Primary Sources

• Aristotle, 1964/65, al-Ṭabīʿa, 2. vols., Cairo: The General Egyptian Book Organization.
• al-Ash‘ari, 1980, Die dogmatischen Lehren der Anhänger des Islam, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, G.m.b.H. (Scholar)
• –––, 1953, al-Lumaʾ, in The Theology of al-Ashʿarī, R.J. McCarthy (ed. & trans.), Beirut: Imprimerie catholique. (Scholar)
• Averroes, 1962, Long Commentary on the Physics, in Aristotelis Opera cum Averrois Commentariis, Vol. IV, Frankfurt am Main: Minerva, G.m.b.H. (Scholar)
• –––, 1991, Averroes’ Questions in Physics, H. T. Goldstein (trans.), Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. (Scholar)
• –––, 2003, Averrois Cordubensis Commentum magnum super libro De celo et mundo Aristotelis, F. J. Carmody and R. Arnzen (eds.), 2 vols., Louvain: Peeters. (Scholar)
• Avicenna, 1956, Kitāb al-Burhān, A.E. Affifi (ed.), Cairo L’Organization Egyptiene Générale du Livre. (Scholar)
• –––, 1985, Najāt, M.T. Danishpazhuh (ed.), Tehran: Danishgah-i Tihran. (Scholar)
• –––, 1983, Shifāʾ, Kitāb al-Samāʿ al-ṭabīʿī, S. Zayed (ed.), Cairo: The General Book Organization. (Scholar)
• –––, 1996, Shifa’, Kitāb al-Samāʿ al-ṭabīʿī, J. Al-Yasin (ed.), Beirut: Dar al- Manahil. (Scholar)
• –––, 2009, The Physics of The Healing, J. McGinnis (ed. and trans.), Provo: Brigham Young University Press. (Scholar)
• al-Baqillanī, 1986, Inṣāf, ‘A. Haydar (ed.), Beirut: ‘Alim al-Kutub. (Scholar)
• –––, 1957, Kitāb al-Tamhīd, R.J. McCarthy (ed.), Beirut: Librairie Orientale. (Scholar)
• al-F7amacr;r7amacr;b7imacr;, 1951, Fârâbî’s Article on Vacuum, N. Lugal and A. Sayili (ed. and trans.), Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basimevi. (Page reference in brackets to the Arabic.)
• –––, 1985, On the Perfect State, R. Walzer (ed. and trans.), Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• –––, 1964, As-Siyasa al-madaniya al-mulaqqab bi-mabadi’ al-mawjudat, F. Najjar (ed.), Beirut: Imprimerie Catholique. (Scholar)
• Ibn Bājja, 1973, Sharh as-sama‘ al-tabi‘i ‘ala Aristutalis, M. Fakhry (ed.), Beirut: Dar an-Nahar li-N-Nashr. (Scholar)
• Ibn Bājja, 1978, Shuruhat al-sama‘ at-tabi‘i, M. Ziyada (ed.), Beirut: Dar al-Kindi/Dar al-Fikr. (Scholar)
• Al-Juwaynī, 1950, Kitab al-Irshad ila qawati‘ al-adillah fi usul li-i‘ tiqad, M. Musa and ‘A. al-Hamid (eds.), Cairo: Maktabat al-Khanji. (Scholar)
• –––, 2000, A Guide to the Conclusive Proofs for the Principles of Belief, P. Walker (trans.), Lebanon: Garnet Publishing. (Scholar)
• al-Kindī, 1950, Rasa’il al-Kindi al-falsafiyya, M. ‘A. Abu Rida (ed.), Cairo: Dar al-Fikr al-‘Arabi. (Scholar)
• Maimonides, Moses, 1963, The Guide of the Perplexed, S. Pines (trans.), Chicago: University of Chicago Press. (Scholar)
• Mullā Ṣadrā, 2001, Sharh al-Hidaya al-Athiriyya li-Ṣadr al-Din Muhammad al-Shirazi, M.M. Fuladkar (ed.), Beirut: Dar Iḥyaʾ al-Turath al-‘Arabi. (Scholar)
• al-Rāzī, Abū Ḥātim, 2011, The Proofs of Prophecy, T. Khalidi (ed. and trans.), Provo: Brigham Young University Press. (Scholar)
• al-Rāzī, Abū Bakr, 1939, Opera Philosophica, P. Kraus (ed.), Cairo: n.p. (Scholar)
• –––, 2007, “On the Five Eternals,” selections in Classical Arabic Philosophy: An Anthology of Sources, J. McGinnis and D. C. Reisman (trans.), Indianapolis/Cambridge: Hackett Publishing Co., pp. 44–49 (Scholar)
