Primary literature

• al-Fārābī, [AMIF], Al-Manṭiq ʿinda al-Fārābī, vol. 4, M. Fakhry (ed.), Beirut: Dar el-Mashriq, 1987.
• al-Kindī, [RAKAF], Rasāʾil al-Kindī al-Falsafīya, vol. 1, M.ʿA.H. Abū Rīdah (ed.), Cairo: Dār al-Fikr al-ʿArabī, 1950–53.
• –––, [OPK], Oeuvres philosophiques et scientifiques d’al-Kindī, vol. 2, J. Jolivet and R. Rashed (eds.), Leiden; New York: E.J. Brill, 1997. (Scholar)
• –––, The Philosophical Works of al-Kindī, Peter Adamson and Peter E. Pormann (eds.) Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2012.
• al-Ghazālī, Tahāfut al-Falāsifah, M. Bouyges (ed.), Beirut: Imprimerie Catholique, 1927.
• –––, [AIFI], Al-Iqtiṣād fī l-iʾtiqād, I.A. Cubukcu and H. Atay (eds.), Ankara: Nur Matbaasi, 1962.
• –––, [IP] The Incoherence of the Philosophers, M. Marmura (trans.), Provo: Brigham Young University Press, 2000.
• Averroes, Decisive Treatise & Epistle Dedicatory, C. Butterworth (trans.), Provo: Brigham Young University Press, 2001.
• –––, [ITI], The Incoherence of the Incoherence, S. van den Bergh (trans.), Cambridge: E.J.W. Gibb Memorial Trust, 2008.
• –––, [MTE] On Aristotle’s Metaphysics: an annotated translation of the so-called Epitome, Rüdiger Arnzen (ed.) Berlin; New York: De Gruyter, 2010. (Scholar)
• –––, Tahāfut al-Tahāfut, M. Bouyges (ed.), Beirut: Imprimerie Catholique, 1930.
• Avicenna, [ASAN], Al-Shifāʾ: Al-Nafs [Psychology], F. Rahman (ed.), London: Oxford University Press, 1959.
• –––, Al-Shifāʾ: Al-Burhān [Demonstration], ʿAbd al-Raḥman Badawī (ed.), Cairo: Association of Authorship, Translation and Publication Press, 1966.
• –––, [MH], The Metaphysics of the Healing, M. Marmura (trans.), Provo: Brigham Young University Press, 2005.
• –––, [PH], The Physics of the Healing, J. McGinnis (trans.), Provo: Brigham Young University Press, 2009.
• –––, [Physics], Al-Shifāʾ: Al-Samāʿ Al-Ṭabīʿī, M. Qasim, (ed.), Cairo: Organisation Générale des Imprimeries Gouvernementales, 1983.
• Avicenna and Ṭūsī, [PR], Pointers and Reminders with Commentary of Naṣīr al-Dīn Ṭūsī, S. Dunyá (ed.), Cairo: Miṣr Dār al-maʾārif, 1960.
• Genequand, Charles, 1984, Ibn Rushd’s Metaphysics: A Translation with Introduction of Ibn Rushd’s Commentary on Aristotle’s Metaphysics, Book Lam, Leiden: Brill. (Scholar)
• Inati, Shams C., Ibn Sina’s Remarks and Admonitions: ‘Physics’ and ‘Metaphysics’: An Analysis and Annotated Translation, New York: Columbia University Press, 2014. (Scholar)
• McGinnis, Jon and David Reisman, 2007, Classical Arabic Philosophy: An Anthology of Sources, Indianapolis: Hackett. (Scholar)
• Sharples, R.W., 1983, Alexander of Aphrodisias on Fate: Text, Translation, and Commentary, London: Duckworth. (Scholar)

Secondary literature

• Acar, Rahim, 2005, Talking about God and talking about creation: Avicenna’s and Thomas Aquinas’ positions, Leiden: Brill, 2005. (Scholar)
• Adamson, Peter, 2005, “On Knowledge of Particulars”, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, 105: 257–278. (Scholar)
• –––, 2007, Al-Kindī, Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Belo, Caterina, 2007, Chance and Determinism in Avicenna and Averroes, Leiden: Brill. (Scholar)
• Bertolacci, Amos, 2002, “The Doctrine of Material and Formal Causality in the «Ilāhiyyāt» of Avicenna’s «Kitāb al-Shifāʾ»”, Quaestio: 125–154. (Scholar)
• Black, Deborah, 2000, “Imagination and Estimation: Arabic Paradigms and Western Transformations”, Topoi, 19: 59–75. (Scholar)
• –––, 2006, “Knowledge (ʿilm) and Certitude (yaqīn) in Al-Fārābī’s Epistemology”, Arabic Sciences and Philosophy, 16: 11–46. (Scholar)
• –––, 2013a, “Rational Imagination: Avicenna on the Cogitative Power”, in Philosophical Psychology in Arabic Thought and the Latin Aristotelianism of the 13^th century, L.X. López-Farjeat and J.A. Tellkamp (eds.), Paris: Vrin, pp. 59–81. (Scholar)
