Primary Literature

Secondary Literature

Biography

• Brewster, D., 1855, Memoirs of the Life, Writings, and Discoveries of Sir Isaac Newton, 2 vols, Edinburgh: Thomas Constable & Co. [Second volume available online.] (Scholar)
• Ferguson, J. P., 1976, An Eighteenth Century Heretic. Dr Samuel Clarke, Kineton, UK: Roundwood Press. (Scholar)
• Hoadly, B. (ed.), 1730, Sermons on Several Subjects by Samuel Clarke, D.D., London: W. Botham. [Available online.] (Scholar)
• Stephen, L., 1881, “Clarke and Wollaston,” A History of English Thought in the Eighteenth Century, 2 volumes, 2nd edition, London: Smith, Elder, & Co. [Available online.] (Scholar)
• Stephen, L., and Lee, S., (eds.), 1882, Dictionary of National Biography, London; reprinted by London: Oxford University Press, 1949–50, sub voce. (Scholar)
• Sykes, A., 1729, “The Elogium of the late truly Learned, Reverend and Pious Samuel Clarke, D.D.,” W. Whiston (ed.), Historical Memoirs of the Life of Dr. Samuel Clarke, 3rd edition, London, 1748. [Available online.] (Scholar)
• Whiston, W., 1728, A Collection of Authentick Records, London. [Available online.] (Scholar)
• –––, 1730, Historical Memoirs of the Life of Dr. Samuel Clarke, London. [Available online.] (Scholar)

Metaphysics and Correspondence

• Attfield, R., 1977, “Clarke, Collins and Compounds,” Journal of the History of Philosophy, 15: 45–54. (Scholar)
• Brown, G., 2004, “Leibniz’s Endgame and the Ladies of the Courts,” Journal of the History of Ideas, 65 (1): 75–100. (Scholar)
• –––, 2016, “Did Samuel Clarke Really Disavow Action at a Distance in His Correspondence with Leibniz?: Newton, Clarke, and Bentley on Gravitation and Action at a Distance,” Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 60: 38–47. (Scholar)
• Garrett, A., 2013, “Mind and Matter,” The Oxford Handbook of British Philosophy in the Eighteenth Century, J. A. Harris (ed.), 171–193. (Scholar)
• Greenberg, S., 2013, “Liberty and Necessity,” The Oxford Handbook of British Philosophy in the Eighteenth Century, J. A. Harris (ed.), 171–193. (Scholar)
• Harris, J., 2005, Of Liberty and Necessity: The Free Will Debate in Eighteenth-Century British Philosophy, Oxford: Clarendon Press. (Scholar)
• Henry, J., 2020, “Primary and Secondary Causation in Samuel Clarke’s and Isaac Newton’s Theories of Gravity,” Isis, 111 (3): 542–561. (Scholar)
• Janiak, A., 2007, “Newton and the Reality of Force,” Journal of the History of Philosophy, 45 (1): 127–147. (Scholar)
• Khamara, E., 2006, Space, Time, and Theology in the Leibniz-Newton Controversy, Frankfurt: Ontos Verlag. (Scholar)
• Koyré, A., and Cohen, I. B., “The Case of the Missing Tanquam: Leibniz, Newton & Clarke,” Isis 52 (4): 555–566. (Scholar)
• O’Higgins, J., (ed.), 1976, Determinism and Freewill: Anthony Collins’ “A Philosophical Inquiry concerning Human Liberty,” The Hague: M. Nijhoff. (Scholar)
• Pfizenmaier, T. C., 1997, The Trinitarian Theology of Dr. Samuel Clarke (1675–1729): Context, Sources, and Controversy, Leiden: Brill. (Scholar)
