Primary Literature

All of Cicero’s works are available with Latin text and facing English translation in the Loeb Classical Library series. A selection of translations and commentaries on individual works is given below:

• Annas, Julia and Raphael Woolf, 2001, Cicero, On Moral Ends, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• Brittain, Charles, 2006, Cicero, On Academic Scepticism, Translated with Introduction and Notes, Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Co. (Scholar)
• Douglas, A. E., 1985, Cicero, Tusculan Disputations I, edited and translated with Notes, Warminster: Aris & Phillips. (Scholar)
• –––, 1990, Cicero, Tusculan Disputations II and V, edited and translated with notes, Warminster: Aris & Phillips. (Scholar)
• Griffin, M. T. and E. M. Atkins, 1991, Cicero, On Duties, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• Graver, Margaret, 2002, Cicero on the Emotions: Tusculan Disputation 3 and 4, translated with commentary, Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press. (Scholar)
• Powell, J. G. F., 1990, Cicero, On Friendship and the Dream of Scipio, edited and translated with introduction and notes, Warminster: Aris & Phillips. (Scholar)
• Rudd, Niall and Jonathan Powell, 1998, Cicero, The Republic and the Laws, translated with introduction and notes, Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Sharples, R. W., 1991, Cicero: On Fate & Boethius: The Consolation of Philosophy, edited and translated with introduction and commentary, Warminster: Aris & Phillips. (Scholar)
• Walsh, P. G., 1998, Cicero, The Nature of the Gods, translated with introduction and notes, Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Wardle, David, 2006, Cicero, On Divination Book 1, translated with introduction and commentary, Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Wright, M. R., 1990, Cicero, On Stoic Good and Evil: De Finibus 3 and Paradoxa Stoicorum, edited and translated with introduction and commentary, Warminster: Aris & Phillips. (Scholar)
• Zetzel, James, 2017, Cicero, On the Commonwealth and On the Laws, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2nd edition. (Scholar)

Secondary Literature

There is a growing literature on Cicero as a philosopher. Set out below is a selection, with an emphasis on more recent scholarship, intended to serve as an accessible overview of resources that readers may find helpful in tackling Cicero’s thought. For those new to his philosophy, useful orientation may be found in the collections of essays edited by Powell 1995, Nicgorski 2012, and Atkins and Bénatouïl 2021; and in the pieces by Powell 2007, Schofield 2013, and Zetzel 2013.

