracial Future, New York: Routledge. (Scholar)
• Diop, C. A., 1974, The African Origin of Civilization: Myth or Reality, M. Cook (trans. and ed.), Chicago, IL: Lawrence Hill. (Scholar)
• Diop, A., 1975, “Remarks on African Personality and Négritude,” in G.-C. Mutiso & S. Rohio (eds.), Readings in African Political Thought, London, England: Heinemann. (Scholar)
• Forde, D. (ed.), 1954, African Worlds: Studies in the Cosmological Ideas and Social Values of African Peoples, London, England: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Fortes, M., & G. Dieterlen (eds.), 1965, African Systems of Thought, London, England: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Gbadegesin, S., 1991, African Philosophy: Traditional Yoruba Philosophy and Contemporary African Realities, New York: Peter Lang. (Scholar)
• Geiss, I., 1974, The Pan-African Movement, New York: Africana Publishing Co. (Scholar)
• Griaule, M., 1965, Conversations with Ogotemmeli, New York: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Gyekye, K., 1995, An Essay on African Philosophical Thought: The Akan Conceptual Scheme, 2nd edition, Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press. (Scholar)
• Gyekye, K., 1997, Tradition and Modernity: Philosophical Reflections on the African Experience, New York: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Hallen, B., 2009, A Short History of African Philosophy, 2nd edition, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. (Scholar)
• Hountondji, P., 1996, African Philosophy: Myth and Reality, 2nd edition, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. (Scholar)
• Hountondji, P., 1997, The Struggle for Meaning: Reflections on Philosophy, Culture, and Democracy in Africa, Dakar, Senegal: CODESRIA. (Scholar)
• Hume, D., [1742] 1854, “Of National Characters,” in D. Hume, The Philosophical Works of David Hume (Volume 3), Boston: Little, Brown, pp. 211–236. (Scholar)
• James, G., 1954, Stolen Legacy, New York: Philosophical Libary. (Scholar)
• Kant, I., [1764] 1960, Observations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and Sublime, J.T. Goldthwait (trans.), Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. (Scholar)
• Kant, I., [1778] 2006, Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View, R.B. Louden (ed.), Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• Karenga, M. (ed.), 1986, Kemet and the African Worldview: Research, Rescue and Restoration, Los Angeles, CA: University of Sankore Press. (Scholar)
• Kwame, S. (ed.), 1995, Readings in African Philosophy: An Akan Collection, Lanham, MD: University Press of America. (Scholar)
• Masolo, D. A., 1994, African Philosophy in Search of Identity, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. (Scholar)
• Masolo, D.A., & I. Carp, (eds.), 2000, African Philosophy as Cultural Inquiry, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. (Scholar)
• Menkiti, I. A., 1971, Affirmations, Chicago, IL: Third World Press. (Scholar)
• Menkiti, I. A., 1978, The Jubilation of Falling Bodies: Poems, Phoenix, AZ: Pomegranate Press. (Scholar)
• Mosley, A. G. (ed.), 1995, African Philosophy: Selected Readings, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. (Scholar)
• Mudimbe, V.Y., 1983, “African Philosophy as an Ideological Practice: The Case of French-Speaking Africa,” African Studies Review, 26 (Nos. 3–4), pp. 133–154. (Scholar)
• Mudimbe, V.Y., 1988, The Invention of Africa: Gnosis, Philosophy, and the Order of Knowledge, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. (Scholar)
• Nkome, O., & A. Smet, 1978, “Panarama de la Philosophie Africaine Contemporaine,” Recherches Philosophiques Africaines: Mélanges de Philosophie Africaine, 3: 263–282. (Scholar)