• Price, R., and Priestley, J., 1778, A Free Discussion of the Doctrines of Materialism and Philosophical Necessity, London: J. Johnson. [Available online.] (Scholar)
• Rowe, W. L., 1971, “The Cosmological Argument,” Noûs, 5 (1): 49–61. (Scholar)
• –––, 1973, Philosophy of Religion, New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. (Scholar)
• –––, 1987, “Causality and Free Will in the Controversy Between Collins and Clarke,” The Journal of the History of Philosophy, 25: 51–67. (Scholar)
• Rozemond, M., 2003, “Descartes, Mind-Body Union, and Holenmerism,” Philosophical Topics, 31 (1–2): 343–367. (Scholar)
• –––, 2008, “The Achilles Argument and the Nature of Matter in the Clarke-Collins Correspondence,” The Achilles of Rationalist Psychology, T. Lennon & R. Stainton (eds.), 159–175. (Scholar)
• –––, 2009, “Can Matter Think? The Mind-Body Problem in the Clarke-Collins Correspondence,” Topics in Early Modern Philosophy of Mind, J. Miller (ed.), 171–192. (Scholar)
• Sangiacomo, A., 2018, “Samuel Clarke on Agent Causation, Voluntarism, and Occasionalism,” Science in Context, 31 (4): 421–456. (Scholar)
• Schliesser, E., 2012, “Newton and Spinoza: On Motion and Matter (And God, Of Course),” The Southern Journal of Philosophy, 50: 436–458. (Scholar)
• –––, 2013, “Newton and Newtonianism in Eighteenth-Century British Thought,” The Oxford Handbook of British Philosophy in the Eighteenth Century, J. A. Harris (ed.), New York: Oxford University Press, 41–64. (Scholar)
• Thiel, U., 2011, The Early Modern Subject, New York: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Thomas, E., 2018, Absolute Time: Rifts in Early Modern British Metaphysics, New York: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Tuggy, D., 2014, “Divine Deception and Monotheism,” Journal of Analytic Theology, 2: 186–209. (Scholar)
• Uzgalis, W., 2018, “Minds and Persons in the Clarke Collins Correspondence,” Philosophy of Mind in the Early Modern and Modern Ages, R. Copenhaver (ed.), London: Routledge, 266–283. (Scholar)
• Vailati, E., 1993, “Clarke’s Extended Soul,”Journal of the History of Philosophy, 28: 213–28. (Scholar)
• –––, 1997, Leibniz and Clarke: A Study of their Correspondence, New York: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Wigelsworth, J. R., 2009, Deism in Enlightenment England: Theology, Politics, and Newtonian Public Science, Manchester: Manchester University Press. (Scholar)
• Wolf, L., 2019, “Clarke’s Rejection of Superadded Gravity in the Clarke-Collins Correspondence,” History of Philosophy Quarterly, 36 (3): 237–255. (Scholar)
• –––, 2022, “Was Clarke a Voluntarist?” Journal of Modern Philosophy, 4 (1): 6. doi:10.25894/jmp.2051 (Scholar)
• Yenter, T., 2014, “Clarke Against Spinoza on the Manifest Diversity of the World,” British Journal for the History of Philosophy, 22: 260–280. (Scholar)
• –––, 2022, “What Hume Didn’t Notice about Divine Causation,” Philosophical Essays on Divine Causation, G. Ganssle (ed.), New York: Routledge, 158–173. (Scholar)