• Allen, James, 2014, “Why There Are Ends of Both Goods and Evils in Ancient Ethical Theory”, in M.-K. Lee (ed.), Strategies of Argument: Essays in Ancient Epistemology, Ethics, and Logic, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 231–54. (Scholar)
• Alonso, Fernando, 2013, “Cosmopolitanism and Natural Law in Cicero”, in F. Contreras (ed.), The Threads of Natural Law: Unravelling a Philosophical Tradition, Dordrecht: Springer, pp. 27–36. (Scholar)
• Altman, William, 2008, “Tullia’s Secret Shrine: Birth and Death in Cicero’s De Finibus”, Ancient Philosophy, 28: 373–93. (Scholar)
• Annas, Julia, 1989, “Cicero on Stoic Moral Philosophy and Private Property”, in M. T. Griffin and J. Barnes (eds.), Philosophia Togata I: Essays on Philosophy and Roman Society, Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 151–73. (Scholar)
• –––, 2013, “Plato’s Laws and Cicero’s De Legibus”, in M. Schofield (ed.), Aristotle, Plato and Pythagoreanism in the First Century BC, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013, pp. 206–24. (Scholar)
• Annas, Julia and Gábor Betegh, (eds.), 2016, Cicero’s De Finibus: Philosophical Approaches, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• Asmis, Elizabeth, 2004, “The State as a Partnership: Cicero’s Definition of Res Publica in His Work On the State”, History of Political Thought, 25: 569–98. (Scholar)
• –––, 2005, “A New Kind of Model: Cicero’s Roman Constitution in De Republica”, American Journal of Philology, 126: 377–416. (Scholar)
• –––, 2008, “Cicero on Natural Law and the Laws of the State”, Classical Antiquity, 27: 1–34. (Scholar)
• Atkins, E. M., 2000, “Cicero”, in C. Rowe and M. Schofield (eds.), The Cambridge History of Greek and Roman Political Thought, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 477–516. (Scholar)
• Atkins, Jed, 2013, Cicero on Politics and the Limits of Reason: The Republic and Laws, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• Atkins, Jed and Thomas Bénatouïl (eds.), 2021, The Cambridge Companion to Cicero’s Philosophy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• Baraz, Yelena, 2012, A Written Republic: Cicero’s Philosophical Politics, Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press. (Scholar)
• Bishop, Caroline, 2019, Cicero, Greek Learning and the Making of a Roman Classic, Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Brittain, Charles, 2016, “Cicero’s Sceptical Methods: The Example of the De Finibus”, in Annas and Betegh, pp. 12–40. (Scholar)
• Cappello, Orazio, 2019, The School of Doubt: Skepticism, History and Politics in Cicero’s Academica, Leiden and Boston: Brill. (Scholar)
• DeFilippo, Joseph, 2000, “Cicero vs Cotta in De Natura Deorum”, Ancient Philosophy, 20: 169–87. (Scholar)
• Ferrary, Jean-Louis, 1995, “The Statesman and the Law in the Political Philosophy of Cicero”, in Laks and Schofield, pp. 48–73. (Scholar)
• Fosl, Peter, 1994, “Doubt and Divinity: Cicero’s Influence on Hume’s Religious Skepticism”, Hume Studies, 20: 103–20. (Scholar)
• Fuhrmann, Manfred, 1992, Cicero and the Roman Republic, translated by W. E. Yuill, Oxford: Basil Blackwell. (Scholar)
• Gildenhard, Ingo, 2007, Paideia Romana: Cicero’s Tusculan Disputations, Proceedings of the Cambridge Philological Society (Supplementary Volume 30), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• Gill, Christopher, 1988, “Person and Personality: The Four-Personae Theory in Cicero’s De Officiis I”, Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy, 6: 169–99. (Scholar)
• Glucker, John, 1988, “Cicero’s Philosophical Affiliations” in J. Dillon and A. A. Long (eds.), The Question of “Eclecticism”: Studies in Later Greek Philosophy, Berkely and Los Angeles: University of California Press, pp. 34–69. (Scholar)
• Görler, Woldemar, 1995, “Silencing the Troublemaker: De Legibus I.39 and the Continuity of Cicero’s Scepticism”, in Powell (ed.), pp. 85–113. (Scholar)
• Gorman, Robert, 2005, The Socratic Method in the Dialogues of Cicero, Stuttgart: Franz Steiner. (Scholar)
• Graver, Margaret, 2009, “Cicero’s Philosophy of Religion”, in G. Oppy and N. Trakakis (eds.), History of the Western Philosophy of Religion (Volume 1), Durham: Acumen Publishing, pp. 119–32. (Scholar)
• Griffin, Miriam, 2011, “The Politics of Virtue: Three Puzzles in Cicero’s De Officiis”, in B. Morison and K. Ierodiakonou (eds.), Episteme etc.: Essays in Honour of Jonathan Barnes, New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 310-28. (Scholar)
• Hösle, Vittorio, 2008, “Cicero’s Plato”, Wiener Studien, 121: 145–70. (Scholar)
• Inwood, Brad, 1990, “Rhetorica Disputatio: The Strategy of De Finibus II”, Apeiron, 23: 143–64. (Scholar)
