Works of Al-Fārābī

• [Analysis] Kitāb al-taḥlīl (Analysis), in [Logic] 2: 95–129.
• [Aristotle] “The philosophy of Aristotle, the parts of his philosophy, the ranks of order of its parts, the position from which he started and the one he reached.” Translated by Mohsin Mahdi from an Arabic manuscript in Istanbul. Mahdi’s translation is Part III of his book Mahdi 2001 (below). (Scholar)
• [Attainment] Kitāb taḥṣīl al-saʻāda, Jaʻfar Āl Yāsīn (ed.), Beirut: Dār al-Andalus, 1981; translated as “The Attainment of Happiness” in Mahdi 2001: 13–50. (Scholar)
• [Canons] “Fārābī’s Canons of Poetry”, A. J. Arberry (ed./trans.), 1938, Rivista degli Studi Orientali, 17(2): 266–278. (Arabic and translation.)
• [Catalogue] Iḥṣā al-‘ulūm (Catalogue of the sciences), ‘Uthmān Amīn (ed.), Paris: Dar Bibliyun, 2005. Latin translations (1) by Gundisalvi in Jakob Schneider, De Scientiis: secundum versionem Dominici Gundisalvi, Herder, Freiburg 2006 (includes German translation); (2) by Gerard of Cremona in Alain Galonnier, Le De Scientiis Alfarabii de Gérard de Crémone: Contribution aux problèmes de l’acculturation au XIIe siècle (édition et traduction du texte), Turnhout: Brepols, 2017 (includes English translation).
• [Categories] Kitāb al-qāṭāghūrīyās ayy al-maqūlāt, in [Logic] 1: 89–131; translated in D. M. Dunlop, 1958/1959, in “Al-Fārābī’s paraphrase of the Categories of Aristotle”, Islamic Quarterly, 4: 168–197 and 5(1): 21–54. (Scholar)
• [Certainty] Sharā’iṭ al-yaqīn (Conditions of certainty), in Kitāb al-burhān wa-kitāb al-sharā’iṭ al-yaqīn (Book of demonstration and book of conditions of certainty), Majid Fakhry (ed.), Beirut: Dar el-Machreq, 1986, pp. 97–104.
• [Commentary on Categories] “Al-Fārābī’s Long Commentary on Aristotle’s Categoriae in Hebrew and Arabic: A critical edition and English translation of the newly found extant fragments”, Mauro Zonta (ed./trans.), Studies in Arabic and Islamic Culture II, Binyamin Abrahamov (ed.), Ramat-Gan: Bar-Ilan University Press, 2006, pp. 185–253. (Scholar)
• [Commentary on De Interpretatione] Sharḥ ‘ibāra, W. Kutsch and S. Marrow (eds.), Beirut: Dar el-Machreq, 1986; translated in Zimmermann 1981: 1–219. We cite the page and line numbers in the Kutsch and Marrow edition; Zimmermann’s translation gives these too.
• [Commentary on Prior Analytics] Kitāb sharḥ al-qiyās, surviving part in Almanṭiqīyāt lil-Fārābī (The logical works of al-Fārābī), M. T. Daneshpazhuh (ed.), Qum: Maktabat Ayat Allah, 1988, vol. 2, pp. 263–553.
• [Debate] Kitāb al-jadal (Debate), in [Logic] 3: 13–107. A fuller text is translated in David M. DiPasquale, Alfarabi’s Book of Dialectic (Kitab al-Jadal): On the Starting Point of Islamic Philosophy, Cambridge: CUP, 2019. (DiPasquale’s references to the Arabic text are to an edition not generally available.) (Scholar)
• [Demonstration] Kitāb al-burhān (Demonstration), in Kitāb al-burhān wa-kitāb al-sharā’iṭ al-yaqīn (Book of demonstration and book of conditions of certainty), Majid Fakhry (ed.), Beirut: Dar el-Machreq, 1986, pp. 19–96.