• ar-Rāzī, Fakhr al-Dīn, 1990, al-Mabhith al-mashriqiyya, M.M. Billah al-Baghdadi (ed.), Beirut: Dar al-Kitāb al-‘Arabi. (Scholar)
• as-Suhrawardī, 1999, The Philosophy of Illumination, J. Walbridge and H. Ziai (ed. & trans.), Provo, UT: Brigham Young University Press. (Scholar)
• Ibn Ṭufayl, 1936, Hayy Ben Yaqdhân, Roman Philosophique D’Ibn Thofaïl, L. Gautier (ed. and trans.), Beirut: Imprimerie catholique. (Scholar)

Secondary Sources

• Adamson, P., 2017, “Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī on Place,” Arabic Sciences and Philosophy, 27: 205–236. (Scholar)
• Adamson, P. and Lammer, A., 2020, “Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī’s Platonist Account of the Essence of Time,” in Philosophical Theology in Islam, A. Shihadeh and J. Thiele (eds.) Leiden/Boston: Brill, pp. 95–122. (Scholar)
• Ahmed, A. Q., 2016, “The Reception of Avicenna’s Theory of Motion in the Twelfth Century,” Arabic Sciences and Philosophy, 26: 215–243. (Scholar)
• Baffioni, C., 1982, Atomismo e antiatomismo nel pensiero islamico, Series minor, Istituto universitario orientale (Naples) Seminario di studi asiatici, 16, Rome: Herder. (Scholar)
• Cerami, C., 2012, “Mélange, minima naturalia et croissance animale dans le Commentaire moyen d’Averroès au De genratione et corruptione I,5,” in La Nature et le vide dans la physique médiévale: Études dédiées à Edward Grant, J. Biard and S. Rommevaux (eds.) Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 137–64.
• Chase, M., 2019, “Damascius and al-Nazzām on the Atomic Leap,” Mnemosyne, 72(4): 585–620. (Scholar)
• Craig, W. L., 2000, The Kalam Cosmological Argument, Eugene: Wipf & Stock Publishers. (Scholar)
• Dhanani, A., 1994, The Physical Theory of Kalam: Atoms, Space, and Void in Basrian Mu‘tazili Cosmology, Leiden: E. J. Brill. (Scholar)
• –––, 2002, “Problems in Eleventh-Century Kalam Physics,” Bulletin of the Royal Institute for Inter-Faith Studies, 4: 73–96. (Scholar)
• –––, 2015, “The Impact of Ibn Sīnā’s Critique of Atomism on Subsequent Kalām Physics,” Arabic Sciences and Philosophy, 25: 79–104. (Scholar)
• Frank, R., 1978, Beings and Their Attributes: the teaching of the Basrian School of the Mu‘tazila in the Classical Period, Albany: State University of New York Press. (Scholar)
• Giannakis, E., 1998, “Yahya ibn ‘Adi Against John Philoponus on Place and Void,” in Zeitschrift für Geschichte der arabisch-islamischen Wissenschaften, 12: 245–302. (Scholar)
• Glasner, R. 2001, “Ibn Rushd’s Theory of minima maturalia,” Arabic Sciences and Philosophy, 11: 9–26. (Scholar)
• –––, 2009, Averroes’ Physics: A Turning Point in Medieval Natural Philosophy, Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Harvey, S., 2004, “The Impact of Philoponus’ Commentary on the Physics on Averroes’ Three Commentaries on the Physics,” in Philosophy, Science and Exegesis in Greek, Arabic and Latin Commentaries (Volume 2), P. Adamson, H. Baltussen and M. W. F. Stone (eds.), London: Institute of Classical Studies, pp. 89–105. (Scholar)
• Hasnawi, A., 1977, “Certain Notions of Time in Arab-Muslim Philosophy,” in Time and the Philosophies, Paul Ricoeur (ed.), Paris: UNESCO, pp. 49–79. (Scholar)
