Works by Sanches

There are various editions of Sanches’s philosophical oevre—in the original Latin with translations into either Portuguese (Carvalho (ed.) 1955; Moreira de Sá (ed.) 1955) or into Italian (Buccolini & Lojacono 2011). To date the only one of his philosophical works that has been published in either English or Spanish translations are Que nada se sabe (Menéndez y Pelayo 1944; Palacios 1991) and Limbrick and Thomson’s That Nothing is Known (1988). In 1940, Joaquin Iriarte discovered a letter from Sanches to Vatican mathematician, Christopher Clavius (1538–1612) in the archives of the Gregorian Pontifical University of Rome. The letter, which was originally published by Iriarte in the journal Gregorianum (1940: 413–451), is also included in Carvalho’s Opera philosophica (in Latin/Portuguese, 1955); in the journal, Cuadernos Salmantinos de Filosofía (1978): with a translation into Spanish, a prologue and notes by Carlos Mellizo and David R. Cunningham (1978: 387–406); and in Buccolini’s and Lojacono’s Latin/Italian Tutte le opere filosofiche (2011); but not in Morerira de Sá’s, Vasconcelos and Meneses Tratados filosóficos (1955). Moreira de Sá, as the editor of the volume, adhered to the initial choice made by Sanches’s offspring of relegating the Clavius letter to his mathematical writings, and the Carmen de cometa to the medical works (both published separately in 1948).

Editions

• Sanchez, Franciscus, 1578. Carmen de cometa anni M.D.LXXVII, Lugduni: apud Antonium Gryphium. (Scholar)
• –––, 1581, Quod nihil scitur, Lugduni: apud Antonium Gryphium. Sanchez 1581 available online. (Scholar)
• Sanches, Francisco, 1955, Opera philosophica, Joaquim de Carvalho (ed.), Coimbra: Revista de Universidade de Coimbra. (Scholar)

Bilingual Editions

• [LC] Sanches, Francisco, Uma carta de Francisco Sanches a Cristóvão Clávio. Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia, July–September 1945, 294–305. Latin/Portuguese.
• –––, Tratados filosóficos, Artur Moreira de Sá (Preface and notes), Basilio de Vasconcelos and Miguel Pinto de Meneses (trans.), Lisbon: Instituto de Alta Cultura, 1955, Prefàcio, iii–x. (Scholar)
• –––, Il n’est science de rien = (Quod nihil scitur), éd. critique latin-français, Andrée Comparot (trans.), André Mandouze (preface), Paris: Klincksieck, 1984. (Scholar)
• [TNK] –––, That Nothing is Known (Quod Nihil Sciture), Elaine Limbrick (Introduction, notes, and bibliography), Douglas F.S. Thomson (trans., and annotations), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.
• [CC] Sánchez, Francisco, La canción del cometa del 1577/Carmen de cometa anni M.D. LXXVII, Juan de Churruca and Joaquín Iriarte (eds.), Bilbao, Spain. Universidad de Deusto, 1996. (Scholar)
• Sanchez, Francisco, Francisco Sanchez: Tutte le opera filosofiche, testo latino afronte, Ettore Lojacono and Claudia Montuschi (eds.), Ettore Lojacono (Prologue), Claudio Buccolini (Intro.), Milan: Bompiani, 2011, Prologue, vii–l, Intro., liii–c. (Scholar)

Translations

• Sanches, Francisco, Idearium Antologia do pensamento portugués: Francisco Sanches, Artur Moreira de Sá (ed., pref., selection), Lisbon: Edições SIN, 1948.
• Sánchez, Francisco, Que nada se sabe por el Doctor Francisco Sánchez, Médico y filósofo. Marcelino Menéndez y Pelayo (prologue), Jaime Torrubiano (trans.), Madrid: Gil-Blas Renacimiento/Buenos Aires: Editorial Nova, 1944.
• –––, Que nada se sabe, Fernando A. Palacios (Intro., trans.), Madrid: Espasa Calpe, 1991.
• –––, Que nada se sabe, Carlos Mellizo (trans., prologue), Buenos Aires: Aguilar Argentina S.A. Ediciones, 1977, Intro., 9–31. (Scholar)
• –––, “Francisco Sánchez: Carta a Cristóbal Clavio”, Carlos Mellizo and David R. Cunningham (trans., Prologue), Cuadernos salmantinos de filosofía, 1978, 5: 387–406. [Sánchez 1978 available online] (Scholar)
• –––, Sobre la duración y brevedad de la vida, Carlos Mellizo (trans., prologue, notes), Tuy: Imprenta Guardesa—La Guardia, 1982.