• [Eisagoge] Kitāb al-īsāḡūjī, in [Logic] 1: 75–87; translated in D. M. Dunlop, 1956, “AlFārābī’s Eisagoge”, Islamic Quarterly, 3(2): 117–138. (Scholar)
• [Expressions] Kitāb al-alfāẓ al-musta‘mala fī al-manṭiq (Expressions used in logic), Muhsin Mahdi (ed.), Beirut: Dar el-Machreq, 1968.
• [Harmony] Al-Fārābī(?), L’armonia delle opinioni dei due sapienti: il divino Platone e Aristotele (Al-jam‘ bayna ra’yay al-ḥakīmayn aflaṭūn al-ilāhī wa-arisṭūṭālīs), Cecilia Martini Bonadeo (ed.), Pisa: Plus, 2009; English translation in Charles E. Butterworth, Alfārābī, The Political Writings, ‘Selected Aphorisms’ and other texts, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2001, pp. 117–167. (Scholar)
• [Indication] Risālat al-tanbīh ‘alā sabīl al-sa‘āda (Indication of the way to happiness), S. Khālīfāt (ed.), Amman: Jami‘at al-urdunīya, 1987; translated in Jon McGinnis and David C. Reisman, Classical Arabic Philosophy: An Anthology of Sources, Indianapolis: Hackett, 2007, pp. 104–120.
• [Interpretation] Kitāb pārī armīniyās ayy al-‘ibāra, in [Logic] 1: 133–163; translated in Zimmermann 1981: 220–247.
• [Introductory] Al-tawṭi’a aw al-risāla ṣuddira bihā al-manṭiq (Preparation, or essay introducing logic), in [Logic] 1: 55–62; translated in D. M. Dunlop, 1957, “Al-Fārābī’s Introductory Risālah on logic”, Islamic Quarterly, 3: 224–235.
• [Letters] Kitāb al-ḥurūf (Book of letters), Muhsin Mahdi (ed.), Beirut: Dar al-Machreq, 1990. Paragraphs (108) to (157) are translated in Khalidi 2005, pp. 1–26. A new edition with full translation by Charles E. Butterworth is near publication. We cite this work in the style (m) n.p, where m is the paragraph number, n the page number and p the line number, all as in Mahdi’s edition; Khalidi gives the paragraph numbers. (Scholar)
• [Logic] Al-manṭiq ‘inda al-Fārābī (The Logic of al-Fārābī), Rafiq al-‘Ajam (ed.), Beirut: Dar al-Machreq, vol. 1 1985, vols. 2 and 3 1986.
• [Music] Kitāb al-Mūsīqā al-kabīr (Great Book of Music), Ghattas ‘Abd-al-Malik Khashaba (ed.), Cairo: Dār al-Kātib al-‘arabī li-al-ṭibā‘a wa-al-nashr, 1967; French translation in Rudolphe D’Erlanger, 1930, La Musique Arabe, vols 1, 2 (of six), Paris: Librairie Orientaliste Paul Geuthner. (Scholar)
• [Poetry] “Kitāb al-shi‘r”, M. Mahdi (ed.), Shi‘r, 1959: 90–95; English translation in Geert Jan van Gelder and Marlé Hammond, 2008, Takhyīl: The Imaginary in Classical Arabic Poetics, Warminster: Gibb Memorial Trust: 15–18; French translation in Benmakhlouf et al. 2007: 112–118. (Scholar)
• [Proportion] Qawl al-Fārābī fī al-tanāsub wa-al-ta’līf (About proportion and composition), in M. T. Daneshpazhuh (ed.), Al-manṭiqīyāt lil-Fārābī (The logical works of alFārābī), Qum: Maktabat Ayat Allah, Qum, 1988, vol. 1, pp. 504.1–506.6; French translation in Benmakhlouf et al. 2007: 107–111.
• [Rhetoric] Kitāb al-Ḫaṭāba, in J. Langhade and M. Grignaschi (eds.), Al-Fārābī, deux ouvrages inédits sur la rhétorique, Beirut: Dar el-Machreq, 1971, pp. 30–121.
