Primary Sources

Kant’s original German and Latin writings are collected in Kants Gesammelte Schriften, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1900–. Most translations provide the pagination to this edition in the margins, often using volume and page number. All citations in this article use this method.

English translations of Kant’s primary works are numerous. The Cambridge Edition of the Works of Immanuel Kant in English includes critical translations of all of Kant’s published works and large selections of his correspondence, lectures, and literary remains. The following volumes of that series contain relevant material, some of which is also issued separately:

• Practical Philosophy, translated by Mary Gregor, 1996. Relevant contents: “An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?,” Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, “On the Common Saying: That May Be Correct in Theory, But it is of No Use in Practice,” “Toward Perpetual Peace”, and the Metaphysics of Morals. (Scholar)
• Lectures and Drafts on Political Philosophy, translated by Frederick Rauscher and Kenneth Westphal (2016). Relevant contents: “Naturrecht Feyerabend” course lecture, fragments on political philosophy, and drafts of works in political philosophy. (Scholar)
• Religion and Rational Theology, translated by Allen Wood and George di Giovanni, 1996. Relevant Content: Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason, “Conflict of the Faculties”
• Anthropology, History, and Education, translated by Robert Louden and Guenther Zoeller (2007). Relevant contents: “Idea for a Universal History with a Cosmopolitan Aim,” Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View, and the book “Lectures on Pedagogy”

Secondary Sources

The secondary sources listed below are limited to books of two types: monographs available in English and anthologies with more than half of the articles in English.

