Primary Literature

Works by Helmholtz:

• 1853 [1847], “On the Conservation of Force,” translation by John Tyndall, Scientific Memoirs, London. (Scholar)
• 1854, “On the Interaction of the Natural Forces,” in Science and Culture: Popular and Philosophical Essays, ed. David Cahan, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1995, 18–45. (Lecture delivered February 7, 1854, at Königsberg.) (Scholar)
• 1862, “On the Relation of Natural Science to Science in General,” in Science and Culture: Popular and Philosophical Essays, ed. David Cahan, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1995, 76–95. (Scholar)
• 1892, “Goethe’s Presentiments of Coming Scientific Ideas,” in Science and Culture: Popular and Philosophical Essays, ed. David Cahan, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1995, 393–412. (Scholar)
• 1863, On the Sensations of Tone as a Physiological Basis for the Theory of Music, trans. by Alexander J. Ellis from the fourth (1877) edition, New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1954. First German edition published Braunschweig: Verlag von F. Vieweg & Sohn. (Scholar)
• 1867, Handbuch der physiologischen Optik, Leipzig: Leopold Voss. Published in parts from 1856 to 1866, then published in toto in 1867 as Volume Nine of the Allgemeinen Encyclopädie der Physik, ed. Gustav Karsten. Second revised edition of 1896, Leipzig: Leopold Voss, available entire from Google Books. (Scholar)
• 1883 [1868], “Über die Thatsachen, welche der Geometrie zu Grunde liegen,” in Wissenschaftliche Abhandlungen, Volume II, Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth, 618–639. Originally published in the Nachrichten von der Königl. Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, No. 9 (3 June). (Scholar)
• 1868, “The Recent Progress of the Theory of Vision,” in Science and Culture: Popular and Philosophical Essays, ed. David Cahan, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1995, 127–203. Originally published in the Preussische Jahrbücher, Volume 21. (Scholar)
• 1869, “Über das Ziel und die Fortschritte der Naturwissenschaft,” in Das Denken in der Naturwissenschaft, Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1968. (Scholar)
• 1878, “The Facts of Perception,” in Selected writings of Hermann von Helmholtz, edited, with an introduction, by Russell Kahl. Middletown, Connecticut: Wesleyan University Press, 1971. (Scholar)
• 1882, Wissenschaftliche Abhandlungen, Three volumes: second volume 1883, third volume 1895, Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth. (Scholar)
• 1894, Introduction to Hertz 1894.
• 1903, Vorträge und Reden, Two volumes, fifth edition, Braunschweig: F. Vieweg u. Sohn.
• 1921, Schriften zur Erkenntnistheorie, Moritz Schlick and Paul Hertz (eds.), Berlin: Julius Springer.
• 1921, Hermann von Helmholtz. Epistemological Writings. The Paul Hertz/Moritz Schlick Centenary Edition of 1921, newly translated by Malcom Lowe. Robert S. Cohen and Yehuda Elkana (eds.), Dordrecht: D. Reidel Publishing Company, 1977. (Scholar)
• 2017, Hermann von Helmholtz. Philosophische und Populärwissenschaftliche Schriften, Michael Heidelberger, Helmut Pulte, and Gregor Schiemann (eds.), Hamburg: Meiner Verlag.

Secondary Literature

• Allais, Lucy, 2015, Manifest Reality: Kant’s Idealism and his Realism, Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Assis, André Koch Torres, 1994, Weber’s Electrodynamics (Series: Fundamental Theories of Physics), Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. (Scholar)
• Baird, D., R.I.G. Hughes, and A. Nordmann (eds.), 1998, Heinrich Hertz: Classical Physicist, Modern Philosopher, Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science Vol. 198, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. (Scholar)
• Beiser, Frederick, 2012, The German Historicist Tradition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Bevilacqua, Fabio, 1993, “Helmholtz’s Ueber die Erhaltung der Kraft: The Emergence of a Theoretical Physicist,” in Cahan 1993. (Scholar)
• Biagioli, Francesca, 2018, “Articulating Space in Terms of Transformation Groups: Helmholtz and Cassirer,” Journal for the History of Analytical Philosophy, 6(3): 115–131. (Scholar)
• ––– 2016, Space, Number, and Geometry from Helmholtz to Cassirer, Cham: Springer. (Scholar)
• –––, 2014, “What Does It Mean That ‘Space Can Be Transcendental Without the Axioms Being So’?” Journal for General Philosophy of Science, 45(1): 1–21. (Scholar)