• Nzegwu, N. , 2004, “Art and Community: A Social Conception of Beauty and Individuality,” in K. Wiredu (ed.), A Companion to African Philosophy, Malden, MA: Blackwell, pp. 415–424. (Scholar)
• Nzegwu, N., 2006, Family Matters: Feminist Concepts in African Philosophy of Culture, New York: SUNY Press (Scholar)
• Olela, H., 1981, From Ancient Africa To Ancient Greece, Atlanta, GA: Select Publishing Co. (Scholar)
• Oruka, H., 1990a, “Four Trends in Curent African Philosophy,” in H. Oruka, Trends in Contemporary African Philosophy, Nairobi, Kenya: Shirikon Publishers, pp. 13–22. (Scholar)
• Oruka, H., 1990b, Sage Philosophy: Indigenous Thinkers and Modern Debate on African Philosophy, Leiden, Netherlands: E.J. Brill. (Scholar)
• Outlaw, Jr., L., 1987, “African ‘Philosophy’: Deconstructive and Reconstructive Challenges,” in G. Fløistad (ed.), Contemporary Philosophy: A New Survey, Vol 5: African Philosophy, Boston, MA: Martinus Nijhoff, pp. 19–26. (Scholar)
• Senghor, L. S., 1975, “What is Négritude?,” in G.-C. Mutiso & S. Rohio (eds.), Readings in African Political Thought, London: Heinemann. (Scholar)
• Serequeberhan, T., 1991, African Philosophy: The Essential Readings, New York: Paragon House. (Scholar)
• Serequeberhan, T., 1994, The Hermeneutics of African Philosophy: Horizon and Discourse, New York: Routledge. (Scholar)
• Sodipo, J. O. & B. Hallen, 1997, Knowledge, Belief and Witchcraft: Analytic Experiments in African Philosophy, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. (Scholar)
• Sumner, C., 1976–78, Treatise of Zärʾa Yaʻe̳qob and of Wäldä He̳yw·at, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Addis Ababa University. (Scholar)
• Olúfemi, T., 2010, “‘The love of freedom brought us here’: An Introduction to Modern African Political Philosophy,” The South Atlantic Quarterly, 109 (2): 391–410. (Scholar)
• Tempels, P., 1945, Bantu Philosophy, (C. King, trans.), Paris, France: Présence Africain. (Scholar)
• Wiredu, K., 1985, “The Concept of Truth in the Akan Language,” in P. Bodunrin (ed.), Philosophy in Africa: Trends and Perspectives, Ife, Nigeria: University of Ife Press. (Scholar)
• Wiredu, K., 1987, “The Akan Concept of Mind,” in G. Fløistad (ed.), Contemporary Philosophy: Vol. 5: A New Survey: African Philosophy, Boston, MA: Martinus Ninhoff. (Scholar)
• Wiredu, K. (ed.), 2004, A Companion to African Philosophy, Malden, MA: Blackwell. (Scholar)
• Wright, R. A., 1984, African Philosophy: An Introduction (3rd edition), Lanham, MD: University Press of America. (Scholar)

African American Philosophy

• Alexander, S. T., [1930] 1995, “Negro Women in Our Economic Life,” in B. Guy-Sheftall (ed.), Words of Fire: An Anthology of African-American Feminist Thought, New York: The New Press, pp. 96–100. (Scholar)
• Allen, A., 2004, The New Ethics: A Guided Tour of the Twenty-first Century Moral Landscape, New York: Maramax. (Scholar)
• Allen, A., 1988, Uneasy Acess: Provacy for Women in a Free Society, Totowa, NJ: Roman & Littlefield. (Scholar)
• Allen, A., 2003, Why Privacy Isn’t Everything: Feminist Reflections on Personal Accountability, Lanham, MD: Roman & Littlefield. (Scholar)
• Appiah, K. A., 2014, Lines of Descent: W. E. B. Du Bois and the Emergence of Identity, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. (Scholar)
• Birt, R., 1990, “A Returning to the Source: The Philosophy of Alain Locke,” Quest, December, 103–113. (Scholar)
• Birt, R., 1986, “Alienation in the Later Philosophy of Jean-Paul Sartre,” Man and World, 19, 293–309. (Scholar)
• Blyden, E. W., [1862] 1992, “The Call of Providence to the Descendants of Africa in America,” in H. Brotz (ed.), African-American Social and Political Thought 1850–1920, New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, pp. 112–126. (Scholar)
• Boxill, B., 1984, Blacks and Social Justice, Totowa, NJ: Rowman & Littlefield. (Scholar)
