Primary Literature

Works by Kant

• The standard German edition of Kant’s works is: Königlichen Preußischen (later Deutschen) Akademie der Wissenschaften (ed.), 1900–, Kants gesammelte Schriften, Berlin: Georg Reimer (later Walter De Gruyter). (Scholar)
• The best English edition of Kant’s works is: P. Guyer and A. Wood (eds.), 1992–, The Cambridge Edition of the Works of Immanuel Kant, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Its individual volumes are:
  • Allison, H., and Heath, P. (eds.), 2002, Theoretical Philosophy after 1781, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
  • Ameriks, K., and Naragon, S. (eds.), 1997, Lectures on Metaphysics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
  • Förster, E. (ed.), 1993, Opus Postumum, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
  • Gregor, M. (ed.), 1996, Practical Philosophy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
  • Guyer, P., and Wood, A. (eds.), 1998, Critique of Pure Reason, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
  • Guyer, P. (ed.), 2000, Critique of the Power of Judgment, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
  • Guyer, P. (ed.), 2005, Notes and Fragments, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
  • Heath, P., and Schneewind, J. (eds.), 1997, Lectures on Ethics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
  • Louden, R., and Wood, A. (eds.), 2013, Lectures on Anthropology, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
  • Rauscher, F. (ed.), 2016, Lectures and Drafts on Political Philosophy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
  • Walford, D., and Meerbote, R. (eds.), 1992, Theoretical Philosophy, 1755–1770, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
  • Watkins, E. (ed.), 2012, Natural Science, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
  • Wood, A., and di Giovanni, G. (eds.), 1996, Religion and Rational Theology, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
  • Young, J. (ed.), 1992, Lectures on Logic, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
  • Zöller, G., and Louden, R. (eds.), 2007, Anthropology, History, and Education, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
  • Zweig, A. (ed.), 1999, Correspondence, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)

Other Primary Sources

• Jacobi, F., 1787, David Hume on Faith or Idealism and Realism: A Dialogue, in G. di Giovanni (ed.), The Main Philosophical Writings and the Novel Allwill, Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1994. (Scholar)
• Fichte, J., 1792, Attempt at a Critique of All Revelation, in G. Green (ed.), Attempt at a Critique of All Revelation, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978. (Scholar)
• Locke, J. 1689, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, in P. Nidditch (ed.), An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1975. (Scholar)
• Reinhold, K., 1786–1790, Letters on the Kantian Philosophy, in K. Ameriks (ed.), Letters on the Kantian Philosophy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. (Scholar)
• Sassen, B., 2000, Kant’s Early Critics: The Empiricist Critique of the Theoretical Philosophy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• Tetens, J., 1777, Philosophische Versuche über die Menschliche Natur und ihre Entwicklung, Hildesheim: Olms, 1979. (Scholar)