Ethics, Religion, and the Boyle Lectures

• Atkey, A., 1725, Letters Written, in MDCCXXV, to the Rev. Dr. Samuel Clarke, relating to an argument advanced by the Doctor, in his Demonstration of the Being and Attributes of God, in proof of the Unity of the Deity: with the Doctor’s Answers, London: Daniel Browne, 1745. (Scholar)
• Boeker, R., 2022, “Hutcheson and his Critics and Opponents on the Moral Sense,” Journal of Scottish Philosophy, 20 (2): 143–161. (Scholar)
• Dahm, J. J., 1970, “Science and Apologetics in the Early Boyle Lectures,” Church History, 39 (2): 172–186. (Scholar)
• Force, J. E., 1984, “Hume and the Relation of Science to Religion among Certain Members of the Royal Society,” Journal of the History of Ideas, 45 (4): 517–536. (Scholar)
• –––, 1996, “Samuel Clarke’s Four Categories of Deism, Isaac Newton, and the Bible,” Scepticism in the History of Philosophy, R. Popkin (ed.), Dordrecht: Kluwer, 53–74. (Scholar)
• Jacob, M. C., 1976, The Newtonians and the English Revolution: 1689–1720, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. (Scholar)
• –––, 1977, “Newtonianism and the Origins of the Enlightenment: A Reassessment,” Eighteenth Century Studies, 11 (1): 1–25. (Scholar)
• Kelly, E., 2002, “Moral Agency and Free Choice: Clarke’s Unlikely Success against Hume,” Archiv fur Geschichte der Philosophie, 84 (3): 297–318. (Scholar)
• Khamara, E. J., 1992, “Hume Versus Clarke on the Cosmological Argument,” The Philosophical Quarterly, 42: 34–55. (Scholar)
• Le Rossignol, J. E., 1892, The Ethical Philosophy of Samuel Clarke, Leipzig. (Scholar)
• MacIntosh, J. J., 1997, “The Argument from the Need for Similar or ‘Higher’ Qualities: Cudworth, Locke, and Clarke on God’s Existence,” Enlightenment and Dissent, 16: 29–59. (Scholar)
• Radcliffe, E.S., 2019, “Ruly and Unruly Passions: Early Modern Perspectives,” Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement, 85: 21–38. (Scholar)
• Rowe, W. R., 1997, “Clarke and Leibniz on Divine Perfection and Freedom,” Enlightenment and Dissent, 16: 60–82. (Scholar)
• Schneewind, J. B., 1997, The Invention of Autonomy: A History of Modern Moral Philosophy, New York: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• Sheridan, P., 2007, “The Metaphysical Morality of Francis Hutcheson: A Consideration of Hutcheson’s Critique of Moral Fitness Theory,” Sophia, 46 (3): 263–75. (Scholar)
• Sidgwick, H., 1886, Outlines of the History of Ethics, London: Macmillan and Co. (Scholar)
• Snobelen, S., 2001, “‘God of Gods, and Lord of Lords:’ The Theology of Isaac Newton’s General Scholium to the Principia,” Osiris, 16: 169–208. (Scholar)
• –––, 2004, “Socinianism and Newtonianism: The Case of Samuel Clarke,” Fausto Sozzini e la Filosofia in Europa, M. Priarolo and M. E. Scribano (eds.), Accademia Senese Degli Intronat. (Scholar)
• Stewart, L., 1981, “Samuel Clarke, Newtonianism and the Factions of Post-Revolutionary England,” Journal of the History of Ideas, 42: 53–71. (Scholar)
• –––, 1996, “Seeing through the Scholium: Religion and Reading Newton in the Eighteenth Century,” History of Science, 34 (2): 123–165. (Scholar)
• Thomas, D. O., 1997, “Reason and Revelation in Samuel Clarke’s Epistemology of Morals,” Enlightenment and Dissent, 16: 114–135. (Scholar)
• Young, J. O., 2023, “Catharine Trotter Cockburn on Moral Knowledge,” Journal of the History of Women Philosophers and Scientists, 2 (1–2): 46–67. (Scholar)
• Zebrowski, M. K., 1997, “’Commanded of God, Because ‘tis Holy and Good’: The Christian Platonism and Natural Law of Samuel Clarke,” Enlightenment and Dissent, 16: 3–28. (Scholar)

