Primary Literature

List of Abbreviations

• [DM]Utrum in omni motu potentia motoris excedit potentiam rei motae
• [DV] Utrum quilibet actus voluntatis per se malus sit per se aliquid

Manuscripts of Kilvington’s Texts

Quaestiones super libros De generatione et corruptione:

1. Utrum generatio sit transmutatio distincta ab alteratione.

2. Utrum continuum sit divisibile in infinitum.

3. Utrum augmentatio sit motus ad quantitatem.

4. Utrum omnia elementa sint adinvicem transmutabilia.

5. Utrum omnis actio sit ratione contrarietatis.

6. Utrum mixtio sit miscibilium alteratorum unio.

7. Utrum numerus elementorum sit aequalis numero qualitatum primarum.

8. Utrum omnia contraria sint activa et passiva adinvicem.

9. Utrum ex omnibus duobus elementis possit tertium generari.

• Brugge: Stedelijke Openbare Bibliotheek, Ms. 503, fols. 20vb–50vb (questions 1–9).
• Cambridge: Peterhouse Library, Ms. 195, fols. 60ra–81rb (questions 1–4).
• Erfurt: Universitätsbibliothek, Dep. Erf., CA O. 74, fols. 35ra–86va (questions 1–7 and 9).
• Kraków: Biblioteka Jagiellońska, Ms. 648, fols. 40ra–53rb (questions 1–5).
• Paris: Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Ms. lat. 6559, fols. 61ra–132vb (questions 1–9).
• Sevilla: Biblioteca Capitular y Colombina, Ms. 7–7–13, fols. 9ra–27ra (questions 1–9).
• Firenze: Biblioteca Nationale Centrale, Cod. Conv. Soppr. B. VI. 1681, fols. 37ra–77vb (questions 1–8, question 7 is interrupted).

Quaestiones super libros Physicorum:

Expositio super primum librum Physicorum.

1. Utrum omne scitum sciatur per causam.

2. Utrum omne quod generetur ex contrariis generetur.

3. Utrum in omni generatione tria principia requirantur.

4. Utrum omnis natura sit principium motus et quietis.

5. Utrum potentia motoris excedit potentiam rei motae. [De Motu = DM]

6. Utrum qualitas suscipit magis et minus.

7. Utrum aliquod motus simplex possit moveri aeque velociter in vacuo et in pleno.

8. Utrum omne transmutatum in transmutationis initio sit in eo ad quod primitus transmutatur.

• Brugge: Stedelijke Openbare Bibliotheek, Ms. 503, fols. 41va–50vb (question 3).
• Cambridge: Peterhouse Library, Ms. 195, fols. 70rb–72ra (question 6).
• Città del Vaticano: Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Ms. Vat. lat. 2148, fols. 71ra–76vb (question 6, part of question 5).
• Città del Vaticano: Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Ms. Vat. lat. 4353, fols. 124v–143v (expositio, question 1, part of question 2).
• Città del Vaticano: Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Ms. Vat. lat. 4429, fols. 64r–70v (part of question 6).
• Erfurt: Universitätsbibliothek, Dep. Erf., CA O. 74, fols. 70ra–86va (question 3).
• Oxford: Bodleian Library, Ms. Canon. Misc. 226, fols. 61v–65r (question 6).
• Paris: Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Ms. lat. 16401, fols. 149v–166v (question 6).
• Paris: Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Ms. lat. 6559, fols. 71rb–88rb; 121ra–131ra (questions 3, 6).
• Praha: Národní Knihovna České Republiky, Ms. III. B, 10, 140va–152vb (question 6).
• Sevilla: Biblioteca Capitular y Colombina, Ms. 7–7–13, fols. 27ra–50vb (questions 2–4).
• Venezia: Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana, Ms. lat. VI. 72 [2810], fols. 81ra–112rb (questions 5–8).