Secondary Literature

• Allais, L., 2015, Manifest Reality: Kant’s Idealism and his Realism, Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Allison, H., 1990, Kant’s Theory of Freedom, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• –––, 1996, Idealism and Freedom, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• –––, 2001, Kant’s Theory of Taste: A Reading of the Critique of Aesthetic Judgment, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• –––, 2004, Kant’s Transcendental Idealism: An Interpretation and Defense, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, Revised and Enlarged Edition. (Scholar)
• –––, 2015, Kant’s Transcendental Deduction: An Analytical-Historical Commentary, Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• –––, 2020, Kant’s Conception of Freedom: A Developmental and Critical Analysis, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• Altman, M. (ed.), 2017, The Palgrave Kant Handbook, London: Palgrave Macmillan. (Scholar)
• Ameriks, K., 1978, “Kant’s Transcendental Deduction as a Regressive Argument,” Kant-Studien, 69: 273–87; reprinted in Kitcher (ed.) 1998, pp. 85–102; and in Ameriks 2003, pp. 51–66. (Scholar)
• –––, 1982, “Recent Work on Kant’s Theoretical Philosophy,” American Philosophical Quarterly, 19: 1–24; reprinted in Ameriks 2003, pp. 67–97. (Scholar)
• –––, 1992, “Kantian Idealism Today,” History of Philosophy Quarterly, 9: 329–342; reprinted in Ameriks 2003, 98–111. (Scholar)
• –––, 2003, Interpreting Kant’s Critiques, Oxford: Clarendon Press. (Scholar)
• Aquila, R., 1983, Representational Mind: A Study of Kant’s Theory of Knowledge, Bloomington: Indiana University Press. (Scholar)
• Beck, L., 1960, A Commentary on Kant’s Critique of Practical Reason, Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press. (Scholar)
• –––, 1965, “The fact of reason: an essay on justification in ethics,” in Beck (ed.), Studies in the Philosophy of Kant, Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, pp. 200–214; reprinted in Beck 2002, pp. 45–56. (Scholar)
• –––, 1978, “Did the Sage of Königsberg Have No Dreams?” in Beck, Essays on Kant and Hume, New Haven:Yale University Press; reprinted in Beck 2002, pp. 85–101; and in Kitcher (ed.) 1998, pp. 103–116. (Scholar)
• –––, 2002, Selected Essays on Kant (Series: North American Kant Society Studies in Philosophy), H. Robinson (ed.), Rochester: University of Rochester Press. (Scholar)
• Beiser, F., 1987, The Fate of Reason: German Philosophy from Kant to Fichte, Cambridge and London: Harvard University Press. (Scholar)
• –––, 1992, “Kant’s Intellectual Development 1746–1781,” in Guyer (ed.) 1992, pp. 26–61. (Scholar)
• –––, 2000, “The Enlightenment and Idealism,” in The Cambridge Companion to German Idealism, K. Ameriks (ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 18–36. (Scholar)
• –––, 2002, German Idealism: The Struggle Against Subjectivism, 1781–1801, Cambridge and London: Harvard University Press. (Scholar)
• Bennett, J., 1966, Kant’s Analytic, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• –––, 1974, Kant’s Dialectic, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• Bird, G., 1962, Kant’s Theory of Knowledge: An Outline of One Central Argument in the Critique of Pure Reason, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. (Scholar)
• –––, 2006, The Revolutionary Kant: A Commentary on the Critique of Pure Reason, Chicago and La Salle: Open Court. (Scholar)
• Engstrom, S. 1992, “The Concept of the Highest Good in Kant’s Moral Theory,” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 52(4): 747–780. (Scholar)
• Förster, E. (ed.), 1989, Kant’s Transcendental Deductions, Stanford: Stanford University Press. (Scholar)
• Friedman, M., 2013, Kant’s Construction of Nature, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• Gardner, S., 1999, Kant and the Critique of Pure Reason, London and New York: Routledge. (Scholar)
• Grier, M. 2001, Kant’s Doctrine of Transcendental Illusion, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• Ginsborg, H., 1990, The Role of Taste in Kant’s Theory of Cognition, New York: Garland. (Scholar)
• –––, 1997, “Kant on Aesthetic and Biological Purposiveness,” in B. Herman, C. Korsgaard, and T. Hill (eds.), Reclaiming the History of Ethics: Essays in Honor of John Rawls, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, pp. 329–360. (Scholar)
• –––, 2001, “Kant on Understanding Organisms as Natural Purposes,” in E. Watkins (ed.), Kant and the Sciences, Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• –––, 2006, “Thinking the Particular as Contained in the Universal,” in Kukla (ed.) 2006, pp. 35–60. (Scholar)
• Guyer, P., 1987, Kant and the Claims of Knowledge, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• –––, 1992, “The transcendental deduction of the categories,” in Guyer (ed.) 1992, pp. 123–160. (Scholar)
• –––, 1993, Kant and the Experience of Freedom, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• –––, 1997, Kant and the Claims of Taste, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2nd edition. (Scholar)
• –––, 2000, Kant on Freedom, Law, and Happiness, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• –––, 2005, Kant’s System of Nature and Freedom, Oxford: Clarendon Press. (Scholar)
• –––, 2006, Kant, London and New York: Routledge. (Scholar)
• ––– (ed.), 1992, The Cambridge Companion to Kant, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• ––– (ed.), 2006, The Cambridge Companion to Kant and Modern Philosophy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• ––– (ed.), 2010, The Cambridge Companion to Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• Henrich, D., 1969, “The Proof-Structure of Kant’s Transcendental Deduction,” Review of Metaphysics, 22: 640–59. (Scholar)