• Bracey, J., A. Meier, & E. Rudwick (eds.), 1970, Black Nationalism in America, New York: Bobbs-Merrill. (Scholar)
• Brotz, H. (ed.), 1992, African-American Social and Political Thought 1850–1920, 2nd edition, New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers. (Scholar)
• Cooper, A. J., [1886] 1997, “Womanhood a Vital Element in the Regeneration and Progress of a Race,” in H.L. Gates, Jr. & N. Y. McKay (eds.), The Norton Anthology of African American Literature, New York: W.W. Norton, pp. 554–569. (Scholar)
• Cooper, A. J., [1892] 1990, A Voice from the South, New York: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Cooper, A. J., [1925] 1988, Slavery and the French Revolutionists (1788–1805), F. R. Keller, (trans.), Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press. (Scholar)
• Crummell, A., 1995, Civilization and Progress: Selected Writings of Alexander Crummell on the South, J. Oldfield (ed.), Charlottesville, VA: University Press of Virginia. (Scholar)
• Crummell, A., [1860] 1992, “The Relations and Duties of Free Colored Men in America to Africa” (excerp), in H. Brotz (ed.), African-American Social and Political Thought 1850–1920, New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, pp. 171–190. (Scholar)
• Curry, T. J. (ed.), 2016, The Philosophical Treatise of William H. Ferris: Selected Readings from The African Abroad or, His Evolution in Western Civilization, New York: Rowman & Littlefield. (Scholar)
• Davis, A., 1998, Blues Legacies and Black Feminism: Gertrude “Ma” Rainey, Bessie Smith, and Billie Holiday, New York: Pantheon Books. (Scholar)
• Davis, A., 1971, If They Come in the Morning, New York: Third Press. (Scholar)
• Davis, A., 1990, Women, Culture and Politics, New York: Vintage Books. (Scholar)
• Delany, M. R., [1852] 2004, The Condition, Elevation, Emigration, and Destiny of the Colored People of the United States and Official Report of the Niger Valley Exploring Party, Amherst, NY: Humanity Books. (Scholar)
• Douglass, F., [1845] 2002, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass: An American Slave, Written by Himself, 2nd edition, New York: Bedford/St. Martin’s Press. (Scholar)
• Du Bois, W.E.B., [1903] 1992, “Of Mr. Booker T. Washington and Others,” in H. Brotz (ed.), African-American Social and Political Thought 1850–1920, 2nd edition, New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, pp. 509–518. (Scholar)
• Du Bois, W.E.B., [1897] 1992, “The Conservation of Races,” in H. Brotz (ed.), African-American Social and Political Thought 1850–1920, 2nd edition, New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, pp. 483–492. (Scholar)
• Du Bois, W.E.B., [1960] 1973, “Whither Now and Why,” in H. Aptheker (ed.), The Education of Black People: Ten Critiques, 1906–1960, By W.E.B Du Bois, Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press, pp. 149–158. (Scholar)
• Dunbar-Nelson, A., [1927] 1995, “The Negro Woman and the Ballot,” in B. Guy-Sheftall (ed.), Words of Fire: An Anthology of African-American Feminist Thought, New York: The New Press, pp. 86–89. (Scholar)
• Equiano, O., [1789] 2004, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African, Written by Himself, New York: Modern Library. (Scholar)
• Fortune, T. T., [1844] 1996, “Political Independence of the Negro,” in H. Brotz (ed.), African-American Social and Political Thought 1850–1920, New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, pp. 332–350. (Scholar)
• Franklin, J. H., & A. Moss, Jr., 2000, From Slavery to Freedom: A History of African Americans, 8th edition, New York: Knopf. (Scholar)
• Frye, C., c1988, From Egypt to Don Juan: The Anatomy of Black Studies, Lanham, MD: University Press of America. (Scholar)
• Frye, C., 1980, Level Three: A Black Philosophy Reader, Lanham, MD: University Press of America. (Scholar)