Quaestiones super libros Ethicorum Questiones super libros Ethicorum:

1. Utrum omnis virtus moralis ex operibus generetur.

2. Utrum virtutes morales ex defectu aut superabundantia corrumpatur.

3. Utrum quilibet virtuosus in operibus sibi propriis delectetur.

4. Utrum voluntas suos actus producat libere.

5. Utrum fortitudo sit medietas circa audaciam et timores.

6. Utrum male operantes sint a legislatoribus puniendi.

7. Utrum liberalitas sit circa pecunias medietas.

8. Utrum magnanimus dignificeret se honoribus sibi dignis.

9. Utrum iustitia sit virtus moralis perfecta.

10. Utrum prudentia sit habitus cum recta ratione activus circa hominis bona et mala.

• Brugge: Stedelijke Openbare Bibliotheek, Ms. 503, fols. 51ra–79va (questions 1–10).
• Città del Vaticano: Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Cod. Urb. Lat, fols. 256ra–287vb (questions 1–10).
• Città del Vaticano: Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Cod. Ottobon. Lat, fols. 25ra–59ra (questions 1–10).
• Erfurt: Universitätsbibliothek, Dep. Erf., CA F 35, fols. 121ra–177vb (question 1–9, question 10 is interrupted).
• Firenze: Biblioteca Nationale Centrale Cod. Conv. Soppr. B. VI 1681, fols. 1ra-32vb (questions 1–9).
• Gent: Universiteitsbibliotheek Gent, Hs, 702, fols. 47ra–82rb (questions 1–4).
• Kraków: Biblioteka Jagiellońska, Ms. 744, fols. 103vb–100vb (questions 4–9).
• Lübeck: Bibliothek der Hansestadt, Cod. Philos. 4, fols. 164ra–198rb (questions 1–10).
• Milano: Biblioteca Ambrosiana, Ms. A 100 inf., fols. 55ra-100ra (questions 1–10).
• Paris: Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Ms. lat. 15561, fols. 172ra–197vb (questions 1–10).
• Sevilla: Biblioteca Capitular y Colombina, Ms. 7–3–25, fols. 1ra–70vb (question 10 is interrupted).
• Wien: Ősterreischische Nationalbibliothek, Cod. Lat. 5431, fols. 292ra–337r (10 complete questions).
• Wrocław: Bibl. Uniw. IV.F.198, fols. 118ra-132rb (1–4 questions, question 5 is interrupted).

Questiones super libros Sententiarum Questiones super libros Sententiarum:

1. Utrum Deus sit super omnia diligendus.

2. Utrum per opera meritoria augeatur habitus caritatis quo Deus est super omnia diligendus.

3. Utrum omnis creatura sit suae naturae certis limitibus circumscripta.

4. Utrum quilibet actus voluntatis per se malus sit per se aliquid. [De Voluntate = DV]

5. Utrum peccans mortaliter per instans solum mereatur puniri per infinita instantia interpolata.

6. Utrum aliquis nisi forte in poena peccati possit esse perplexus in his quae pertinent ad salutem.

7. Utrum omnis actus factus extra gratiam sit peccatum.

8. Utrum aliquis possit simul peccare venialiter et mereri vitam aeternam.

• Bologna: Biblioteca Comunale dell’Archiginnasio, Ms. 985, fols. 1ra–52va (questions 1–8). (Scholar)
• Brugge: Stedelijke Openbare Bibliotheek, Ms. 188, fols. 3ra–54vb (questions 1–4, and parts of questions 5, 7, 8).
• Brugge: Stedelijke Openbare Bibliotheek, Ms. 503, fols. 80ra–105rb (questions 1–2).
• Città del Vaticano: Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Ms. Vat. Lat. 4353, fols. 1r–58r (questions 1–4).
• Erfurt: Universitätsbibliothek, Dep. Erf., CA F. 105, fols. 122rb–182rb (questions 1–2, question 3 is incomplete).
• Firenze, Biblioteca Nationale Centrale, II, II, 281, fols. 43ra–50rb (question 1, question 2 is interrupted)
• London: British Library, Harley, Ms. 3243, fols. 111rb–131rb (question 2, question 3 is interrupted).
• Paris: Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Ms. lat. 14576, fols. 117ra–199vb (questions 1–6, and part of question 8).
• Paris: Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Ms. lat. 15561, fols. 198ra–226vb (questions 1–6, and part of question 8).
• Praha: Národní Knihovna České Republiky, Ms. III. B, 10, fols. 130ra–212vb (questions 1–2, question 3 interrupted).
• Wrocław: Biblioteka Uniwersytecka, Ms. IV. F. 198, fols. 15ra–45rb (questions 1–2, question 3 interrupted).
• Tortosa: Biblioteca de la Catedral y del Cabildo de la Sanctísima Iglesia Catedral, Ms. 186, fols. 35ra–66ra (questions 1–2).