• –––, 1976, Identität und Objektivität: Eine Untersuchung über Kants transzendentale Deduktion, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag. (Scholar)
• –––, 1992, Aesthetic Judgment and the Moral Image of the World: Studies in Kant, Stanford: Stanford University Press. (Scholar)
• –––, 1994, The Unity of Reason: Essays on Kant’s Philosophy, R. Velkley (ed.), Cambridge and London: Harvard University Press. (Scholar)
• Hill, T., 1992, Dignity and Practical Reason in Kant’s Moral Theory, Ithaca: Cornell University Press. (Scholar)
• Höffe, O., 1994, Immanuel Kant, Albany: State University of New York Press. (Scholar)
• Jankowiak, T., 2017, “Kantian Phenomenalism Without Berkeleyan Idealism,” Kantian Review, 22(2): 205–231. (Scholar)
• Kanterian, E., 2018, Kant, God, and Metaphysics, London and New York: Routledge. (Scholar)
• Kemp Smith, N., 1923, Commentary to Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason, New York: Humanities Press, 2nd edition (1992 reprint). (Scholar)
• Kitcher, P. (ed.), 1998, Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason: Critical Essays, Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. (Scholar)
• –––, 2011, Kant’s Thinker, Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Kleingeld, P., 1995, “What do the Virtuous Hope for? Re-reading Kant’s Doctrine of the Highest Good,” in H. Robinson (ed.), Proceedings of the Eight International Kant Congress, Milwaukee: Marquette University Press, 1:91–112. (Scholar)
• Korsgaard, C., 1996, Creating The Kingdom of Ends, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• Kuehn, M., 2001, Kant: A Biography, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• Kukla, R. (ed.), 2006, Aesthetics and Cognition in Kant’s Critical Philosophy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• Langton, R., 1998, Kantian Humility: Our Ignorance of Things in Themselves, Oxford: Clarendon Press. (Scholar)
• Laywine, A., 1993, Kant’s Early Metaphysics and the Origins of the Critical Philosophy (NAKS Studies in Philosophy: 3), Atascadero, CA: Ridgeview. (Scholar)
• Longuenesse, B., 1998. Kant and the Capacity to Judge: Sensibility and Discursivity in the Transcendental Analytic of the Critique of Pure Reason, Princeton: Princeton University Press. (Scholar)
• –––, 2005, Kant on the Human Standpoint, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• –––, 2006, “Kant on a priori concepts: The metaphysical deduction of the categories,” in Guyer (ed.) 2006, pp. 129–168; also in Longuenesse 2005, pp. 81–116. (Scholar)
• McFarland, J., 1970, Kant’s Concept of Teleology, Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh Press. (Scholar)
• Neiman, S., 1994, The Unity of Reason: Rereading Kant, Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• O’Neill, Onora, 1989, Constructions of Reason, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• Paton, H., 1936, Kant’s Metaphysic of Experience, London: Allen & Unwin. (Scholar)
• –––, 1947, The Categorical Imperative, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press (1971 reprint). (Scholar)
• Prauss, G., 1974, Kant und das Problem der Dinge an sich, Bonn: Bouvier. (Scholar)
• Rawls, J., 2000, Lectures on the History of Moral Philosophy, B. Herman (ed.), Cambridge and New York: Harvard University Press. (Scholar)
• Reath, A., 1988, “Two Conceptions of the Highest Good in Kant,” Journal of the History of Philosophy, 26: 593–619. (Scholar)
• Robinson, H., 1994, “Two Perspectives on Kant’s Appearances and Things in Themselves,” Journal of the History of Philosophy, 32: 411–441. (Scholar)
• Rohlf, M., 2008, “The Transition From Nature to Freedom in Kant’s Third Critique,” Kant-Studien, 99(3): 339–360. (Scholar)
• –––, 2010, “The Ideas of Pure Reason,” in Guyer (ed.) 2010, pp. 190–209. (Scholar)
• Schönfeld, M., 2000, The Philosophy of the Young Kant: The Precritical Project, Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Silber, J., 1959, “Kant’s Conception of the Highest Good as Immanent and Transcendent,” The Philosophical Review, 68: 469–492. (Scholar)
• Strawson, P., 1966, The Bounds of Sense: An Essay on Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason, London and New York: Routledge. (Scholar)
• Sullivan, R., 1989, Immanuel Kant’s Moral Theory, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• –––, 1994, An Introduction to Kant’s Ethics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• Van Cleve, J., 1999, Problems From Kant, New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Walford, D. and Meerbote, R., 1992, “General Introduction” and “Introductions to the translations,” in Immanuel Kant: Theoretical Philosophy, 1755–1770, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. xxxv–lxxiv. (Scholar)
• Willaschek, M., 2018, Kant on the Sources of Metaphysics: The Dialectic of Pure Reason, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• Wood, A., 1970, Kant’s Moral Religion, Ithaca: Cornell University Press. (Scholar)
• –––, 1984, “Kant’s Compatibilism,” in Wood (ed.), Self and Nature in Kant’s Philosophy, Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, pp. 73–101; reprinted in Kitcher (ed.) 1998, pp. 239–263. (Scholar)
• –––, 1999, Kant’s Ethical Thought, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• –––, 2005, Kant, Oxford: Blackwell. (Scholar)
• Zuckert, R., 2007, Kant on Beauty and Biology: An Interpretation of the Critique of Judgment, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)