• Boring, Edwin Garrigues, 1942, Sensation and perception in the history of experimental psychology, New York: Appleton-Century Company. (Scholar)
• Buchwald, Jed, 1994, The Creation of Scientific Effects: Heinrich Hertz and Electric Waves, Chicago: University of Chicago Press. (Scholar)
• Cahan, David, 1989, An Institute for an Empire: The Physikalisch-Technische Reichsanstalt, 1871–1918, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Paperback version 2002. (Scholar)
• ––– (ed.), 1993, Hermann von Helmholtz and the Foundations of Nineteenth-Century Science, Berkeley: University of California Press. (Scholar)
• –––, 2000, “The Young Einstein’s Physics Education,” in Einstein: The Formative Years, 1879–1909, Don Howard and John Stachel (eds.), Berlin: Springer, 43–82. (Scholar)
• –––, 2012, “Helmholtz and the British Scientific Elite,” Notes and Records of the Royal Society, 66: 55–68. (Scholar)
• Campisi, Michele, 2005, “On the mechanical foundations of thermodynamics: The generalized Helmholtz theorem,” Studies In History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies In History and Philosophy of Modern Physics, 36(2): 276–290. (Scholar)
• Cantù, Paola, 2018, “The Epistemological Question of the Applicability of Mathematics,” Journal for the History of Analytical Philosophy, 6 (3): 95–114. (Scholar)
• Chirimuuta, Mazviita, 2015, Outside Color: Perceptual Science and the Puzzle of Color in Philosophy, Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. (Scholar)
• Cassirer, Ernst, 2005 [1918], “Hermann Cohen and the Renewal of Kantian Philosophy,” translated Lydia Patton, Angelaki (Routledge) 10(1): 95–108. Article originally appeared in Kantstudien (1918) 17: 252–273. (Scholar)
• Clark, Andrew, 2015, “Radical Predictive Processing,” Southern Journal of Philosophy, 53: 3–27. (Scholar)
• Darrigol, Olivier, 2003, “Number and Measure: Hermann Von Helmholtz at the Crossroads of Mathematics, Physics, and Psychology,” Studies in History and Philosophy of Science (Part A), 34(3): 515–573. (Scholar)
• Dayan, P., Hinton, G.E., Neal, R.M., and Zemel, R.S., 1995, “The Helmholtz Machine,” Neural Computation, 7: 889–904. (Scholar)
• De Kock, Liesbet, 2018, “Historicizing Hermann von Helmholtz’s Psychology of Differentiation.” Journal for the History of Analytical Philosophy, 6(3): 42–62. (Scholar)
• –––, 2014a, “Hermann von Helmholtz’s empirico-transcendentalism reconsidered: construction and constitution in Helmholtz’s psychology of the object,” Science in Context, 27(4): 709–744. (Scholar)
• –––, 2014b, “Voluntarism in early psychology: the case of Hermann von Helmholtz,” History of Psychology, 17(2): 105–128. (Scholar)
• –––, 2013, “Helmholtz and the problem of externality in perception,” in G. Van de Vijver & B. Demarest (eds.), Objectivity after Kant, Hildesheim: Georg Olms, pp. 25–40. (Scholar)
• De Schweinitz, George and Randall, Burton, 1899, An American Text-Book of Diseases of the Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat, Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders. (Scholar)
• Deutsch, Diana, 1984, “Psychology and Music,” pp. 155–194 in M. H. Bornstein (ed.) Psychology and its Allied Disciplines, Hillsdale: Erlbaum. (Scholar)
• Dilthey, Wilhelm, 1883 [1989], Introduction to the Human Sciences, Volume 1 (Michael Neville, trans.), Rudolf Makkreel and Frithjof Rodi (eds.), Princeton: Princeton University Press. (Scholar)
• DiSalle, Robert, 1993, “Helmholtz’s Empiricist Philosophy of Mathematics,” in Cahan 1993, 498–521. (Scholar)
• Eckert, Michael, 2006, The Dawn of Fluid Mechanics: A Discipline Between Science and Technology, New York: John Wiley. (Scholar)
• Edgar, Scott, 2018, “Volume Introduction,” Journal for the History of Analytical Philosophy, 6 (3): 1–10. (Scholar)
• Emanuel, George, 2000, Analytical Fluid Dynamics, 2nd ed., Boca Raton: CRC Press. (Scholar)
• Farge, Marie, 2004, “Hermann von Helmholtz,” in Multimedia Fluid Mechanics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• Friedman, Michael, 2000, “Geometry, Construction and Intuition in Kant and his Successors,” in Beyond Logic and Intuition: Essays in Honor of Charles Parsons, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 186–218. (Scholar)
• –––, 2001, Dynamics of Reason: The 1999 Kant Lectures at Stanford University, Chicago: CSLI Publications, University of Chicago Press. (Scholar)
