Historical

Primary

Several of the historical writings—those marked ‘*’ below and others—are reprinted in part or full in Theories of Federalism: A Reader, Dimitrios Karmis and Wayne Norman (eds.), New York: Palgrave, 2005.

• Brutus, Junius (Philippe Duplessis-Mornay?), 1579, Vindiciae contra tyrannos, George Garnett (transl. and ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994. (Scholar)
• *Althusius, Johannes, 1603, Politica Methodice Digesta, Frederick S. Carney (transl.), Daniel J. Elazar (introd.), Indianapolis: Liberty Press, 1995. (Scholar)
• Arendt, Hannah, 1972, “Thoughts on Politics and Revolution,” in Crises of the Republic, New York: Harcourt Brace, 199–233. (Scholar)
• Hugo, Ludolph, 1661, De Statu Regionum Germaniae. Helmstadt: Sumptibus Hammianis. (Scholar)
• Saint-Pierre, Abbé Charles, 1713, Projet pour rendre la paix perpêtuelle en Europe (Project to make peace perpetual in Europe), Paris: Fayard, 1986. (Scholar)
• *Montesquieu, Baron de, 1748, The Spirit of Laws, Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 2002. (Scholar)
• *Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 1761, A Lasting Peace Through the Federation of Europe, C.E. Vaughan (trans.), London: Constable, 1917. (Scholar)
• *–––, 1761, “Summary and Critique of Abbé Saint-Pierre’s Project for Perpetual Peace,” in Grace G. Roosevelt (ed.), Reading Rousseau in the Nuclear Age, Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1990. (Scholar)
• Hume, David, 1752, “Idea of a Perfect Commonwealth,” in T.H. Green and T.H. Grose (eds.), Essays moral, political and literary, London: Longmans, Green, 1882 (Scholar)
• Smith, Adam, 1776, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, London: Dent, 1954. (Scholar)
• Storing, Herbert, and Murray Dry (eds.), 1981, The Complete Anti-Federalist (7 Volumes), Chicago: University of Chicago Press. (Scholar)
• *Hamilton, Alexander, James Madison, and John Jay, 1787–88, The Federalist Papers, Jacob E. Cooke (ed.), Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1961. (Scholar)
• Kant, Immanuel, 1784, “An Answer to the Question: ‘What Is Enlightenment?’” in Hans Reiss (ed.), Kant’s Political Writings, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970, 54–60.
• *–––, 1796, “Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch,” in Hans Reiss (ed.), Kant’s Political Writings, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970, 93–130. (Scholar)
• *de Tocqueville, Alexis, 1835–40, Democracy in America, P. Bradley (ed.), New York: Vintage, 1945 [Text available online]. (Scholar)
• *Mill, John Stuart, 1861, Considerations on Representative Government, New York: Liberal Arts Press, 1958 [Text available online]. (Scholar)
• *Proudhon, Pierre Joseph, 1863, Du Principe Federatif, J.-L. Puech and Th. Ruyssen (eds.), Paris: M. Riviere, 1959. (Scholar)
• Leo XIII, 1891, “Rerum Novarum,” in The Papal Encyclicals 1903–1939, Raleigh: Mcgrath, 1981. (Scholar)
• Renner, Karl, 1899, Staat und Nation, Vienna. Reprinted as “State and Nation” in Ephraim Nimni (ed.), National Cultural Autonomy and Its Contemporary Critics, London: Routledge, 2005, 64–82. (Scholar)
• Pius XI, 1931. “Quadragesimo Anno,” in The Papal Encyclicals 1903–1939, Raleigh: Mcgrath, 1981. (Scholar)
• *Spinelli, Altiero, and Ernesto Rossi, 1944, Il manifesto di Ventotene (The Ventotene Manifesto), Naples: Guida, 1982; reprinted in Karmis and Norman 2005. [Text available online] (Scholar)
• Vattel, Emmerich, 1758 (2008), “The Law of Nations (Le Droit Des Gens),” in The Classics of International Law, edited by Bela Kapossy and Richard Whatmore, Indianapolis: Liberty Fund. (Scholar)