• [Sections] Al-fuṣūl al-khamsa (The five sections), in [Logic] 1: 63–73; translated in D. M. Dunlop, 1955, “Al-Fārābī’s Introductory Sections on Logic”, Islamic Quarterly, 2: 264–282. (Scholar)
• [Short Syllogism] Kitāb al-qiyās al-ṣaḡīr (Also known as Logic of the Theologians) in Al-manṭiq ‘inda al-Fārābī (The Logic of al-Fārābī), R. al-‘Ajam (ed.), Beirut: Dar al-Mashreq, 1986, vol 2, pp. 65–93; translated in Nicholas Rescher, “Al-Fārābī’s short commentary on Aristotle’s Prior Analytics”, Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1963.
• [Sophistry] Kitāb al-amkinati al-muḡliṭa (Situations of sophistry), in [Logic] 2: 131–164.
• [Syllogism] Kitāb al-qiyās (Syllogism), in [Logic] 2: 11–64; translated in Saloua Chatti and Wilfrid Hodges, 2020, Al-Fārābī, Syllogism, (Ancient Commentators on Aristotle), London: Bloomsbury Academic. (Scholar)

Works of Other Authors

• Abed, Shukri B., 1991, Aristotelian Logic and the Arabic Language in Alfārābī, Albany: State University of New York Press. (Scholar)
• Adamson, Peter, 2006, “The Arabic Sea Battle: Al-Fārābī on the Problem of Future Contingents”, Archiv Für Geschichte Der Philosophie, 88(2): 163–188. doi:10.1515/agph.2006.007 (Scholar)
• Alon, Ilai and Shukri Abed, 2007, Al-Fārābī’s Philosophical Lexicon, two volumes, Cambridge: E. J. W. Gibb Memorial Trust. (Scholar)
• Aouad, Maroun, 1992, “Les Fondements de la Rhétorique d’Aristote Reconsidérés Par Fārābi, Ou Le Concept de Point de Vue Immédiat et Commun”, Arabic Sciences and Philosophy, 2(1): 133–180. doi:10.1017/s0957423900001582 (Scholar)
• Aouad, Maroun and Gregor Schoeler, 2002, “The Poetic Syllogism According to Al-Farabi: An Incorrect Syllogism of the Second Figure”, Arabic Sciences and Philosophy, 12(2): 185–196. doi:10.1017/s0957423902002096 (Scholar)
• Benmakhlouf, Ali, Stéphane Diebler, and Pauline Koetscher (eds.), 2007, Al-Fārābī, Philosopher à Bagdad au Xe siècle, Paris: Seuil. (Scholar)
• Black, Deborah L., 1989, “The ‘Imaginative Syllogism’ in Arabic Philosophy: A Medieval Contribution to The Philosophical Study of Metaphor”, Mediaeval Studies, 51: 242–267. doi:10.1484/j.ms.2.306851 (Scholar)
• –––, 1990, Logic and Aristotle’s Rhetoric and Poetics in Medieval Arabic Philosophy, (Islamic philosophy and theology, 7), Leiden: Brill. (Scholar)
• –––, 2006, “Knowledge (‘Ilm) and Certitude (yaqin) in al-Farabi’s Epistemology”, Arabic Sciences and Philosophy, 16(1): 11–45. doi:10.1017/s0957423906000221 (Scholar)
• Boethius [c. 477–524 CE], 1969, De Hypotheticis Syllogismis, Luca Obertello (ed.), Brescia: Paideia. (Scholar)
• Chase, Michael, 2007, “Did Porphyry Write a Commentary on Aristotle’s Posterior Analytics? Albertus Magnus, al-Fārābī, and Porphyry on per se predication”, in Classical Arabic Philosophy: Sources and Reception, Peter Adamson (ed.), London: Warburg Institute, pp. 21–38. (Scholar)
• Chatti, Saloua, 2017, “The semantics and pragmatics of the conditional in al-Fārābī’s and Avicenna’s theories”, Studia Humana, 6(1): 5–17. (Scholar)
• –––, 2019, Arabic Logic from Al-Fārābī to Averroes: A Study of the Early Arabic Categorical, Modal, and Hypothetical Syllogistics, Cham, Switzerland: Birkhäuser. (Scholar)