Critical Edition and Translation

• Richardus Kilvington, Sophismata, in Norman Kretzmann, Barbara Ensign Kretzmann, critical edition of the Latin text, New York: Oxford University Press, 1990, 1–151.
• Richard Kilvington, The Sophismata, in Norman Kretzmann, Barbara Ensign Kretzmann, The Sophismata of Richard Kilvington: Introduction, Translation, and Commentary, New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990.
• Ricardus Kilvington, Utrum continuum sit divisibile in infinitum, in Robert Podkoński (ed.), Mediaevalia Philosophica Polonorum, 36(2) (2007), 120–75. 
• Ryszard Kilvington, Kwestie o ruchu, in Elżbieta Jung, Arystoteles na nowo odczytany. Ryszarda Kilvingtona “Kwestie o ruchu” [Rereading of Aristotle. Richard Kilvington’s “Quaestions on motion”, Introduction, Translation into Polish], Łódź: University of Łódź Press, 2014, 107–316. (Scholar)
• Ricardus Kilvington, Quaestiones super libros Ethicorum (Studien und Texte zur Geistesgeschichte des Mittelalters 121). Leiden-Boston: Brill, 2016, 63–336 [a critical edition using Lübeck: Bibliothek der Hansestadt, Cod. Philos. 4 as the basic manuscript; the apparatus records eleven mss, Kraków and Wrocław mss are not examined]. (Scholar)
• Ricardus Kilvington, Utrum potentia motoris excedit potentiam rei motae, Elżbieta Jung (ed.), in Elżbieta Jung and Robert Podkoński, Towards the Modern Theory of Motion: Oxford Calculators and the New Interpretation of Aristotle (Research on Science & Natural Philosophy 4), Łódź: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, 2020, 213–266 [an edition is based on ms Venezia: Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana, Ms. lat. VI. 72 [2810].  (Scholar)
• Ricardus Kilvington, Utrum potentia motoris excedit potentiam rei motae, Elżbieta Jung (ed.), in Elżbieta Jung and Robert Podkoński, Towards the Modern Theory of Motion: Oxford Calculators and the New Interpretation of Aristotle (Research on Science & Natural Philosophy 4), Łódź: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, 2020, 213–266 [an edition is based on ms Venezia: Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana, Ms. lat. VI. 72 [2810].  (Scholar)
• Ricardus Kilvington, Utrum omnis creatura sit suae naturae certis limitibus crcumscripta, in Monika Michałowska, Richard Kilvington on the Capacity of Created Beings, Infinity, and Being Simultaneously in Rome and Paris: Critical Edition of Question 3 from Quaestiones super libros Sententiarum, (Studien und Texte zur Geistesgeschichte des Mittelalters 130), Leiden–Boston: Brill, 2021, 77–181, [a critical edition using Bologna: Biblioteca Comunale dell’Archiginnasio, Ms. 985 as the basic manuscript; the apparatus records eight mss]. (Scholar)
• Ricardus Kilvington, Utrum quilibet actus volutatis per se malus sit per se aliquid, Jung, Elżbieta, Michałowska, Monika (eds), in Elżbieta Jung, Monika Michałowska, Richard Kilvington Talks to Thomas Bradwardine about Future Contingents, Free Will, and Predestination: A Critical Edition of Question 4 from “Quaestiones super libros Sententiarum”, (Studien und Texte zur Geistesgeschichte des Mittelalters 134), Leiden–Boston: Brill, 2022 [a critical edition using Bologna: Biblioteca Comunale dell’Archiginnasio, Ms. 985 as the basic manuscript; the apparatus records five mss]. (Scholar)