• Giovanelli, Marco, 2017, “Traditions in Collision: The Emergence of Logical Empiricism between the Riemannian and Helmholtzian Traditions,” HOPOS, 7(2): 328–380. (Scholar)
• Grasshoff, Gerd, 1998, “Hertz’s Philosophy of Nature in Wittgenstein’s Tractatus,” in Baird et al., 243–268. (Scholar)
• Fuhs, Allen E. and Shetz, Joseph A., eds., 1999, Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics, New York: John Wiley. (Scholar)
• Galaty, David, 1971, The Emergence of Biological Reductionism, Ph.D. dissertation, The Johns Hopkins University. (Scholar)
• Hacker, Peter, 1986, Insight and Illusion: Themes in the Philosophy of Wittgenstein, Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Hatfield, Gary, 2018, “Helmholtz and Philosophy: Science, Perception, and Metaphysics, with Variations on Some Fichtean Themes,” Journal for the History of Analytical Philosophy, 6(3): 11–41. (Scholar)
• Hatfield, Gary, 1991, The Natural and the Normative: Theories of Spatial Perception from Kant to Helmholtz, Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press. (Scholar)
• Heidelberger, Michael, 2007, “From Neo-Kantianism to Critical Realism: Space and the Mind-Body Problem in Riehl and Schlick,” Perspectives on Science, Volume 15, Number 1: 26–48. (Scholar)
• –––, 1998, “From Helmholtz’s Philosophy of Science to Hertz’s Picture-Theory,” in Baird et al., 9–24. (Scholar)
• –––, 1995, “Helmholtz als Philosoph,” Deutsche Zeitschrift für Philosophie, 43: 835–44. (Scholar)
• Heller, Eric, 2012, Why You Hear What You Hear, Princeton: Princeton University Press. (Scholar)
• Hendricks, V.F.; Jörgensen, K.F.; Lützen, J.; Pedersen, S.A., eds., 2006, Interactions: Mathematics, Physics and Philosophy, 1860–1930, Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science, Vol. 251, Berlin: Springer Verlag. (Scholar)
• Hershenson, Maurice, 1999, Visual Space Perception: A Primer, Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. (Scholar)
• Hertz, Heinrich, 1894, The Principles of Mechanics, Robert S. Cohen (ed.), D.E. Jones and J.T. Walley (trans.), with an introduction by Hermann von Helmholtz, New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1956. (Scholar)
• Hoffmann, Dieter, 1998, “Heinrich Hertz and the Berlin School of Physics,” in Baird et al., 1–8. (Scholar)
• Hui, Alexandra, 2011, “Instruments of Music, Instruments of Science: Hermann von Helmholtz’s Musical Practices, His Classicism, and His Beethoven Sonata,” Annals of Science, 68(2): 149–177. (Scholar)
• –––, 2012, The Psychophysical Ear: Musical Experiments, Experimental Sounds, 1840–1910, Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. (Scholar)
• Hyder, David, 1999, “Helmholtz’s Naturalized Conception of Geometry and His Spatial Theory of Signs,” Philosophy of Science, 66(3): 286. (Scholar)
• –––, 2002, The Mechanics of Meaning: Propositional Content and the Logical Space of Wittgenstein’s Tractatus, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. (Scholar)
• –––, 2009, The Determinate World: Kant and Helmholtz on the Physical Meaning of Geometry, Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter. (Scholar)
• –––, 2013, “Time, Norms and Structure in Nineteenth Century Philosophy of Science,” pp. 250–79 in The Oxford Handbook of the History of Analytic Philosophy, Michael Beaney (ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• –––, 2006, “Kant, Helmholtz and the Determinacy of Physical Theory,” in Hendricks et al., 1–44. (Scholar)
• Koenigsberger, Leo, 1906, Hermann von Helmholtz, translated by Frances A. Welby with a preface by Lord Kelvin, New York: Dover Publications. (Scholar)
• Kuhn, Thomas, 1969, “Energy Conservation as an Example of Simultaneous Discovery,” in Marshall Clagett (ed.), Critical Problems in the History of Science, Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press, 321–356. (Scholar)
• Land, J.P.N., 1877, “Kant’s Space and Modern Mathematics,” Mind, 2(5): 38–46. (Scholar)
• Leary, David E., 1982, “Immanuel Kant and the Development of Modern Psychology,” in The Problematic Science: Psychology in Nineteenth Century Thought, William Woodward and Mitchell Ash (eds.), New York: Praeger. (Scholar)
• Lenoir, Timothy, 2006, “Operationalizing Kant: Manifolds, Models, and Mathematics in Helmholtz’s Theories of Perception,” in The Kantian Legacy in Nineteenth-Century Science, Michael Friedman and Alfred Nordmann (eds.), Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. (Scholar)