Secondary sources

• Aroney, Nicholas, 2007, “Subsidiarity, Federalism and the Best Constitution: Thomas Aquinas on City, Province and Empire,” Law and Philosophy, 26(2): 161–228. (Scholar)
• Dimitrios, Karmis, 2010, “Togetherness in Multinational Federal Democracies. Tocqueville, Proudhon and the Theoretical Gap in the Modern Federal Tradition,” in M. Burgess and A. G. Gagnon (eds.), Federal Democracies, Abingdon: Routledge, 46–63. (Scholar)
• Elazar, Daniel J., 1987, Federalism As Grand Design: Political Philosophers and the Federal Principle, Lanham, MD: University Press of America. (Scholar)
• Forsyth, Murray, 1981, Union of States: the Theory and Practice of Confederation, Leicester: Leicester University Press. (Scholar)
• Hueglin, Thomas O., 1999, Early Modern Concepts for a Late Modern World: Althusius on Community and Federalism, Waterloo, Ontario: Wilfrid Laurier University Press. (Scholar)
• Jewkes, Michael, 2016, “Diversity, Federalism and the Nineteenth-Century Liberals,” Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy, 19(2): 184–205. (Scholar)
• Klusmeyer, Douglas, 2010, “Hannah Arendt’s Case for Federalism,” Publius, 40(1): 31–58. (Scholar)
• Levinson, Sanford, 2015, An Argument Open to All: Reading “the Federalist” in the 21st Century, New Haven: Yale University Press. (Scholar)
• Riley, Patrick, 1973, “Rousseau As a Theorist of National and International Federalism,” Publius, 3(1): 5–18. (Scholar)
• –––, 1976, “Three Seventeenth-Century Theorists of Federalism: Althusius, Hugo and Leibniz,” Publius, 6(3): 7–42. (Scholar)
• –––, 1979, “Federalism in Kant’s Political Philosophy,” Publius, 9(4): 43–64. (Scholar)
• Stoppenbrink, Katja, 2016, “Representative Government and Federalism in John Stuart Mill,” in D. Heidemann and K. Stoppenbrink (eds.), Join, or Die: Philosophical Foundations of Federalism, Berlin: de Gruyter: 209–232. (Scholar)

Contemporary

Publius: The Journal of Federalism, regularly publishes philosophical articles.

Anthologies

• Bakvis, Herman, and William M. Chandler (eds.), 1987, Federalism and the Role of the State, Toronto: Toronto University Press. (Scholar)
• Bottomore, Tom and Patrick Goode (eds.), 1978, Austro-Marxism, Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Burgess, Michael, and Alain G. Gagnon (eds.), 1993, Comparative Federalism and Federation: Competing Traditions and Future Directions, London: Harvester Wheatsheaf. (Scholar)
• –––, 2010, Federal Democracies, Abingdon: Routledge. (Scholar)
• Fleiner, Thomas, and Nicolas Schmitt (eds.), 1996, Towards European Constitution: Europe and Federal Experiences, Fribourg: Institute of Federalism. (Scholar)
• Fleming, James E., and Jacob T. Levy (eds.), 2014, Federalism and Subsidiarity, Nomos (Volume 55), New York: New York University Press. (Scholar)
• Franck, Thomas M. (ed.), 1968, Why Federations Fail: An Inquiry into the Requisites for Successful Federalism, New York: New York University Press. (Scholar)
• Gagnon, Alain-G., and James Tully (eds.), 2001, Multinational Democracies, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• Gaudreault-DesBiens, Jean-François, and Fabien Gélinas (eds.), 2005, The States and Moods of Federalism: Governance, Identity and Methodology—Le Fédéralisme Dans Tous Ses États : Gouvernance, Identité Et Méthodologie Quebec: Éditions Yvon Blais. (Scholar)
• Grégoire, Jean-Francois, and Michael Jewkes, (eds.), 2015, Recognition and Redistribution in Multinational Federations, Leuven: Leuven University Press. (Scholar)