Other Primary Sources

• Aristotle, Posterior Analytics, translated by G.R.G. Mure in The Basic Works of Aristotle, Richard McKeon (ed.), New York, Random House, 1941, 108–186.
• –––, Meteorologica, H. D. P. Lee (trans.), T.E. Page (ed.), (Aristotle VII, Loeb Classical Library 397), Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1952.
• Bacon, Francis, 1620 [1902], Novum Organum, Joseph Devey (ed.), New York: P.F. Collier & Son. (Scholar)
• Bayle, Pierre, 1697 [1820], Dictionnaire historique et critique de Pierre Bayle, Tome Treizième, Paris: Desoer, Librarie. (Scholar)
• Cicero, De natura deorum, Academica, H. Rackham (trans.), (Cicero XIX, Loeb Classical Library 268), Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press, 1933. [Cicero available online]
• Descartes, René, 1637, Discours de la Méthode pour hien conduire sa raison, et chercher la vérité dans les sciences. Plus la Dioptrique, les Météores et la Géométrie qui sont des essais de cette Méthode, (Discourse on the Method), Leiden. Translated as “Discourses and Essays”, in Descartes [PWD]: 109–176. (Scholar)
• –––, 1644, Principia Philosophiae. Translated as “Principles of Philosophy” in Descartes 1985: 177–292. (Scholar)
• –––, [PWD], The Philosophical Writings of Descartes, Vol. I, John Cottingham, Robert Stoothoff, and Dugald Murdoch (trans.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• –––, [DM], Discourse on Method, Richard Kennington (trans.), Pamela Kraus and Frank Hunt (eds.), Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Publishing, 2007.
• [GAL1] Galen, Three Treatises on the Nature of Science: On Sects for Beginners, An Outline of Empiricism, On Medical Experience, Richard Walzer and Michael Frede (eds.), Michael Frede (Intro.), Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, 1985.
• [GAL2] –––, Galen: Selected Works, P. N. Singer (trans.), Oxford: Oxford University Press, 199.
• Hegel, G. W. F., 1801 [1985], “Relationship of Skepticism to Philosophy: Exposition of its Different Modifications and Comparison to the Latest Form with the Ancient One”, H.S. Harris (trans. notes), in Between Kant and Hegel: Texts in the Development of Post-Kantian Idealism, George di Giovanni and H.S. Harris (eds., trans.) Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 311–362. (Scholar)
• Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, [1702] 1970, “Letter to Varignon, with a Note on the ‘Justification of the Infinitesimal Calculus by That of Ordinary Algebra’”, translated in Philosophical Papers and Letters, Leroy E. Loemker (ed./trans.), Dordrecht: Kluwer, 542–546. doi:10.1007/978-94-010-1426-7_57 (Scholar)
• Mersenne, Marin, 1967, Correspondance du P. Marin Mersenne, religieux minime. X, Du 6 août 1640 à fin décembre 1641, Cornelis de Waard (ed.), Paris: Éd. du CNRS. (Scholar)
• Sextus Empiricus, 1949, Against Professors, R. G. Bury (trans.), (Sextus Empircus IV, Loeb Classical Library 383), Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. (Scholar)
• [SE-OS] –––, 2000, Outlines of Scepticism, second edition, Julia Annas and Jonathan Barnes (eds.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)