• Fuller, H., 1994, “Towards a Black Aesthetic,” in A. Mitchell (ed.), Within the Circle: An Anthology of African American Literary Criticism from the Harlem Renaissance to the Present, Durham, NC: Duke University Press, pp. 199–206. (Scholar)
• Garnet, H. H., [1848] 1992, “The Past and the Present Condition, and the Destiny of the Colored Race” (excerpt), in H. Brotz (ed.), African-American Social and Political Thought 1850–1920, New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, pp. 199–202. (Scholar)
• Garvey, M. [1922a] 1992, “Race Assimilation,” in H. Brotz (ed.), African-American Social and Political Thought 1850–1920, 2nd edition, New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, pp. 553–554. (Scholar)
• Garvey, M. [1922b] 1992, “The True Solution of the Negro Problem,” in H. Brotz (ed.), African-American Social and Political Thought 1850–1920, 2nd edition, New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, pp. 554–555. (Scholar)
• Garvey, M. [1923] 1992, “An Appeal to the Conscience of the Black Race to See Itself,” in H. Brotz (ed.), African-American Social and Political Thought 1850–1920, 2nd edition, New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, pp. 562–566. (Scholar)
• Garvey, M. & A. J. Garvey, [1925] 1986, The Philosophy and Opinions of Marcus Garvey, Or, Africa for the Africans, Dover, MA: Majority Press. (Scholar)
• Gates, Jr., H.L. & N.Y. McKay (eds.), 1997, The Norton Anthology of African American Literature, New York: W.W. Norton. (Scholar)
• Gayle, Jr., A. (ed.), 1972, The Black Aesthetic, New York: Doubleday. (Scholar)
• Gooding-Williams, R., 2009, In the Shadow of Du Bois: Afro-Modern Political Thought in America, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. (Scholar)
• Glaude, E., 2000, Exodus: Religion, Race and Nation in Early Nineteenth-Century Black America, Chicago: University of Chicago Press. (Scholar)
• Glaude, E. (ed.), 2003, Is It Nation Time?: Contemporary Essays on Black Power and Black Nationalism, Chicago: University of Chicago Press. (Scholar)
• Gooding-Williams, R., 2006, Look, A Negro!, London: Routledge. (Scholar)
• Gordon, L., 1995a, Bad Faith and Antiblack Racism, New Jersey: Humanities Press. (Scholar)
• Gordon, L., 1995b, Fanon and the Crisis of European Man: An Essay on Philosophy and the Human Sciences, New Jersey: Humanities Press. (Scholar)
• Guy-Sheftall, B. (ed.), 1995, Words of Fire: An Anthology of African-American Feminist Thought, New York: The New Press. (Scholar)
• Harper, F. E., [1893] 1995, “Woman’s Political Future,” in B. Guy-Sheftall (ed.), Words of Fire: An Anthology of African-American Feminist Thought, New York: The New Press, pp. 436–439. (Scholar)
• Harris, L. (ed.), 1983, Philosophy Born of Struggle: Anthology of Afro-American Philosophy from 1917, Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt. (Scholar)
• Harris, L., 1989, The Philosophy of Alain Locke: Harlem Renaissance and Beyond, Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press. (Scholar)
• Holly, J. T., [1857] 1992, “A Vindication of the Capacity of the Negro Race for Self-Government and Civilized Progress,” in H. Brotz (ed.), African-American Social and Political Thought 1850–1920, New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, pp. 140–170. (Scholar)
• Huggins, N. I., 2007, Harlem Renaissance, 2nd edition, New York: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• James, J., 1997, Transcending the Talented Tenth: Black Leaders and American Intellectuals, New York: Routledge. (Scholar)
• James, J., & A. Davis (eds.), 1998, The Angela Davis Reader, Malden, MA: Blackwell. (Scholar)
• Johnston, P. E., 1970, Afro-American Philosophers, Montclair, NJ: Montclair State College Press. (Scholar)