• Gutmann, Amy (ed.), 1994, Multiculturalism: Examining the Politics of Recognition, Princeton: Princeton University Press. (Scholar)
• Härtel, Ines (ed.), 2012, Handbuch Föderalismus: – Föderalismus als Demokratische Rechtsordnung und Rechtskultur in Deutschland, Europa und der Welt, 4 volumes, Berlin: Springer. (Scholar)
• Heidemann, Dietmar, and Katja Stoppenbrink (eds.), 2016, Join, or Die: Philosophical Foundations of Federalism, Berlin: De Gruyter. (Scholar)
• Karmis, Dimitrios, and Wayne Norman (eds.), 2005, Theories of Federalism: A Reader, New York: Palgrave. (Scholar)
• Kincaid, John (ed.), 2011, Federalism, 4 Vols., Sage Library of Political Science London. (Scholar)
• Knop, Karen, Sylvia Ostry, Richard Simeon and Katherine Swinton (eds.), 1995, Rethinking Federalism: Citizens, Markets and Governments in a Changing World, Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press. (Scholar)
• Kymlicka, Will, and Wayne Norman (eds.), 2000, Citizenship in Diverse Societies, Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Nicolaidis, Kalypso, and Robert Howse (eds.), 2001, The Federal Vision: Legitimacy and Levels of Governance in the US and the EU, Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Nimni, Ephraim (ed.), 2005, National-Cultural Autonomy and its Contemporary Critics, Milton Park: Routledge. (Scholar)
• Steytler, Nico (ed.) 2021. Comparative federalism and Covid-19: Combating the Pandemic, Routledge. (Scholar)
• Trechsel, Alexander (ed.), 2006, Towards a Federal Europe, London: Routledge. (Scholar)
• Tushnet, Mark (ed.), 1990, Comparative Constitutional Federalism: Europe and America, New York: Greenwood Press. (Scholar)
• Ward, Ann, and Lee Ward (eds.), 2009, The Ashgate Research Companion to Federalism. Farnham: Ashgate. (Scholar)

Books and Articles

• Acton, Lord, 1907, “Nationality,” in J. N. Figgis (ed.), The History of Freedom and Other Essays, London: Macmillan. (Scholar)
• Adler, Joseph H., 2005, “Jurisdictional mismatch in environmental federalism,” New York University Environmental Law Journal, 14: 130–178. (Scholar)
• Ballara, Angela, 1998, Iwi: The Dynamics of Māori Tribal Organisation from C.1769 to C.1945. Wellington: Victoria University Press (Scholar)
• Bauer, Otto, 2000, The Question of Nationalities and Social Democracy (with introduction by Ephraim Nimni), Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. [original 1907, Die Nationalitätenfrage und die Sozialdemokratie, Vienna]. (Scholar)
• Beaud, Olivier, 2009. Théorie de la Fédération (2nd ed). Paris, PUF. (Scholar)
• Beer, Samuel H., 1993, To Make a Nation: the Rediscovery of American Federalism, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. (Scholar)
• Bellamy, Richard, 2019, A Republican Europe of States: Cosmopolitanism, Intergovernmentalism and Democracy in the EU. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• Bilo, Charlotte, and Anna Carolina Mechado, 2018, “The Role of Zakat in the Provision of Social Protection – a Comparison between Jordan, Palestine and Sudan,” International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 40, no. 3/4: 236–48. (Scholar)
• Braybrooke, David, 1983, “Can Democracy Be Combined With Federalism or With Liberalism?” , in J. R. Pennock and John W. Chapman (eds.), Nomos XXV: Liberal Democracy, New York, London: New York University Press. (Scholar)
• Buchanan, James, 1995, “Federalism as an ideal political order and an objective for constitutional reform,” Publius, 25(2): 19–27. (Scholar)