• –––, 2013b, “Certitude, justification, and the principles of knowledge in Avicenna’s epistemology”, in Interpreting Avicenna, P. Adamson (ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 120–142. (Scholar)
• Davidson, Herbert, 1987, Proofs for Eternity, Creation and the Existence of God in Medieval Islamic and Jewish Philosophy, Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• –––, 1992, Alfarabi, Avicenna, and Averroes on Intellect: Their Cosmologies, Theories of the Active Intellect and Theories of Human Intellect, New York: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Dhanani, Alnoor, 1994, The Physical Theory of Kalām: Atoms, Space, and Void in Basrian Muʿtazilī, Leiden: Brill. (Scholar)
• Druart, Thérèse-Anne, 2002, “Avicenna’s Influence on Duns Scotus’ Proof for the Existence of God in the Lectura”, in Avicenna and his Heritage, J. Janssens (ed.), Leuven: Leuven University Press, pp. 253–266. (Scholar)
• –––, 2006, “Al-Ghazali’s Conception of the Agent in the Tahafut and the Iqtisad: Are People Really Agents”, in Montgomery 2006: 425–40. (Scholar)
• Dutton, Blake, 2001, “Al-Ghazâlî on Possibility and the Critique of Causality,” Medieval Philosophy and Theology, 10: 23–46. (Scholar)
• Frank, Richard, 1966, “The Structure of Created Causality according to al-Ash’ari”, Studia Islamica, 25: 13–76. (Scholar)
• –––, 1982, “The Autonomy of the Human Agent in the Teaching of ʿAbd al-Ğabbār”, Le Muséon, 95: 323–55. (Scholar)
• –––, 1983, “Moral Obligation in Classical Muslim Theology”, Journal of Religious Ethics, 11: 204–223. (Scholar)
• –––, 1985, “Two Islamic Views of Human Agency”, in La notion de liberté au moyen âge: Islam, Byzance, Occident, Penn-Paris-Dumbarton Oaks Colloquia 1982, G. Makdisi et al (eds.), Paris: Belles Lettres, pp. 37–49. (Scholar)
• –––, 1992, Creation and the Cosmic System: Al-Ghazālī & Avicenna, Heidelberg: C. Winter. (Scholar)
• –––, 1999, “The Ash’arite Ontology: 1. Primary Entities”, Arabic Sciences and Philosophy, 9: 163–231. (Scholar)
• Gilson, Étienne, 1958, “Avicenne et les Origines de la Notion de Cause Efficiente”, Atti Del XII Congresso Internazionale di Filosofia, 9: 121–130. (Scholar)
• –––, 1962, “Notes pour l’histoire de la cause efficiente”, Archives d’Histoire doctinrale et littéraire du Moyen Age, 37: 7–31. (Scholar)
• Gimaret, Daniel, 1980, Théories de l’acte humain en théologie musulmane, Paris: Vrin. (Scholar)
• Griffel, Frank, 2009, Al-Ghazālī’s Philosophical Theology, New York: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Hyman, Arthur, 1965, “Aristotle’s ‘First Matter’ and Avicenna’s and Averroes’ ‘Corporeal Form’”, in Harry Austryn Wolfson Jubilee Volume, English Section, vol. 1, Jerusalem: American Academy for Jewish Research, pp. 385–406. (Scholar)
• Janssens, Jules. 2004. “«Experience» (tajriba) in Classical Arabic Philosophy (al-Fārābī—Avicenna)”, in Quaestio, 4: 45–62. (Scholar)
• Kogan, Barry S., 1981, “The Philosophers Al-Ghazālī and Averroes on Necessary Connection and the Problem of the Miraculous”, in Morewedge 1981: 113–132. (Scholar)
• Kukkonen, Taneli, 2000, “Possible Worlds in the Tahâfut al-Falâsifa: Al-Ghazâlî on Creation and Contingency,” Journal of the History of Philosophy, 38: 479–502. (Scholar)
• –––, 2002, “Averroes and the teleological argument,” Religious Studies 38(4): 405–428. (Scholar)
• –––, 2010, “Creation and causation”, in The Cambridge History of Medieval Philosophy, R. Pasnau and C. Van Dyke (eds.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 232–246. (Scholar)
• Lammer, Andreas. The Elements of Avicenna’s Physics: Greek Sources and Arabic Innovations (Scientia Graeco-Arabica 20), Berlin: De Gruyter. (Scholar)