• Inwood, Brad and Jaap Mansfeld (eds.), 1997, Assent and Argument: Studies in Cicero’s Academic Books, Leiden: Brill. (Scholar)
• Laks, André and Malcolm Schofield (eds.), 1995, Justice and Generosity, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• Long, A. A., 1995a, “Cicero’s Politics in De Officiis”, in Laks and Schofield, pp. 213–40. (Scholar)
• –––, 1995b, “Cicero’s Plato and Aristotle”, in Powell (ed.), 37–61. (Scholar)
• Long, A. G., 2015, “Academic Eloquence and the End of Cicero’s De Finibus”, Ancient Philosophy, 35: 183–98. (Scholar)
• McConnell, Sean, 2014, Philosophical Life in Cicero’s Letters, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• Nicgorski, Walter (ed.), 2012, Cicero’s Practical Philosophy, Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press. (Scholar)
• Nussbaum, Martha, 2000, “Duties of Justice, Duties of Material Aid: Cicero’s Problematic Legacy”, Journal of Political Philosophy, 8: 176–206. (Scholar)
• Powell, J. G. F., 2007, “Cicero”, in R. Sorabji and R. W. Sharples (eds.), Greek and Roman Philosophy 100 BC–200 AD II, Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies (Supplement), 94: 333–45. (Scholar)
• ––– (ed.), 1995, Cicero the Philosopher, Oxford: Clarendon Press. (Scholar)
• Powell, J. G. F. and J. A. North (eds.), 2001, Cicero’s Republic, Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies (Supplement), Number 76. (Scholar)
• Rawson, Elizabeth, 1994, Cicero: A Portrait, Bristol: Bristol Classical Press. (Scholar)
• Reydams-Schils, Gretchen, 2016, “Teaching Pericles: Cicero on the Study of Nature”, in G. Williams and K. Volk (eds.), Roman Reflections: Studies in Latin Philosophy, New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 91–107. (Scholar)
• Schofield, Malcolm, 1986, “Cicero for and against Divination”, Journal of Roman Studies, 76: 47–65. (Scholar)
• –––, 2002, ‘Academic Therapy: Philo of Larissa and Cicero’s Project in the Tusculans’, in G. Clark and T. Rajak (eds.), Philosophy and Power in the Graeco-Roman World, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 91–109. (Scholar)
• –––, 2008, “Ciceronian Dialogue”, in S. Goldhill (ed.), The End of Dialogue in Antiquity, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 63–84. (Scholar)
• –––, 2013, “Writing Philosophy”, in Steel (ed.), pp. 73–87. (Scholar)
• –––, 2021, Cicero: Political Philosophy, Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Steel, Catherine (ed.), 2013, The Cambridge Companion to Cicero, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• Striker, Gisela, 1995, “Cicero and Greek Philosophy”, Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, 97: 53–61. (Scholar)
• Stuart-Buttle, Tim, 2020, “Hume, Cicero, and Eighteenth-Century Moral Philosophy”, in F. Loughlin and A. Johnston (eds.), Antiquity and Enlightenment Culture: New Approaches and Perspectives, Leiden: Brill, pp. 195–218. (Scholar)
• Tempest, Kathryn, 2011, Cicero: Politics and Persuasion in Ancient Rome, London: Continuum. (Scholar)
• Thorsrud, Harald, 2012, “Radical and Mitigated Skepticism in Cicero’s Academica”, in Nicgorski (ed.) 2012, pp. 133–51. (Scholar)
• Warren, James, 2013, “The Harm of Death in Cicero’s First Tuscuslan Disputation”, in J. Stacey Taylor (ed.), The Metaphysics and Ethics of Death, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 44–70. (Scholar)
• Williams, Bernard, 2006, The Sense of the Past: Essays in the History of Philosophy, Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, pp. 3–48. (Scholar)
• Wood, Neal, 1988, Cicero’s Social and Political Thought, Berkeley: University of California Press. (Scholar)
• Woolf, Raphael, 2007, “Particularism, Promises and Persons in Cicero’s De Officiis”, Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy, 33: 317–46. (Scholar)
• –––, 2013, “Cicero and Gyges”, Classical Quarterly, 63: 801–12. (Scholar)
• –––, 2015, Cicero: The Philosophy of a Roman Sceptic, Abingdon: Routledge. (Scholar)
• –––, 2021, “Unnatural Law: A Ciceronian Perspective”, in P. Adamson and C. Rapp (eds.), State and Nature: Studies in Ancient and Medieval Philosophy, Berlin: DeGruyter, pp. 221–45. (Scholar)
• Wynne, J. P. F., 2018, “Cicero”, in D. Machuca and B. Reid (eds.), Skepticism: From Antiquity to the Present, London: Bloomsbury, pp. 93–101. (Scholar)
• –––, 2019, Cicero on the Philosophy of Religion, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• –––, 2021, “Cicero’s Tusculan Disputations: A Sceptical Reading”, Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy, 58: 205–238. (Scholar)
• Zetzel, James, 2013, “Political Philosophy”, in Steel (ed.) 2013, pp. 181–95. (Scholar)