• –––, 1999/2001, Federalism, Liberty and the Law, Collected Works (Volume 18), Indianapolis: Liberty Fund. (Scholar)
• Burgess, M. 2012, In Search of the Federal Spirit: New Comparative Empirical and Theoretical Perspectives, Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Burris, A., 2015, “Federalism,” International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (Second Edition), J. D. Wright. Oxford, Elsevier: 875–877. (Scholar)
• Carens, J. H., 2000, Culture, Citizenship, and Community. A Contextual Exploration of Justice as Evenhandedness, Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Carla, A., 2018, “Peace in South Tyrol and the Limits of Consociationalism,” Nationalism and Ethnic Politics, 24(3): 251–275. (Scholar)
• Chan, Joseph, 2003. “Giving Priority to the Worst Off. A Confucian Perspective on Social Welfare,” in Confucianism for the Modern World, edited by Daniel Bell and Hahm Chaibong, 236–56. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• Cheneval, Francis, Sandra Lavenex and Frank Schimmelfennig, 2015, “Demoi-cracy in the European Union: principles, institutions, policies,” Journal of European Public Policy 22(1): 1–18. (Scholar)
• Choudhry, Sujit, 2001, “Citizenship and Federations: Some Preliminary Reflections,” in Nicolaidis and Howse (eds.) 2001, 377–402. (Scholar)
• Dahl, Robert A., 1983, “Federalism and the Democratic Process,” in J. R. Pennock and J. W. Chapman (eds.), NOMOS XXV: Liberal Democracy, New York: New York University Press, 95–108. (Scholar)
• –––, 2001, How Democratic Is the American Constitution?, New Haven: Yale University Press. (Scholar)
• Dalmazzone, Silvana, 2006, “Decentralization and the environment,” Handbook of fiscal federalism, E. Ahmad and G. Brosio (eds.), 459–477. (Scholar)
• Davis, S. Rufus, 1978, The Federal Principle. Berkeley: University of California Press. (Scholar)
• De Schutter, Helder, 2011, “Federalism as Fairness,” The Journal of Political Philosophy, 19(2): 167–189. (Scholar)
• Deuerlein, Ernst, 1972, Föderalismus: Die Historischen Und Philosophischen Grundlagen Des Föderativen Prinzips. Berlin: List Verlag. (Scholar)
• Elazar, Daniel J., 1968, “Federalism,” International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, New York: Macmillan, p. 356–361. (Scholar)
• –––, 1987, Exploring Federalism, Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press. (Scholar)
• –––, 1994, Federal Systems of the World: A Handbook of Federal, Confederal and Autonomy Arrangements: Longman. (Scholar)
• –––, 1998, Covenant and Civil Society, New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers. (Scholar)
• Fenton, William N., 1998, The Great Law and the Longhouse: A Political History of the Iroquois Confederacy. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. (Scholar)
• Filippov, Mikhail, Peter C. Ordeshook, and Olga Shvetsova, 2004, Designing Federalism: A Theory of Self-sustainable Federal Institutions, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• Føllesdal, Andreas, 1998, “Subsidiarity,” Journal of Political Philosophy, 6(2): 231–59. (Scholar)
• –––, and Simon Hix, 2006, “Why There Is a Democratic Deficit in the EU,” Journal of Common Market Studies, 44(3): 533–62. (Scholar)
• –––, 2021, “A Just yet Unequal European Union: A Defense of Moderate Economic Inequality,” Review of Social Economy. doi:10.1080/00346764.2021.1967433 (Scholar)
• Friedrich, Carl, 1968, Trends of Federalism in Theory and Practice., New York: Praeger. (Scholar)