Secondary Sources

• Ariew, Roger, John Cottingham, and Tom Sorell (eds.), 1998, Descartes’ Meditations: Background Source Materials, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/cbo9781139172844 (Scholar)
• Azevedo, António, 2006, Da epistemología e metodología de Francisco Sanches: seguido de “Que nada se sabe”, Lisbon: Instituto Piaget. (Scholar)
• Bett, Richard (ed.), 2010, The Cambridge Companion to Ancient Scepticism, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/ccol9780521874762 (Scholar)
• Braga, Teophilo, 1881, “O portuguez Sanches, precursor do positivismo”, in T. Braga: Questões de litteratura e arte portuguesa, Lisbon: Imprenta de J.G. de Sousa Neves, 274–281. (Scholar)
• Bullón y Fernández, Eloy, 1905, Los precursores españoles de Bacon y Descartes, Salamanca: Imprenta de Calatrava. (Scholar)
• Burnyeat, M.F., 1987, “The Sceptic in his Place and Time”, in Popkin and Schmitt 1987: 13–44. (Scholar)
• Caluori, Damian, 2007, “The Scepticism of Francisco Sanchez”, Archiv Für Geschichte Der Philosophie, 89(1): 30–46. doi:10.1515/agph.2007.002 (Scholar)
• Carvalho, Joaquim de, 1955, “Introduction”, to Opera philosophica by Francisco Sanches, Coimbra: Revista de Universidade de Coimbra, v–liv. (Scholar)
• Casini, Lorenzo, 2009, “Self-Knowledge, Scepticism and the Quest for A New Method: Juan Luis Vives on Cognition and the Impossibility of Perfect Knowledge”, in Paganini and Neto 2009: 33–60. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-8518-5_3">10.1007/978-1-4020-8518-5_3 (Scholar)
• Cazac, H.-P., 1903, “Le lieu d’origine et les dates de naissance et de mort du philosophe Francisco Sánchez”, Bulletin Hispanique, 5(4): 326–348. doi:10.3406/hispa.1903.1373 (Scholar)
• –––, 1904, “El lugar de origen y las fechas de nacimiento y de defunción del filósofo Francisco Sánchez”, Revista de Archivos, Bibliotecas y Museos (Historia y Ciencias auxiliares), VII: 159–176. (Scholar)
• Copleston, Frederick C., 1953, History of Philosophy, Volume III: Ockham to Suarez, Westminster: The Newman Press. (Scholar)
• Cottingham, John, 1998, “Francisco Sanches, That Nothing is Known”, in Ariew, Cottingham, and Sorell 1998: 8–23. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139172844.004 (Scholar)
• De Olaso, Ezequiel, 1987, “Leibniz and scepticism”, in Popkin and Schmitt 1987: 122–167. (Scholar)
• Dear, Peter, 1995, “Mersenne’s Suggestion: Cartesian Meditation and the Mathematical Model of Knowledge in the Seventeenth Century”, in Descartes and His Contemporaries, Roger Ariew and Marjorie Green (eds.), Chicago/London: The University of Chicago. 44–61. (Scholar)
• Dumont, Jean-Paul, 1972, Le scepticisme et le phénomène: essai sur la signification et les origenes du pryrrhonisme, Paris: Librairie Philosophique J. Vrin. (Scholar)
• Ferrater Mora, José, 1964, Diccionario de filosofía, Vol. II, L-A. Quinta Edición, Buenos Aires: Editorial Sudamericana. (Scholar)
• Fogelin, Robert J., 1981, “Wittgenstein and Classical Scepticism”:, International Philosophical Quarterly, 21(1): 3–15. doi:10.5840/ipq19812118 (Scholar)
• Gilson, Étienne (ed.), 1925, Discours de la méthode: Texte et commentaire (Text and Commentary on René Descartes), Paris: Librairie Philosophique J. Vrin. (Scholar)
• Gouhier, Henri, 1979, Les premières pensées de Descartes: contribution à l’histoire de l’Anti- Renaissance, Paris: Librairie Philosophique J. Vrin. (Scholar)
• Iriarte, J., 1940, “Francisco Sánchez, el escéptico disfrazado de Carneades en discusión epistolar con Cristóbal Clavio”, Gregorianum, 21(2/4): 413–451. (Scholar)
• Kraus, Pamela, 2007. “Introduction”, in [DM]: 1–14. (Scholar)
• Limbrick, Elaine, 1988, “Introduction”, to That Nothing is Known, by Francisco Sanches (Franciscus Sanchez), Elaine Limbrick (notes and bibliography), Douglas F.S. Thomson (trans., and annotations), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1–88. (Scholar)
• Lupoli, Agostino, 2009, “Humanus Animus Nusquam Consistit: Doctor Sanchez’s Diagnosis of the Incurable Human Unrest and Ignorance”, in Paganini and Neto 2009: 149–181. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-8518-5_8 (Scholar)