• Cross, Charles and Floris Roelofsen, 2018, “Questions”, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2018 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = <https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2018/entries/questions/>. (Scholar)
• D’Ancona, Cristina, 2022, “Greek Sources in Arabic and Islamic Philosophy”, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2022 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = <https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2022/entries/arabic-islamic-greek/>. (Scholar)
• D’Arcy, Guillaume de Vaulx, 2010, “La Naqla, Étude du Concept de Transfert dans L’œuvre d’al-Fārābī”, Arabic Sciences and Philosophy, 20(1): 125–176. doi:10.1017/s0957423909990129 (Scholar)
• Diebler, Stéphane, 2005, “Catégories, conversation et philosophie chez al-Fārābī”, in Les Catégories et leur Histoire, Ole Bruun and Lorenzo Corti (eds.), Paris: Vrin, pp. 275–305. (Scholar)
• Druart, Thérèse-Anne, 2007, “Al-Fārābī, the categories, metaphysics, and the Book of Letters”, Medioevo, Rivista di storia della filosofia medievale, 32: 15–37. (Scholar)
• –––, 2011, “Al-Fārābī: an Arabic account of the Origin of Language and of Philosophical Vocabulary”, Proceedings of the American Catholic Philosophical Association, 84: 1–17. doi:10.5840/acpaproc2010841 (Scholar)
• –––, 2015/6, “Why music matters for language and interpretation: al-Fārābī”, Mélanges de l’Université Saint-Joseph, 66: 167–179. (Scholar)
• –––, 2021, “Al-Fārābī”, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2021 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = <https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2021/entries/al-farabi/> (Scholar)
• –––, 2022, “Al-Fārābī: The happy marriage between logic and music”, Ishraq, 10: 72–88. (Scholar)
• Elamrani-Jamal, Abdelali, 1983, Logique Aristotélicienne et Grammaire Arabe, (Études musulmanes, 26 ), Paris: Vrin. (Scholar)
• Elias [attr., 6th century CE], 1890, In Categorias Prooemium, in Adolph Busse (ed.), Eliae in Porphyrii Isagogen et Aristotelis Categorias Commentaria, (Commentaria in Aristotelem Graeca 18.1), Berlin: Reimer, pp. 107–134. [In Categorias Prooemium available online] See also entry on Elias. (Scholar)
• Eskenasy, Pauline E., 1988, “Al-Fārābī’s Classification of the Parts of Speech”, Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam, 11: 55–82. (Scholar)
• Fakhry, Majid, 2002, Al-Fārābī: Founder of Islamic Neoplatonism, His Life, Works and Influence, London: Oneworld. (Scholar)
• Fallahi, Asadollah, 2019, “Fārābī and Avicenna on contraposition”, History and Philosophy of Logic, 40(1): 22–41. (Scholar)
• Farmer, Henry George, 1957, “The Music of Islam”, in Egon Wellesz (ed.), Ancient and Oriental Music, London: Oxford University Press, pp. 421–477. (Scholar)
• Fortenbaugh, William W., Pamela M. Huby, Robert W. Sharples and Dimitri Gutas (eds.), 1992, Theophrastus of Eresus: Sources for his Life, Writings, Thought and Influence, Leiden: Brill. (Scholar)
• Galen [c. 129–c. 216 CE], 1896, Institutio Logica, Carolus Kalbfleisch (ed.), Leipzig: Teubner. (Scholar)