• Leroux, Jean, 2001, “‘Picture theories’ as forerunners of the semantic approach to scientific theories,”International Studies in the Philosophy of Science, 15(2): 189–197. (Scholar)
• Luft, Sebastian (ed.), forthcoming, The Neo-Kantian Reader, New York and London: Routledge. (Scholar)
• Mach, Ernst, 1911, History and Root of the Principle of the Conservation of Energy, translated by Philip Jourdain, Chicago: Open Court Publishing Company. (Scholar)
• Meulders, Michel, 2010, Helmholtz: From Enlightenment to Neuroscience, Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. (Scholar)
• Mittelstaedt, Paul and Weingartner, Paul, 2005, Laws of Nature, Berlin: Springer Verlag. (Scholar)
• Müller, Johannes, 1837–1840, Handbuch der Physiologie des Menschen für Vorlesungen, 2 volumes, Coblenz: J. Hülscher. (Scholar)
• Neuber, Matthias, 2018a, “Helmholtz, Kaila, and the Representational Theory of Measurement,” HOPOS, 8(2). (Scholar)
• –––, 2018b, “Perception and Coincidence in Helmholtz’s Theory of Measurement,” Journal for the History of Analytical Philosophy, 6(3): 79–94. (Scholar)
• Otis, Laura, 2007, Müller’s Lab, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Pastore, Nicholas, 1978, “Helmholtz on the Projection or Transfer of Sensation,” in Studies in Perception, Peter Machamer and Robert Turnbull (eds.), Columbus: Ohio State University Press. (Scholar)
• Patton, Lydia, forthcoming, “Perspectivalism in the Development of Scientific Observer-Relativity,” in The Emergence of Relativism, M. Kusch, K. Kinzel, J. Steizinger, and N. Wildschut (eds.), London: Routledge. (Scholar)
• –––, 2018, “Helmholtz’s Physiological Psychology,” in Philosophy of Mind in the Nineteenth Century, S. Lapointe (ed.), London: Routledge. (Scholar)
• –––, 2015, “Methodology of the Sciences,” in Michael Forster & Kristin Gjesdal (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Nineteenth Century German Philosophy, Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• –––, 2012, “Experiment and Theory Building,” Synthese, 184(3): 235–246. (Scholar)
• –––, 2009, “Signs, Toy Models, and the A Priori: from Helmholtz to Wittgenstein,” Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science, 40(3): 281–289. (Scholar)
• Purrington, Robert D., 1997, History of Physics in the Nineteenth Century, New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. (Scholar)
• Reichenbach, Hans, 1920, Relativitätstheorie und Erkenntnis Apriori, Berlin: Springer. (Scholar)
• Riehl, Alois, 1876, Der philosophische Kriticismus und seine Bedeutung für die positive Wissenschaft. Vol 1: Geschichte und Methode des philosophischen Kriticismus, Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann. (Scholar)
• Riemann, Bernhard, 1892 [1854], “Ueber die Hypothesen, welche der Geometrie zu Grunde liegen”, in Bernhard Riemanns Gesammelte Mathematische Werke, Richard Dedekind and Heinrich Weber (eds.), second revised edition, Leipzig: Druck und Verlag von B. G. Teubner. (Scholar)
• Schett, A., 1999, “The discovery of the ophthalmoscope by Hermann von Helmholtz,” Strabismus, 7 (4): 241–244. (Scholar)
• Schiemann, Gregor, 2009, Hermann von Helmholtz’s Mechanism: The Loss of Certainty. A Study on the Transition from Classical to Modern Philosophy of Nature, trans. Cynthia Klohr. Dordrecht: Springer. (Scholar)
• Schiemann, Gregor, 1998, “The Loss of World in the Image: Origin and Development of the Concept of Image in the Thought of Hermann von Helmholtz and Heinrich Hertz,” in Baird et al., 25–38. (Scholar)
• Sommerfeld, Arnold, 1952, Lectures on Theoretical Physics, Vol. 3, Edward G. Ramberg (trans.), New York: Academic Press. (Scholar)
• Swanson, Link R, 2016, “The Predictive Processing Paradigm has Roots in Kant,” Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, 10: 79. (Scholar)
• Sulloway, Frank, 1992, Freud: Biologist of the Mind, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. (Scholar)
• Tracz, Brian, 2018, “Helmholtz on Perceptual Properties,” Journal for the History of Analytical Philosophy 6(3): 63–78. (Scholar)
• Turner, R. Steven, 1993, “Consensus and Controversy: Helmholtz on the Visual Perception of Space,” in Cahan 1993. (Scholar)
• Von Harnack, Adolf, 1900, Geschichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Volume 2, Berlin. (Scholar)
• Windelband, Wilhelm, 1980/1894, “History and Natural Science,” trans. of the Strasbourg Rectorial Address “Geschichte und Naturwissenschaften” by Guy Oakes, History and Theory, 19(2): 169–185. (Scholar)