• –––, 1984, “La dynamique d’Ibn Sina,” in Études sur Avicenne, J. Jolivet and R. Rashed (eds.), Paris: Les Belles Lettres, pp. 103–23. (Scholar)
• –––, 2001, “La definition du mouvement dans la Physique du Šifa’ d’Avicenne,” Arabic Sciences and Philosophy, 11: 219–255. (Scholar)
• –––, 2004, “Le Statut categorical du mouvement chez Avicenne: Contexte grec et postérité médiévale latine,” in De Zénon d’Élée a Poincaré: Recueil d’études en homage a Roshdi Rashed, R. Morelon and A. Hasnawi (eds.), Louvain-Paris: Peeters, pp. 607–22. (Scholar)
• Lammer, A., 1994, The Elements of Avicenna’s Physics: Greek Sources and Arabic Innovations, Berlin, Boston: de Gruyters, 2017. (Scholar)
• Lettinck, P., 1994, Aristotle’s Physics and Its Reception in the Arabic World, Leiden: E. J. Brill. (Scholar)
• –––, 1999, “Ibn Sina on Atomism,” al-Shajarah, 4: 1–51. (Scholar)
• MacDonald, D. B., 1927, “Continuous Re-Creation and Atomic Time in Muslim Scholastic Theology,” Isis, 9: 326–344. (Scholar)
• Maróth, M., 2011, “Averroes on the void,” in La lumiére de l’intellect. La pensèe scientifique et philosophique d’Averroés dans son temps. Actes du IVe colloque international de la SIHSPAI, A. Hasnaoui (ed.), Leuven: Peeters, pp. 11–22. (Scholar)
• McGinnis, J., 2003, “The Topology of Time: an Analysis of Medieval Islamic Accounts of Discrete and Continuous Time,” The Modern Schoolman, 81: 5–25. (Scholar)
• –––, 2004, “On the Moment of Substantial Change: a Vexed Question in the History of Ideas,” in Interpreting Avicenna: Science and Philosophy in Medieval Islam, J. McGinnis (ed.), Leiden: E. J. Brill, pp. 42–61. (Scholar)
• –––, 2006a, “A Medieval Arabic Analysis of Motion at an Instant: The Avicennan Sources to the Forma Fluens/Fluxus Formae Debate,” British Journal for the History of Philosophy, 39: 1989–205. (Scholar)
• –––, 2006b, “Positioning Heaven: the Infidelity of a Faithful Aristotelian,” Phronesis, 51: 140–161. (Scholar)
• –––, 2010, “Avicennan Infinity: A Select History of the Infinite through Avicenna,” Documenti e Studi, 21: 199–222. (Scholar)
• –––, 2013, “Pointers, Guides, Founts and Gifts: The Reception of Avicennan Physics in the East,” Oriens, 41: 433–456. (Scholar)
• –––, 2015, “A Small Discovery: Avicenna’s Theory of Minima Naturalia,” Journal of the History of Philosophy, 53: 1–24. (Scholar)
• –––, 2018, “Changing Motion: The Place (and Misplace) of Avicenna’s Theory of Motion in the Post-Classical Islamic World,” in The Arabic, Hebrew and Latin Reception of Avicenna’s Physics and Cosmology, D. N. Hasse and A. Bertolacci (eds.) Scientia graeco-arabica 23, Berlin: De Gruyter, pp. 272–305. (Scholar)
• Nasr, S. H., 1993, An Introduction to Islamic Cosmological Doctrines, Albany: State University of New York Press. (Scholar)
• Nony, S., 2011, “La Dynamique d’Abû l-Barakât: Faire le vide pour Penser le Changement du Changement,” in In the Age of Averroes: Arabic Philosophy in the Sixth/Twelfth Century, P. Adamson (ed.), London: Warburg Institute, pp. 93–116. (Scholar)
• Pines, S., 1936, Beiträge zur islamischen Atomenlehre, Berlin: A. Heine G.m.b.H.; 1997, Studies in Islamic Atomism, M. Schwarz (trans.), Jerusalem: The Magnes Press. (Scholar)