Influence and Reception

• Ablondi, F., 2013, “Newtonian Vs. Newtonian: Baxter and Maclaurin on the Inactivity of Matter,” The Journal of Scottish Philosophy, 11 (1): 15–23. (Scholar)
• Attfield, R., 2004, “Rousseau, Clarke, Butler and Critiques of Deism,” British Journal for the History of Philosophy, 12 (3): 429–443. (Scholar)
• Barresi, J., and Martin, R., 2004, Naturalization of the Soul: Self and Personal Identity in the Eighteenth Century, New York: Routledge. (Scholar)
• Baxter, A., 1733, An Enquiry into the Nature of the Human Soul, London: James Bettenham. (Scholar)
• Coleridge, S. T., 1854, “Notes on Waterland’s Vindication of Christ’s Divinity,” The Complete Works of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, volume 5, New York: Harper and Brothers Press. (Scholar)
• Edwards, J., 1754, Freedom of the Will, P. Ramsey (ed.), New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1957. [Available online] (Scholar)
• Ferguson, J. P., 1974, The Philosophy of Dr Samuel Clarke and Its Critics, New York: Vantage Press. (Scholar)
• Flew, A., 1951, “Locke and the Problem of Personal Identity,” Philosophy, 26: 359–383. (Scholar)
• Hume, D., 1739, A Treatise of Human Nature, London: John Noonan. [Available online] (Scholar)
• –––, 1745, A Letter from a Gentleman to His Friend in Edinburgh, Edinburgh. (Scholar)
• Hutton, S., 2012, “Between Newton and Leibniz: Emilie du Châtelet and Samuel Clarke,” R. Hagengruber (ed.) Emilie du Châtelet between Leibniz and Newton, Dordrecht: Springer, 77–95. (Scholar)
• Jorati, J.,“Du Châtelet on Freedom, Self-Motion, and Moral Necessity,”Journal of the History of Philosophy, 57 (2): 255–280. (Scholar)
• Kant, I., 1781/1787, Critique of Pure Reason, P. Guyer and A. W. Wood (eds.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998. (Scholar)
• Landy, D., 2020, “Shepherd on Hume’s Argument for the Possibility of Uncaused Existence,” Journal of Modern Philosophy, 2 (1). doi:10.25894/jmp.2131 (Scholar)
• Law, E., 1758, Collected Works of Edmund Law, 5 vols., V. Nuovo (ed.), Chippenham: Thoemmes, 1997. (Scholar)
• Meli, D. B., 1999, “Caroline, Leibniz, and Clarke,” Journal of the History of Ideas, 60 (3): 469–486. (Scholar)
• Newton, I., 1726, The Principia: Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, I. B. Cohen and A. Whitman (trans. and eds.), Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1999. (Scholar)
• Prior, A., 1957, “Opposite Number,” Review of Metaphysics, 11: 196–201. (Scholar)
• Rousseau, J., 1762, Emile or On Education, A. Bloom (ed. and trans.), New York: Basic Books, 1997. (Scholar)
• Russell, P., 1997, “Clarke’s ‘Almighty Space’ and Hume’s Treatise,” Enlightenment and Dissent, 16: 83–113. (Scholar)
• –––, 2008, The Riddle of Hume’s Treatise: Skepticism, Naturalism, and Irreligion, New York: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Schliesser, E., 2020, “Does Berkeley’s Immaterialism Support Toland’s Spinozism? The Posidonian Argument and the Eleventh Objection,” Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement, 88: 33–71. (Scholar)
• Schüller, V., 2023, “Samuel Clarke’s Annotations in Jacques Rohault’s Traité de Physique, and How They Contributed to Popularising Newton’s Physics,” W. Lefèvre (ed.), Between Leibniz, Newton, and Kant: Philosophy and Science in the Eighteenth Century, Dordrecht: Springer Verlag, 139–156. (Scholar)
• Shepherd, M., 1824, An Essay upon the Relation of Cause and Effect, London: T. Hookham. (Scholar)
• Stewart, J., 1754, “Some Remarks on the Laws of Motion, and the Inertia of Matter,” Essays and Observations, Physical and Literary, Edinburgh: G. Hamilton and J. Balfour. (Scholar)
• Thomas, E., 2017, “Creation, Divine Freedom, and Catherine Cockburn: An Intellectualist on Possible Worlds and Contingent Laws,” Women and Liberty, 1600–1800: Philosophical Essays, J. Broad and K. Detlefsen (eds.), New York: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Tull Baker, J., 1932, “Space, Time, and God: A Chapter in Eighteenth Century English Philosophy,” The Philosophical Review, 41 (6): 577–593. (Scholar)
• Voltaire, 1752, “Plato,” Philosophical Dictionary, W. F. Fleming (trans.), New York: E. R. Dumont, 1901. (Scholar)
• Watts, I., 1733, Philosophical Essays on Various Subjects, 2nd edition, London: Richard Ford. (Scholar)
• Wells, A., 2022, “Du Châtelet’s Libertarianism,” History of Philosophy Quarterly, 38 (3): 219–241. (Scholar)
• Williams, B., 1957, “Personal Identity and Individuation,” Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, 57: 229–252. (Scholar)
• Winkler, K., 1989, “Our Modern Metaphysicians,” British Society for the History of Philosophy Newsletter, 4: 35–40. (Scholar)
• Yajima, N., 2024, “Formation of Butler’s Moral Theology as a Foundation of Commercial Society,” Joseph Butler: A Preacher for Eighteenth-Century Commercial Society, D. Arie, M. Okubo, and N. Yajima (eds), Singapore: Springer Nature, 25–40. (Scholar)
• Yenter, T., 2023, “The Metaphysical Implications of Newtonianism,” Scottish Philosophy in the Eighteenth Century, Volume II: Method, Metaphysics, Mind, Language, A. Garrett and J. Harris (eds.), Oxford: Oxford University Press, 108–143. (Scholar)
• Yolton, J. W., 1983, Thinking Matter: Materialism in Eighteenth-Century Britain, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. (Scholar)