• Gädeke, Dorothea, 2009, “Relational Normative Thought in Ubuntu and Neo-Republicanism,” in Debating African Philosophy: Perspectives on Identify, Decolonial Ethics and Comparative Philosophy, edited by George Hull, 269–87. Abigdon: Routledge. (Scholar)
• Golemboski, David, 2015, “Federalism and the Catholic Principle of Subsidiarity,” Publius, 45(4): 526–51. (Scholar)
• Goodin, Robert, 1996, “Designing constitutions: the political constitution of a mixed commonwealth,” Political Studies, 44: 635–46. (Scholar)
• Habermas, Jürgen, 1992. “Citizenship and national identity: some reflections on the future of Europe,” Praxis International 12(1): 1–19. (Scholar)
• –––, 1992, Faktizität und Geltung, Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp; translated as Between Facts and Norms, William Rehg (trans.), Oxford: Polity, 1996. (Scholar)
• –––, 2001, Postnational Constellation, Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press. (Scholar)
• Hooghe, Liesbet, and Gary Marks, 2003, “Unraveling the Central State, but How? Types of Multi-Level Governanec,” American Political Science Review 97, 2: 233–43. (Scholar)
• Keohane, Robert O., and Joseph S. Nye, 2001, Power and Interdependence: World Politics in Transition (3rd Edition), New York: Longman. (Scholar)
• Hueglin, Thomas O., and Alan Fenna, 2015, Comparative Federalism: A Systematic Inquiry (2nd Ed). Toronto: University of Toronto Press. (Scholar)
• Johnson, Benjamin, 2017, Pueblos within Pueblos: Tlaxilacalli Communities in Acolhuacan, Mexico, Ca. 1272–1692. Boulder, CO: University Press of Colorado. (Scholar)
• King, Preston, 1982, Federalism and Federation, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins, and London: Croom Helm. (Scholar)
• Klusmeyer, Douglas, 2010, “Hannah Arendt’s Case for Federalism,” Publius, 40(1): 31–58. (Scholar)
• Kymlicka, Will, 2001, “Minority Nationalism and Multination Federalism,” in Politics in the Vernacular, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 91–119. (Scholar)
• –––, 2002, Contemporary Political Philosophy: An Introduction (2nd edition), Oxford: Clarendon Press. (Scholar)
• –––, and Wayne Norman, 1994, “Return of the Citizen: A Survey of Recent Work on Citizenship Theory,” Ethics, 104(2): 352–381. (Scholar)
• Laski, Harold, 1939, “The Obsolesence of Federalism,” The New Republic, 98 (May 3): 367–69. Reprinted in Karmis and Norman 2005. (Scholar)
• Lépine, Frédéric, 2012, “A Journey through the History of Federalism: Is Multilevel Governance a Form of Federalism?” L’Europe en formation 1: 21–62. (Scholar)
• Levy, Jacob, 2004, “National Minorities Without Nationalism,” in Alain Dieckhoff (ed.), The Politics of Belonging: Nationalism, Liberalism, and Pluralism, Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. (Scholar)
• –––, 2006, “Beyond Publius: Montesquieu, Liberal Republicanism, and the Small-Republic Thesis,” History of Political Thought, 27(1): 50–90. (Scholar)
• –––, 2007a, “Federalism, Liberalism, and the Separation of Loyalties,” American Political Science Review, 101(3): 459–77. (Scholar)
• –––, 2007b, “Federalism and the Old and New Liberalisms,” Social Philosophy and Policy, 24(1): 306–26. (Scholar)
• –––, 2008, “Self-determination, non-domination, and federalism,” Hypatia, 23(3): 60–78. (Scholar)
• Lijphart, Arend, 1977, Democracy in Plural Societies: A Comparative Exploration, Yale University Press, New Haven. (Scholar)
• –––, 1999, Patterns of Democracy: Government Forms and Performance in Thirty-Six Countries, New Haven: Yale University Press. (Scholar)
• Linz, Juan J., 1999, “Democracy, multinationalism and federalism,” in A. Busch and W. Merkel (eds.), Demokratie in Ost und West, Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 382–401. (Scholar)