• Kennedy, F., [1946] 1995, “A Comparative Study: Accentuating the Similarities of the Societal Position of Women and Negroes,” in B. Guy-Sheftall (ed.), Words of Fire: An Anthology of African-American Feminist Thought, New York: The New Press, pp. 102–106. (Scholar)
• Kirkland, F., 1997, “Modernity and Intellectual Life in Black,” in J. Pittman (ed.), African-American Perspectives and Philosophical Traditions, New York: Routledge, pp. 136–165. (Scholar)
• Kirkland, F., 2004, “The Problem of the Color Line: Normative or Empirical, Evolving or Non-Evolving,” Philosophia Africana: Analysis of Philosohy and Issues in Africa and the Black Diaspora, 7 (1): 57–82. (Scholar)
• Kuklick, B., 2001, A History of Philosophy in America, 1720–2000, Oxford: Clarendon Press. (Scholar)
• Kuklick, B., 2008, Black Philosopher, White Academy, Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press. (Scholar)
• Lawson, B., & H. McGary, 1993, Between Slavery and Freedom, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. (Scholar)
• Locke, A. (ed.), 1925, The New Negro: An Interpretation, New York: A. and C. Boni. (Scholar)
• Lott, T. L. (ed.), 2002, African-American Philosophy: Selected Readings, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. (Scholar)
• Lott, T. L., & J. P. Pittman (eds.), 2003, A Companion to African-American Philosophy, Malden, MA: Blackwell. (Scholar)
• Martin, T., 1986, Race First: The Ideological and Organizational Struggles of Marcus Garvey and the Universal Negro Improvement Association, 2nd edition, Dover, MA: Majority Press. (Scholar)
• McClendon, III, J. H., 2004, “The African American Philosopher and Academic Philosophy: On the Problem of Historical Interpretation,” American Philosophical Association Newsletters: Newsletter on Philosophy and the Black Experience, 4 (1): 1–9. (Scholar)
• McDade, J. (ed.), 1977–78, The Philosophical Forum: Special Issue: Philosophy and Black Experience, 9 (Winter-Spring). (Scholar)
• McDougald, E. J., [1924] 1995, “The Struggle of Negro Women for Sex and Race Emancipation,” in B. Guy-Sheftall (ed.), Words of Fire: An Anthology of African-American Feminist Thought, New York: The New Press, pp. 80–83. (Scholar)
• McGary, H., 1999, Race and Social Justice, Hoboken: Wiley-Blackwell. (Scholar)
• Mills, C. W., 1998, Blackness Visible: Essays on Philosophy and Race. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. (Scholar)
• Mills, C. W., 1999, The Racial Contract. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. (Scholar)
• Montmarquet, J. A., & W. H. Hardy (eds.), 2000, Reflections: An Anthology of African American Philosophy, Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. (Scholar)
• Moody-Adams, M., 1997, Fieldwork in Familiar Places: Morality, Culture, and Philosophy, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. (Scholar)
• Mosley, A., 2007, “The Moral Significance of the Music of the Black Atlantic,” Philosophy East and West, 57 (3): 345–356. (Scholar)
• Piper, A., 1996, Out of Order, Out of Sight, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. (Scholar)
• Pittman, J. P. (ed.), 1996, African-American Perspectives and Philosophical Traditions, New York: Routledge. (Scholar)
• Radford-Curry, B., 1994, “On the Social Construction of a Women’s and Gender Studies Major,” in S. M. Deats, & L. T. Lenker (eds.), Gender and Academe: Feminist Pedagogy and Politics. Lanham, MD: Roman & Littlefield. (Scholar)
• Shelby, T., 2005, We Who Are Dark: The Philosophical Foundations of Black Solidarity, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. (Scholar)
• Stewart, M. W., [1831] 1987, “Religion and the Pure Principles of Morality,” in M. Richardson (ed.), Maria W. Stewart, America’s First Black Political Writer: Essays and Speeches, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, pp. 28–42. (Scholar)