• Maclelan, Ian, 2002, Logic, Signs and Nature in the Renaissance: The Case of Learned Medicine, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• Mellizo, Carlos, 1975, “La preocupación pedagógica de Francisco Sanchez”, Cuadernos salmantinos de filosofía, 2: 217–229. (Scholar)
• –––, 1982, Nueva Introducción a Francisco Sánchez “El escéptico”, Madrid: Ediciones Monte Casino. (Scholar)
• Menéndez y Pelayo, Marcelino, 1918, “De los orígenes del criticismo y del escepticismo y especialmente de los precursores españoles de Kant” (On the origins of critique and scepticism and especially in the Spanish precursors of Kant), in Ensayos de crítica filosófica, Madrid: Librería General de Victoriano Suárez, 178–206. (Scholar)
• Moreau, Joseph, 1960, “Doute et Savoir chez Francisco Sanches”, in Aufsätze zur Portugiesischen, Kulturgeschicte Hans Flasche (ed.) (Kulturgeische Portugiesische Forschungen des Görresgesellschaft, Series 1, Volume I), Müntser: Aschendorff Verlag, 24–50. (Scholar)
• Mullin, Amy, 2000, “Descartes and the Community of Inquirers”, History of Philosophy Quarterly, 17(1): 1–27. (Scholar)
• Ong, Walter J., 1958 [1983], Ramus: Method, and the Decay of Dialogue: From the Art of Discourse to the Art of Reason, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. (Scholar)
• Orden Jiménez, Rafael V., 2003, “La teoría de la causalidad natural de Francisco Sánchez el Escéptico”, Anales del Seminario de Historia de la Filosofía, 20: 247–267. (Scholar)
• Owen, John, 1893, The Skeptics of the French Renaissance, London: Swan Sonnenschein. [Owen 1893 available online] (Scholar)
• Paganini, Gianni, 2009, “Descartes and Renaissance Skepticism: The Sanches Case”, in Skepticism in the Modern Age: Building on the Work of Richard Popkin, José R. Maia Nieto, Gianni Paganini, and John Christian Laursen (eds.), Leiden: Brill, 249–267. doi:10.1163/ej.9789004177840.i-390.57 (Scholar)
• Paganini, Gianni and José R. Maia Neto (eds.), 2009, Renaissance Scepticisms, (International Archives of the History of Ideas 199), Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-8518-5 (Scholar)
• Palacios, Fernando A., 1991, “Introducción”, in Que nada se sabe, by Francisco Sánchez, Fernando A. Palacios (trans.), Madrid: Espasa Calpe, 9–38. (Scholar)
• Popkin, Richard H., 1963, “Preface”, in The Problem of Certainty in English Thought, 1630–1690, Henry. G. Van Leeuwen, The Hague: Martinus Nijhof, v–x. (Scholar)
• –––, 1964, The History of Scepticism from Erasmus to Descartes, New York: The Humanities Press. (Scholar)
• Popkin, Richard H. and Charles B. Schmitt (eds.), 1987, Scepticism from the Renaissance to the Enlightenment, (Wolfenbütteler Forschungen 35), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. (Scholar)
• Reulos, Michel, 1976, “L’enseigment d’Aristote dans les collèges au XVIème siècle”, in Platon et Aristote à la Renaissance, J. C. Margolin (ed.), Paris. Librairie Philosophique J. Vrin, 147–154.
• Sasaki, Chikara, 2003, Descartes’s Medical Thought, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. doi:10.1007/978-94-017-1225-5 (Scholar)
• Sarasohn, Lisa T, 1996, Gassendi’s Ethics: Freedom in a Mechanistic Universe, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. (Scholar)
• Singer, P. N., 1997, “Introduction”, in GAL2: vii-xlii. (Scholar)
• Striker, Gisela, 1996, “On the difference between the Pyrrhonists and the Academics”, in Essays on Hellenistic Epistemology and Ethics, New York: Cambridge University Press, 135–149. (Scholar)
• Woodward, William Harrison, 1906, Studies in Education during the Age of the Renaissance, 1400–1600, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [Woodward 1906 available online] (Scholar)
• Yrjönsuuri, Mikko, 2000, “Self-Knowledge and the Renaissance Sceptics”, in Ancient Scepticism and the Sceptical Tradition, Juha Sohvola (ed.), (Acta Philosophica Fennica, 66), Helsinki: Societas Philosophica Fennica, 225–253. (Scholar)