• Galston, Miriam S., 1981, “Al-Fārābī on Aristotle’s Theory of Demonstration”, in Parviz Morewedge (ed.), Islamic Philosophy and Mysticism, Delmar, NY: Caravan Books, pp. 23–34. (Scholar)
• –––, 1988, “Al-Fārābī et la logique Aristotélicienne dans la philosophie islamique”, in M. A. Sinaceur (ed.), Aristote Aujourd’hui, Paris: Érès, Unesco, pp. 192–217. (Scholar)
• García Cuadrado, José Angel, 2003, “La distinción nombre-verbo en los comentarios al Perihermeneias de Al-Fārābī y Averroes”, Revista Española de Filosofía Medieval, 10: 157–169. (Scholar)
• Germann, Nadja, 2015, “Logic as the Path to Happiness: Al-Fārābī and the Divisions of the Sciences”, Quaestio, 15(January): 15–30. doi:10.1484/j.quaestio.5.108587 (Scholar)
• –––, 2015/6, “Imitation—ambiguity—discourse: some remarks on al-Fārābī’s philosophy of language”, Mélanges de l’Université Saint-Joseph, 66: 135–166. (Scholar)
• –––, 2022, “The power of words: al-Fārābī’s philosophy of language”, Ishraq, 10: 193–211. (Scholar)
• Giolfo, Manuela E. B. and Wilfrid Hodges, 2018, “Syntax, Semantics, and Pragmatics in al-Sīrãfī and Ibn Sīnã”, in Georgine Ayoub and Kees Versteegh (eds.), Foundations of Arabic Linguistics III, Leiden: Brill. doi:10.1163/9789004365216_007 (Scholar)
• Gottschalk, Hans B., 1990, “The Earliest Aristotelian Commentators”, in Richard Sorabji (ed.), Aristotle Transformed: The Ancient Commentators and their Influence, London: Duckworth, pp. 55–81. (Scholar)
• Grinaschi, Mario, 1972, “Les traductions latines des ouvrages de la logique arabe et l’abrégé d’Al-Fārābī”, Archives d’Histoire doctrinale et littéraire du Moyen Age, 47: 41–107. (Scholar)
• Günther, Sebastian, 2010, “The principles of instruction are the grounds of our knowledge; Al-Fārābī’s philosophical and al-Ghazālī’s spiritual approaches to learning”, in Osama Abi-Mershed (ed.), Trajectories of Education in the Arab World: Legacies and Challenges, London: Routledge, pp. 15–35. (Scholar)
• Gutas, Dimitri, 1983, “Paul the Persian on the classification of the parts of Aristotle’s philosophy: a milestone between Alexandria and Baġdâd”, Der Islam: Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Kultur des Islamischen Orients, 60(2): 231–267. Reprinted in Dimitri Gutas, Greek Philosophers in the Arabic Tradition, Aldershot: Ashgate 2000. doi:10.1515/islm.1983.60.2.231 (Scholar)
• Gyekye, Kwame, 1972, “The Term Istithnā’ in Arabic Logic”, Journal of the American Oriental Society, 92(1): 88–92. doi:10.2307/599652 (Scholar)
• –––, 1989, “Al-Fārābī on the Logic of the Arguments of the Muslim Philosophical Theologians”, Journal of the History of Philosophy, 27(1): 135–143. doi:10.1353/hph.1989.0001 (Scholar)
• Haddad, Fuad S., 1969, “Alfārābī’s Views on Logic and Its Relation to Grammar”, Islamic Quarterly, 13: 192–207. (Scholar)
• –––, 1989, Alfarabi’s Theory of Communication, Beirut, Lebanon: American University of Beirut. (Scholar)
• Hasnawi, Ahmad, 1985, “Fārābī et la pratique de l’exégèse philosophique (remarques sur son Commentaire au De Interpretatione d’Aristote)”, Revue de Synthèse (Paris), 106 (117): 27–59.