• Taylor, P.C., 2003, Race: A Philosophical Introduction, London: Polity Press. (Scholar)
• –––, 2016, Black Is Beautiful: A Philosophy of Black Aesthetics, Hoboken: Wiley-Blackwell. (Scholar)
• Terrell, M. C., [1904] 1995, “The Progress of Colored Women,” in B. Guy-Sheftall (ed.), Words of Fire: An Anthology of African-American Feminist Thought, New York: The New Press, pp. 64–68. (Scholar)
• Thomas, L., 1989, Living Morally: A Psychology of Moral Character, Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press. (Scholar)
• Thomas, L., 1993, Vessels of Evil: American Slavery and the Holocaust, Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press. (Scholar)
• Truth, S., [1851] 1997, “Ar’n’t I a Woman?,” in H. L. Gates, Jr. & N. Y. McKay (eds.), The Norton Anthology of African American Literature, New York: W.W. Norton, pp. 198–201. (Scholar)
• Walker, D., [1829] 1997, “David Walker’s Appeal in Four Articles; Together with a Preamble, to the Coloured Citizens of the World,” in H. L. Gates, Jr. & N. Y. McKay (eds.), The Norton Anthology of African American Literature, New York: W.W. Norton, pp. 179–190. (Scholar)
• Washington, B. T., [1895] 1992, “Atlanta Exposition Address,” in H. Brotz (ed.), African-American Social and Political Thought 1850–1920, New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, pp. 356–359. (Scholar)
• Washington, B. T., [1901] 1963, Up From Slavery, New York: Bantam. (Scholar)
• Washington, J., 1986, Alain Locke and Philosophy: A Quest for Cultural Pluralism. Lanham, MD: University Press of America. (Scholar)
• Washington, J. M. (ed.), 1986, A Testament of Hope: The Essential Writings of Martin Luther King, Jr., San Francisco: Harper & Row. (Scholar)
• Wells-Barnett, I. B., [1895] 2009, The Red Record: Tabulated Statistics and Alleged Causes of Lynching in the United States, Gloucester, UK: Dodo Press. (Scholar)
• Wells-Barnett, I. B., [1900] 1995, “Lynch Law in America,” in B. Guy-Sheftall (ed.), Words of Fire: An Anthology of African-American Feminist Thought, New York: The New Press, pp. 70–76. (Scholar)
• West, C., 1982, Prophesy Deliverance!, Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press. (Scholar)
• –––, 1994, Race Matters, New York: Vintage Books. (Scholar)
• Wheatley, P., [1773] 1997, “On Being Brought from Africa to America,” in H. L. Gates, Jr. & N. Y. McKay (eds.), The Norton Anthology of African American Literature, New York: W.W. Norton, pp. 171–171. (Scholar)
• Yancy, G. (ed.), 1998, African-American Philosophers: 17 Conversations, New York: Routledge. (Scholar)
• Yancy, G., 2008, “Introduction: Situated Black Women’s Voices in/on the Profession of Philosophy,” Hypatia, 23 (2), 155–159. (Scholar)
• Zack, N., 1995, American Mixed Race: The Culture of “Microdiversity,” Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. (Scholar)
• Zack, N., 1998, Thinking About Race, Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. (Scholar)
• Zack, N., 2005, Inclusive Feminism: A Third Wave Theory of Women’s Commonality, Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. (Scholar)

Afro-Caribbean Philosophy

• Bogues, B. Anthony, 1997, Caliban’s Freedom: The Early Political Thought of C.L.R. James, London: Pluto. (Scholar)
• –––, 2003, Black Heretics, Black Prophets: Radical Political Intellectuals, New York: Routledge. (Scholar)
• Gordon, L., 2008, “Afro-Caribbean Philosophy,” in L. Gordon, An Introduction to Africana Philosophy, New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 157–184. (Scholar)
• Grimshaw, A., 1992, The C.L.R. James Reader, Oxford: Blackwell. (Scholar)
• Henry, Paget, 2000, Caliban’s Reason: Introducing Afro-Caribbean Philosophy, New York: Routledge. (Scholar)
• –––, 2005, “Africana Phenomenology: Its Philosophical Implications,” The C.L.R. James Journal, 11 (1): 79–112. (Scholar)