• Lizzini, Olga, 2013, “Causality as Relation: Avicenna (and al-Gazālī)”, Quaestio, 13: 165–195. (Scholar)
• Maier, Anneliese, 1955, “Das Problem der Finalkausalität um 1320”, in Metaphysische Hintergründe der spätscholastischen Naturphilosophie, Rome: Edizioni di Storia e Letteratura, pp. 273–99. (Scholar)
• Marmura, Michael, 1962, “Some aspects of Avicenna’s theory of God’s knowledge of particulars”, Journal of the American Oriental Society, 82: 299–312. (Scholar)
• –––, 1981a, “Avicenna on Causal Priority”, in Morewedge 1981: 65–83. (Scholar)
• –––, 1981b, “Al-Ghazālī’s Second Causal Theory in the 17th Discussion of His Tahāfut”, in Morewedge 1981: 85–112. (Scholar)
• –––, 1984, “The Metaphysics of Efficient Causality in Avicenna (Ibn Sīnā)”, in Islamic Theology and Philosophy, M. Marmura (ed.), Albany: SUNY Press, pp. 172–187. (Scholar)
• –––, 1994, “Ghazali’s Chapter on Divine Power in the Iqtiṣād”, Arabic Sciences and Philosophy, 4(2): 279–315. (Scholar)
• McGinnis, Jon, 2003, “Scientific Methodologies in Medieval Islam: Induction and Experimentation in the Philosophy of Ibn Sīnā”, Journal of the History of Philosophy, 41: 307–327. (Scholar)
• –––, 2006, “Occasionalism, Natural Causation and Science in al-Ghazālī”, in Montgomery 2006: 441–463. (Scholar)
• Montgomery, J.E. (ed.), 2006, Arabic Theology, Arabic Philosophy: From the Many to the One: Essays in Celebration of Richard M. Frank, Leuven: Peeters. (Scholar)
• Morewedge, P. (ed.), 1981, Islamic Philosophy and Mysticism, Delmar: Caravan Books. (Scholar)
• Nadler, Steven, 1996, “‘No Necessary Connection’: The Medieval Roots of the Occasionalist Roots of Hume”, The Monist, 79: 448–466. (Scholar)
• Perler, Dominik and Ulrich Rudolph, 2000, Occasionalismus: Theorien der Kausalität im arabisch-islamischen und im europäischen Denken, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. (Scholar)
• Richardson, Kara, 2013, “Avicenna’s Conception of the Efficient Cause”, British Journal for the History of Philosophy, 21: 220–239. (Scholar)
• –––, 2014, “Avicenna and the Principle of Sufficient Reason”, Review of Metaphysics, 67: 743–768. (Scholar)
• –––, 2015, “Two arguments for natural teleology from Avicenna’s Shifāʾ”, History of Philosophy Quarterly, 32: 123–140. (Scholar)
• Shihadeh, Ayman, 2014, “Avicenna’s Corporeal Form and Proof of Prime Matter in Twelfth-Century Criticaʾl Philosophy: Abū l-Barakāt, al-Masʿūdī and al-Rāzi”, Oriens, 42: 364–396. (Scholar)
• Stone, Abraham, 2001, “Simplicius and Avicenna on the essential corporeity of material substance”, in Aspects of Avicenna, Robert Wisnovsky (ed.), Princeton: Princeton University Press, pp. 73–130. (Scholar)
• Taylor, Richard C., 2000. “‘Truth does not contradict truth’: Averroes and the Unity of Truth”, Topoi, 19: 3–16. (Scholar)
• Twetten, David B., 1995, “Averroes on the prime mover proved in the physics”, Viator, 26: 107–134. (Scholar)
• Vasalou, Sophia, 2008, Moral Agents and Their Deserts: The Character of Muʿtazilite Ethics, Princeton: Princeton University Press. (Scholar)
• Wisnovsky, Robert, 2000, “Notes on Avicenna’s Concept of Thingness”, Arabic Sciences and Philosophy, 10: 181–221. (Scholar)
• –––, 2002, “Final and efficient causality in Avicenna’s cosmology and theology”, Quaestio, 2: 97–124. (Scholar)
• –––, 2003a, Avicenna’s Metaphysics in Context, Ithaca: Cornell University Press. (Scholar)
• –––, 2003b, “Towards a history of Avicenna’s distinction between immanent and transcendent causes”, in Before and After Avicenna, D. Reisman (ed.), Leiden: Brill, pp. 49–68. (Scholar)
• Wolfson, Harry. A., 1976, The Philosophy of Kalam, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. (Scholar)