• –––, 1992, “Fārābī al-”, in Encyclopédie Philosophique Universelle, vol. 3, Les oeuvres philosophiques: dictionnaire dir. par Jean-François Nattei sous la direction de André Jacob, Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
• –––, 2009, “Topique et syllogistique: la tradition arabe (Al-Fārābī et Averroès)”, in Les lieux de l’argumentation: Histoire du syllogisme topique d’Aristote à Leibniz (Studia Aristarum, 22), Joël Biard and Fosca Mariani Zini (eds.), Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, pp. 191–226. doi:10.1484/m.sa-eb.4.00075 (Scholar)
• –––, 2012, “L’objet du De Interpretatione d’Aristote Selon Al-Fārābī”, in Ad Notitiam Ignoti: L’ “Organon” Dans La “Translatio Studiorum” à l’époque d’Albert Le Grand (Studia Artistarum, 37), Julie Brumberg-Chaumont (ed.), Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 259–283. doi:10.1484/M.SA-EB.5.101361
• Hasnawi, Ahmad and Wilfrid Hodges, 2016, “Arabic Logic up to Avicenna”, in The Cambridge Companion to Medieval Logic, Catarina Dutilh Novaes and Stephen Read (eds.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 45–66. doi:10.1017/cbo9781107449862.003 (Scholar)
• Hitchcock, David, 2017, On Reasoning and Argument: Essays in Informal Logic and on Critical Thinking (Argumentation Library, 30), Cham: Springer International Publishing. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-53562-3 (Scholar)
• Hodges, Wilfrid, 2012, “Formalizing the Relationship Between Meaning and Syntax”, in Markus Werning, Wolfram Hinzen, and Edouard Machery (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Compositionality, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 245–261. (Scholar)
• –––, 2018, “Proofs as Cognitive or Computational: Ibn Sı̄nā’s Innovations”, Philosophy & Technology, 31(1): 131–153. doi:10.1007/s13347-016-0242-2 (Scholar)
• –––, 2019, “Remarks on al-Fārābī’s missing modal logic and its effect on Ibn Sı̄nā”, Eshare: An Iranian Journal of Philosophy, 1(3): 39–73. (Scholar)
• –––, 2020, “Medieval Arabic notions of algorithm: some further raw evidence”, in Fields of Logic and Computation III, Essays Dedicated to Yuri Gurevich on the Occasion of his 80th Birthday, ed. Andreas Blass, Patrick Cegielski, Nachum Dershowitz, Manfred Droste and Bernd Finkbeiner, Lecture Notes in Computer Science 12180: Springer, pp. 133–146. (Scholar)
• Hodges, Wilfrid and Manuela E. B. Giolfo, 2022, “Al-Fārābī against the grammarians??”, in Manuel Sartori and Francesco Binaghi (eds)., The Foundations of Arab Linguistics V: Kitab Sibawayhi, The Critical Theory, Leiden: Brill, pp. 157–178. (Scholar)
• Ibn Abī Uṣaybi‘a, Aḥmad ibn al-Qāsim [d. 1270 CE], 1965, Uyūn al-anbāʼ fī ṭabaqāt al-aṭibbāʼ, Nizār Riḍā (ed.), Beirut: Dar Maktabat al-Hayah. (Scholar)
• Ibn al-Muqaffa‘ [8th century CE], 1978, Al-manṭiq (Logic), M. T. Dāneshpazhūh (ed.), Tehran: Iranian Institute of Philosophy. (Scholar)
• Ibn Miskawayh, Aḥmad bin Muḥammad [932–1030 CE], 1987, Tartīb al-sa‘ādah (Ranking of Happiness), Hungarian translation by Miklós Maróth as A boldogságról: a boldogság könyve, Budapest: Európa Könyvkiadó. (Scholar)
• Ibn Rushd [= Averroes, 1126–1198 CE], 1983, Maqālāt fī al-manṭiq wa-al-‘ilm al-ṭabī‘ī (Essays on Logic and Natural Science), Jamāl al-Dīn al-‘Alawī (ed.), Casablanca. (Scholar)
• Ibn Sīnā [= Avicenna, ca. 980–1037 CE], 1951, Al-madkhal (Introduction), M. El-Khodeiri, G. C. Anawati and F. El-Ahwani (eds.), Cairo: Nashr Wizāra al-Ma‘ārif al-‘Umũmiyya. (Scholar)
• –––, 1964, Al-qiyās (Syllogism), S. Zayed (ed.), Cairo. (Scholar)
• –––, 2013, Al-ta‘līqāt (Annotations), Seyyed Hossein Mousavian (ed.), Tehran: Iranian Institute of Philosophy. (Scholar)
• Karimullah, Kamran, 2014, “Alfarabi on Conditionals”, Arabic Sciences and Philosophy, 24(2): 211–267. doi:10.1017/s0957423914000022 (Scholar)