• –––, 1979a, “Études sur Awhad al-Zaman Abu’l-Barakat al-Baghdadi,” in Studies in Abu’l-Barakat al-Baghdadi, Physics and Metaphysics (The Collected Works of Shlomo Pines, Volume 1), Jerusalem: The Magnes Press, pp. 1–95. (Scholar)
• –––, 1979b, “Nouvelles Études sur Awhad al-Zaman Abu’l-Barakat al-Baghdadi,” in Studies in Abu’l-Barakat al-Baghdadi, Physics and Metaphysics (The Collected Works of Shlomo Pines, Volume 1), Jerusalem: The Magnes Press, pp. 96–73. (Scholar)
• –––, 1979c, “Note on Abu’l-Barakat’s Celestial Physics,” in Studies in Abu’l-Barakat al-Baghdadi, Physics and Metaphysics (The Collected Works of Shlomo Pines, Volume 1), Jerusalem: The Magnes Press, pp. 175–80. (Scholar)
• Rashed, M., 2005, “Natural Philosophy,” in the Cambridge Companion to Arabic Philosophy, P. Adamson and R. Taylor (eds.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 287–307. (Scholar)
• –––, 2008, “Avicenna’s Theory of Primary Mixture,” Arabic Sciences and Philosophy, 18: 19–58. (Scholar)
• –––, 2011, “Le concept de lieu: Ibn al-Haytham, Averroés,” in La lumiére de l’intellect. La pensèe scientifique et philosophique d’Averroés dans son temps. Actes du IVe colloque international de la SIHSPAI, A. Hasnaoui (ed.), Leuven: Peeters, pp. 3–9. (Scholar)
• Sabra, A.I., 1997, “Thabit ibn Qurra on the Infinite and Other Puzzles,” in Zeitschrift für Geschichte der arabisch-islamischen Wissenschaften, 11: 1–33. (Scholar)
• –––, 2006, “Kalam Atomism As an Alternative Philosophy to Hellenizing Falsafa,” in Arabic Theology, Arabic Philosophy. From the Many to the One: Essays in Celebration of Richard M. Frank, J. E. Montgomery (ed.), Leuven: Peeters, pp. 199–272. (Scholar)
• Sayili, A., 1984, “Ibn Sînâ and Buridan on the Dynamics of Projectile Motion” in Ibn Sînâ, Dogumunum Bininci Yili Armagani, A. Sayili (ed.), Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basimevi, pp. 141–60. (Scholar)
• Setia, A., 2008, “Time, Motion, Distance, and Change in the Kalam of Fakhr al-Din al-Razi: a Preliminary Survey with Special Reference to the Matalib Aliyyah,” in Islam & Science, 6: 13–42. (Scholar)
• Shamsi, F. A., 1984, “Ibn Sina’s Argument against Atomicity,” Uluslararasi Ibni Sînâ Sempozyumu Bildirileri, Ankara: Kultur ve Turism Bakanligi, pp. 479–94. (Scholar)
• Stone, A., 2008, “Avicenna’s Theory of Primary Mixture,” Arabic Sciences and Philosophy, 18: 99–119. (Scholar)
• van Ess, J., 2002, “60 Years After Shlomo Pines’s Beiträge and Half a Century of Research on Atomism in Islamic Theology,” in Kleine Schriften, H. Biesterfeldt (ed.) Leiden: Brill, II, pp. 1121–44. (Scholar)
• Walbridge, J., 2012 “Kalam Illuminationists, Place, and the Void,” in La Nature et le Vide dans la Physique Médiévale, J. Biard and S. Rommevauz (eds.), Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 119–35. (Scholar)
• Wisnovsky, R., 2003, Avicenna’s Metaphysics in Context, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. (Scholar)
• Wolfson, H. A., 1929, Crescas’ Critique of Aristotle: Problems of Aristotle’s Physics in Jewish and Arabic Philosophy, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. (Scholar)
• –––, 1976, The Philosophy of Kalam, Cambridge: Harvard University Press. (Scholar)
• Zarepour, M. S., 2020, “Avicenna on Mathematical Infinity,” Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie, 102.3: 379–425. (Scholar)