• Lockhart, James, 1992, The Nahuas after the Conquest : A Social and Cultural History of the Indians of Central Mexico, Sixteenth through Eighteenth Centuries: Stanford University Press. (Scholar)
• MacCormick, Neil, 1999, Questioning Sovereignty. Law. State, and Nation in the European Commonwealth. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Marks, Gary, 1993, “Structural Policy and Multi-Level Goverance in the Ec,” in The State of the European Community (Vol 2), edited by A. Cafruny and G. Rosenthal, Harlow: Longman. (Scholar)
• Mbiti, John S., 1969, African Religions and Philosophy. New Hampshire: Heinemann. (Scholar)
• McKay, David, 2001, Designing Europe—Comparative Lessons from the Federal Experience, Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Mencius. (2003) Mencius: A Bilingual Edition. Translated by D. C. Lau. Hong Kong: Chinese University Press. (Scholar)
• Musgrave, Robert A., 1959, The Theory of Public Finance: a Study in Political Economy, New York: Mcgraw-Hill. (Scholar)
• Metz, Thaddeus, 2011, “Ubuntu as a Moral Theory and Human Rights in South Africa,” African Human Rights Law Journal, 11: 532–59. (Scholar)
• Nicolaidis, Calypso, 2012, “The Idea of European Demoicracy,” in Philosophical Foundations of European Union Law, edited by J. Dickson and Pavlos Eleftheriadis, 247–74, Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Norman, Wayne J., 1994, “Towards a Philosophy of Federalism,” in Judith Baker (ed.), Group Rights, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 79–100. (Scholar)
• –––, 1995a, “The Ideology of Shared Values: A Myopic Vision of Unity in the Multi-Nation State,” in Joseph Carens (ed.), Is Quebec Nationalism Just? Perspectives From Anglophone Canada, Montreal: McGill-Queens University Press, 137–59. (Scholar)
• –––, 1995b, “The Morality of Federalism and the Evolution of the European Union,” Archiv für Rechts- und Sozialphilosophie, 59: 202–211. (Scholar)
• –––, 2006, Negotiating Nationalism: Nation-building, Federalism and Secession in the Multinational State, Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Oates, Wallace, 1972, Fiscal Federalism, New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. (Scholar)
• Olson, Mancur, 1969, “Strategic Theory and Its Applications: the Principle of ‘Fiscal Equivalence’: the Division of Responsibility Among Different Levels of Government,” American Economic Review, 59(2): 479–532. (Scholar)
• Padou-Schioppa, Tommaso, 1995, “Economic Federalism and the European Union,” in Knop et al. 1995, 154–65. (Scholar)
• Palermo, F. and K. Kössler (2017). Comparative federalism: Constitutional arrangements and case law, Hart. (Scholar)
• van Parijs, Philippe, 1997, “Should the European Union Become More Democratic?” In Democracy and the European Union, edited by Andreas Follesdal and Peter Koslowski, 287–301. Berlin: Springer. (Scholar)
• Presbey, Gail M. (2003) “Unfair Distribution of Resources in Africa: What Should Be Done About the Ethnicity Factor?” Human Studies 26: 21–40. (Scholar)
• Renner, Karl, 1917, “The Development of the National Idea,” in Bottomore and Goode 1978, 118–25. (Scholar)
• Riker, William H., with Andreas Føllesdal, 2007, “Federalism,” in Robert E. Goodin, Philip Pettit and Thomas Pogge (eds.), A Companion to Contemporary Political Philosophy, Oxford: Blackwell. (Scholar)
• Rose-Ackerman, Susan, 1980, “Risk Taking and Reelection: Does Federalism Promote Innovation?,” The Journal of Legal Studies, 9(3): 593–616 (Scholar)