• Ameriks, Karl and Otfried Höffe (eds.), 2009. Trans. Nicholas Walker, Kant’s Moral and Legal Philosophy, New York: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• Arendt, Hannah, 1982. Lectures on Kant’s Political Philosophy, Chicago: Chicago University Press. (Scholar)
• Baiasu, Sorin, Sami Pihlström, and Howard Williams (eds.), 2011. Politics and Metaphysics in Kant, Cardiff: University of Wales Press. (Scholar)
• Beiner, Ronald and William James Booth (eds.), 1993. Kant and Political Philosophy: The Contemporary Legacy, New Haven: Yale University Press. (Scholar)
• Beiser, Frederick, 1992. Enlightenment, Revolution, and Romanticism: The Genesis of Modern German Political Thought 1790–1800, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. (Scholar)
• Brown, Garrett Wallace, 2019. Grounding Cosmopolitanism: From Kant to the Idea of a Cosmopolitan Constitution, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. (Scholar)
• Brown, Garrett Wallace, and Aron Telegdi-Csetri (eds.), 2019. Kant’s Cosmopolitics: Contemporary Issues and Global Debates, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. (Scholar)
• Byrd, B. Sharon and Joachim Hruschka, 2010. Kant’s ‘Doctrine of Right’: A Commentary, New York: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• Byrd, B. Sharon and Joachim Hruschka (eds.), 2006. Kant and Law, Burlington, VT: Ashgate. (Scholar)
• Caranti, Luigi, 2017. Kant’s Political Legacy: Human Rights, Peace, Progress, Cardiff: University of Wales Press. (Scholar)
• Cavallar, Georg, 2020. Kant and the Theory and Practice of International Right, second, revised and enlarged edition, Cardiff: University of Wales Press. (Scholar)
• Corradetti, Claudio, 2020. Kant, Global Politics, and Cosmopolitan Law: The World Republic as a Regulative Idea of Reason, New York: Routledge. (Scholar)
• Covell, Charles, 1998. Kant and the Law of Peace, New York: St. Martin’s Press. (Scholar)
• Denis, Lara (ed.), 2010. Kant’s ‘Metaphysics of Morals’: A Critical Guide, New York: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• Ellis, Elizabeth, 2005. Kant’s Politics: Provisional Theory for an Uncertain World , New Haven: Yale University Press. (Scholar)
• –––, 2008. Provisional Politics: Kantian Arguments in Policy Context, New Haven: Yale University Press. (Scholar)
• Ellis, Elizabeth (ed.), 2012. Kant’s Political Theory: Interpretations and Applications, University Park, PA: Penn State University Press. (Scholar)
• Faggion, Andrea, Nuria Sanchez Madrid, and Alessandro Pinzani (eds.), 2016. Kant and Social Policies, New York: Palgrave Macmillan. (Scholar)
• Fleischacker, Samuel, 1999. A Third Concept of Liberty: Judgment and Freedom in Kant and Adam Smith, Princeton: Princeton University Press (Scholar)
• –––, 2013. What is Enlightenment?, New York: Routledge. (Scholar)
• Flikschuh, Katrin, 2000. Kant and Modern Political Philosophy, New York: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• Flikschuh, Katrin and Lea Ypi (eds.), 2014. Kant and Colonialism, New York: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Føllesdal, Andreas and Reidar Maliks (eds.), 2014. Kantian Theory and Human Rights, New York: Routledge. (Scholar)
• Formosa, Paul, Avery Goldman, and Tatiana Patrone (eds.), 2014. Politics and Teleology in Kant, Cardiff: University of Wales Press. (Scholar)
• Gregor, Mary, 1963. Laws of Freedom: A Study of Kant’s Method of Applying the Categorical Imperative in the Metaphysik der Sitten, Oxford: Basil Blackwell. (Scholar)
• Guyer, Paul, 2005. Kant’s System of Nature and Freedom, Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Höffe, Otfried, 2006. Trans. Alexandra Newton. Kant’s Cosmopolitan Theory of Law and Peace, New York: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• –––, 2002. Trans. Mark Migotti. Categorical Principles of Law, State College: Pennsylvania State University Press. (Scholar)
• Huseyinzadegan, Dilek, 2019. Kant’s Nonideal Theory of Politics, Evanston, Illinois: Northwestern University Press. (Scholar)
• Kaufman, Alexander, 1999. Welfare in the Kantian State, New York: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Kisilevsky, Sari, and Martin J. Stone (eds.) 2017. Freedom and Force: Essays on Kant’s Legal Philosophy, New York: Hart Publishing. (Scholar)
• Kleingeld, Pauline, 2012. Kant and Cosmopolitanism, New York: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• Kneller, Jane and Sidney Axinn (eds.), 1998. Autonomy and Community: Readings in Contemporary Kantian Social Philosophy, Albany: SUNY Press. (Scholar)
• Krasnoff, Larry, Nuria Sanchez Madrid, and Paula Satne (eds.), 2018. Kant’s Doctrine of Right in the 21st Century, Cardiff: University of Wales Press. (Scholar)
• Losonsky, Michael, 2001. Enlightenment and Action from Descartes to Kant: Passionate Thought, New York: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• Louden, Robert, 2000. Kant’s Impure Ethics, New York: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Maliks, Reidar, 2015. Kant’s Politics in Context, New York: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Merle, Jean-Christophe, 2009. German Idealism and the Concept of Punishment, New York: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• Mulholland, Leslie, 1990. Kant’s System of Rights, New York: Columbia University Press. (Scholar)
• Murphy, Jeffrie, 1970. Kant: The Philosophy of Right, New York: St. Martin’s Press. (Scholar)
• Riley, Patrick, 1983. Kant’s Political Philosophy, Totowa, N.J.: Rowman and Littlefield. (Scholar)
• Ripstein, Arthur, 2021. Kant and the Law of War, New York: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• –––, 2009. Force and Freedom: Kant’s Legal and Political Philosophy, Cambridge: Harvard University Press. (Scholar)
• Rosen, Allen, 1993. Kant’s Theory of Justice, Ithaca: Cornell University Press. (Scholar)
• Ruffing, Margit, Annika Schlitte, and Gianluca Sadun Bordoni (hrsg.) 2020. Kants Naturrecht Feyerabend: Analysen und Perspektiven, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. (Scholar)
• Schmidt, James (ed.), 1996. What is Enlightenment? Eighteenth-Century Answers and Twentieth-Century Questions, Berkeley: University of California Press. (Scholar)
• Saner, Hans, 1973. Trans. E. B. Ashton. Kant’s Political Thought: Its Origins and Development, Chicago: University of Chicago Press. (Scholar)
• Shell, Susan Meld, 2009. Kant and the Limits of Autonomy, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. (Scholar)
• –––, 1996. The Embodiment of Reason: Kant on Spirit, Generation, and Community, Chicago: University of Chicago Press. (Scholar)
• –––, 1980. The Rights of Reason: A Study of Kant’s Philosophy and Politics, Toronto: University of Toronto Press. (Scholar)
• Timmons, Mark (ed.), 2002. Kant’s Metaphysics of Morals: Interpretive Essays, Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Valdez, Ines, 2019. Transnational Cosmopolitanism: Kant, Du Bois, and Justice as a Political Craft, New York: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• van der Linden, Harry, 1988. Kantian Ethics and Socialism. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing. (Scholar)
• Vaha, Milla Emilia, 2021. The Moral Standing of the State in International Politics: A Kantian Account, Cardiff: University of Wales Press. (Scholar)
• Varden, Helga, 2020. Sex, Love, and Gender: A Kantian Theory, Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Walla, Alice Pinheiro, and Mehmet Ruhi Demiray (eds.), 2020. Reason, Normativity, and Law: New Essays in Kantian Philosophy, Cardiff: University of Wales Press. (Scholar)
• Westphal, Kenneth R., 2016. How Hume and Kant Reconstruct Natural Law, Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• White, Mark, 2011. Kantian Ethics and Economics, Stanford: Stanford University Press. (Scholar)
• Williams, Howard, 2012. Kant and the End of War, New York: Palgrave Macmillan. (Scholar)
• –––, 2003. Kant’s Critique of Hobbes, Cardiff: University of Wales Press. (Scholar)
• –––, 1983. Kant’s Political Philosophy, New York: St. Martin’s Press. (Scholar)
• Williams, Howard (ed.), 1992. Essays on Kant’s Political Philosophy, Chicago: University of Chicago Press. (Scholar)
• Yovel, Yirmiyahu Yovel, 1980. Kant and the Philosophy of History, Princeton: Princeton University Press. (Scholar)