• –––, 2017, “Influence of Late-Antique (ca. 200–800 A.D.) Prolegomena to Aristotle’s Categories on Arabic Doctrines of the Subject Matter of Logic: Alfārābī (d. ca. 950 A.D.), Baghdad Peripatetics, Avicenna (d. 1037 A.D.)”, Archiv Für Geschichte Der Philosophie, 99(3): 237–299. doi:10.1515/agph-2017-0013 (Scholar)
• Kemal, Salim, 2003, The Philosophical Poetics of Alfarabi, Avicenna and Averroës: The Aristotelian Reception, Abingdon: Routledge. (Scholar)
• Khalidi, Muhammad Ali (ed.), 2005, Medieval Islamic Philosophical Writings, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511811050 (Scholar)
• Kleven, Terence J., 2013, “Alfārābī’s Commentary on Porphyry’s Isagoge (Kitāb īsāgūjī)”, Schede Medievali, 51: 41–52. (Scholar)
• –––, 2013/4, “Al-Fārābī’s introduction to the five rational arts with reference to The Five Aphorisms (al-Fusūl al-Khamsa) and Ibn Bājja’s Comments (Ta‘ālīq)”, Mélanges de l’Université Saint-Joseph, 65: 165–194. (Scholar)
• –––, 2023, “Al-Farabi on what is known prior to the syllogistic arts in his Introductory Letter, the Five Aphorisms, and the Book of Dialectic”, in Katja Krause et al. (eds.), Contextualising Premodern Philosophy: Explorations of the Greek, Hebrew, Arabic, and Latin traditions, New York/London: Routledge, pp. 276–292. (Scholar)
• Knuuttila, Simo, 2020, “Medieval Theories of Future Contingents”, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2020 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = <https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2020/entries/medieval-futcont/> (Scholar)
• Kolman, Oren, 2004, “Transfer principles for generalized interval systems”, Perspectives of New Music, 42(1): 150–190. (Scholar)
• Lameer, Joep, 1994, Al-Fārābī and Aristotelian Syllogistics, Leiden: Brill. (Scholar)
• –––, 1997, “From Alexandria to Baghdad: reflections on the genesis of a problematical tradition”, in The Ancient Tradition in Christian and Islamic Hellenism. Studies on the transmission of Greek philosophy and sciences dedicated to HJ Drossaart Lulofs on his ninetieth birthday, Leiden: CNWS Publications 50, pp. 181–191. (Scholar)
• –––, 2006, Conception and Belief in Sadr al-Din Shirazi (ca. 1571–1635), Tehran: Iranian Institute of Philosophy. (Scholar)
• Langhade, Jacques, 1994, Du Coran à la philosophie: La langue arabe et la formation du vocabulaire philosophique de Fārābī, Damascus: Institut Français de Damas. (Scholar)
• Lee, Tae-Soo, 1984, Die Griechische Tradition der Aristotelischen Syllogistik in der Spätantike, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht. (Scholar)
• López-Farjeat, Luis Xavier, 2020, “Al-Farabi’s Psychology and Epistemology”, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2020 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = <https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2020/entries/al-farabi-psych/> (Scholar)
• MacFarlane, John, 2017, “Logical Constants”, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2017 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = <https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2017/entries/logical-constants/> (Scholar)
• Mahdi, Muhsin, 2001, Alfarabi, Philosophy of Plato and Aristotle, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. (Scholar)
• Mallet, Dominique, 1994, “Le kitāb al-taḥlīl d’Alfarabi”, Arabic Sciences and Philosophy, 4(2): 317–335. doi:10.1017/s0957423900001260 (Scholar)
• –––, 1996, “Kalām et dialectique dans le commentaire des Topiques d’Alfārābī”, Bulletin d’études orientales, 48: 165–182. (Scholar)
• Menn, Stephen, 2008, “Al-Fārābī’s Kitāb Al-Ḥurūf and His Analysis of the Senses of Being”, Arabic Sciences and Philosophy, 18(1): 59–97. doi:10.1017/s0957423908000477 (Scholar)
• Netton, Ian Richard, 1992, Al-Fārābī and his School, Richmond: Curzon Press. (Scholar)
• Paul the Persian [6th century CE], 1875, Logica, in Jan Pieter Nicolaas Land (ed.), Anecdota Syriaca Vol. 4, Brill, Lugdunum Batavorum (Katwijk), pp. 1–30. (Scholar)
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