• Sbragia, Alberta M., 1992, “Thinking about the European future: the uses of comparison,” in Alberta M. Sbragia (ed.), Euro-Politics: Institutions and policymaking in the ‘new’ European Community, Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, 257–90. (Scholar)
• Scharpf, Fritz W., 1988, “The Joint Decision Trap: Lessons from German Federalism and European Integration,” Public Administration 66, 3: 239–78. (Scholar)
• Schmitt, Carl, 1985, Political theology. Chicago, The University of Chicago Press. (Scholar)
• Schütze, Robert, 2009, From Dual to Cooperative Federalism: The Changing Structure of European Law. Oxford, Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• –––, 2020, “Models of Demoicracy: Some Preliminary Thoughts,” EUI Law no. 8. [Schütze 2020 available online] (Scholar)
• Selassie, Alemante, 2003, “Ethnic Federalism: Its Promise and Pitfalls for Africa,” Yale Journal of International Law 28: 51–107. (Scholar)
• Shepsle, Kenneth A., 1986, “Institutional equilibrium and Equilibrium institutions,” in Herbert Weisberg (ed.), Political Science: The science of politics, New York: Agathon Press, 51–81. (Scholar)
• Shutte, Augustine, 2001 Ubuntu: An Ethic for a New South Africa. Cape Town: Cluster Publications. (Scholar)
• Simeon, Richard, 1998, “Considerations on the Design of Federations: The South African Constitution in Comparative Perspective,” SA Publiekreg/Public Law, 13(1): 42–72. (Scholar)
• Simeon, Richard, and Daniel-Patrick Conway, 2001, “Federalism and the Management of Conflict in Multinational Societies,” in Gagnon and Tully 2001, 338–65. (Scholar)
• Stepan, Alfred, 1999, “Federalism and Democracy: Beyond the U.S. Model,” Journal of Democracy, 10: 19–34; reprinted in Karmis and Norman 2005. (Scholar)
• Tamir, Yael, 1993, Liberal Nationalism, Princeton: Princeton University Press. (Scholar)
• Taylor, Charles, 1993, Reconciling the Solitudes: Essays on Canadian Federalism and Nationalism, Montreal: McGill-Queen’s Press. (Scholar)
• Tiebout, Charles M., 1956, “A Pure Theory of Local Expenditures,” Journal of Political Economy, 64(5): 416–24. (Scholar)
• Tully, James, 1995, Strange Multiplicity: Constitutionalism in an Age of Diversity, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• Tushnet, Mark, 1996, “Federalism and Liberalism,” Cardozo Journal of International and Comparative Law, 4: 329–44. (Scholar)
• Voyenne, Bernard, 1975, Histoire De L’idée Fédéraliste. Paris: Presses d’Europe. (Scholar)
• Wamala, Edward. “Government by Consensus: An Analysis of a Traditional Form of Democracy,” in A Companion to African Philosophy, edited by Kwasi Wiredu, 435–42, Oxford: Blackwell. (Scholar)
• Watts, Ronald L., 1998, “Federalism, Federal Political Systems, and Federations,” Annual Review of Political Science, 1: 117–37. (Scholar)
• –––, 1999, Comparing Federal Systems, Montreal: McGill-Queens University Press. (Scholar)
• Weinstock, Daniel, 2011, “Self-Determination for (some) cities?” in Axel Gosseries and Yannick Vanderborght (eds.), Arguing About Justice: Essays for Philippe Van Parijs, Louvain: Presses universitaires de Louvain, 377–86. (Scholar)
• Wheare, Kenneth C., 1964, Federal Government (4th edition), Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Young, Iris Marion, 2000, “Hybrid Democracy: Iroquois Federalism and the Postcolonial Project,” in Political Theory and the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, edited by Duncan Ivison, Paul Patton and Will Sanders, 236–58, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)