Secondary Literature

• Bottin, Francesco, 1973a, ‘Analisi linguistica e fisica Aristotelica nei “Sophysmata” di Ricardi Kilmyngton’, in C. Giacon (ed.), Filosofia e Politica, et altri sagii, Padua: 125–45. (Scholar)
• –––, 1973b, ‘L’Opinio de Insolubilibus di Richard Kilmyngon,’ Rivista critica di Storia della Filosofia, 28: 409–22.
• –––, 1974, ‘Un testo fondamentale nell’ambito della “nuova fisica” di Oxford: I Sophismata di Richard Kilmington’, Miscellanea Medievalia, 9: 201–205. (Scholar)
• Courtenay, William J., 1990, Capacity and Volition. A History of the Distinction of Absolute and Ordained Power, Bergamo, Italy: Pierluigi Lubrina. (Scholar)
• Dumont, Stephen D., 1995, ‘The Origin of Scotus’s Theory of Synchronic Contingency’, The Modern Schoolman, 72: 149–67. (Scholar)
• Fedriga, Ricardo, and Monika Michałowska, forthcoming, Safeguarding Free Will: William Ockham, Walter Chatton, and Richard Kilvington on the Will, Kraków: Ksiegarnia Akademicka, forthcoming. (Scholar)
• Jung, Elżbieta, 2016, ‘Mathematics and the Secundum Imaginationem Procedure in Richard Kilvington’, Przegład Tomistyczny, XXII: 109–20. (Scholar)
• –––, 2022a, ‘The New Interpretation of Aristotle. Richard Kilvington, Thomas Bradwardine and the New Rule of Motion,’ in: Quantifying Aristotle. The Impact, Spread and Decline of the Calculatores Tradition, D. Di Liscia, E. D. Sylla (eds) in collaboration with P.J.J.M. Bakker, (Medieval and Early Modern Philosophy of Science 34), Leiden–Boston: Brill, 37–78. (Scholar)
• –––, 2022b, ‘Controversy on Infinity between Richard FitzRalph and Richard Kilvington,’ in A Companion to Richard FitzRalph. Fourteenth-Century Scholar, Bishop, and Polemicist, M. W. Dunne, S. Nolan (eds.), Leiden–Boston: Brill, (forthcoming). (Scholar)
• Jung-Palczewska, Elżbieta, 1997, ‘Motion in a Vacuum and in a Plenum in Richard Kilvington’s Question: Utrum aliquod corpus simplex posset moveri aeque velociter in vacuo et in pleno from the “Commentary on the Physics”’, Miscellanea Medievalia, 25: 179–93. (Scholar)
• –––, 2000a, ‘The Concept of Time in Richard Kilvington’, in L. Cova and G. Alliney (eds.), Tempus, Aevum, Eternity. La Conzettualizzazione del tempo nel Pensiero Tardomiedievale, Firenze: Leo S. Olschki, 141–67. (Scholar)
• –––, 2000b, ‘Works by Richard Kilvington’, Archives d’Histoire Doctrinale et Littéraire du Moyen Age, 67: 181–223. (Scholar)
• –––, 2002a, Między filozofią przyrody i nowożytnym przyrodoznawstwem. Ryszard Kilvington i fizyka matematyczna w średniowieczu (Between Philosophy of Nature and Science. Richard Kilvington and Mathematical Physics in the Middle Ages), Łódź: University of Łódź. (Scholar)
• –––, 2002b, ‘Richard Kilvington on Local Motion’, in P. Bakker (ed.), Chemins de la pensée médiévale. Etudes offertes a Zénon Kaluza, Turnhout: Brepols, 113–33. (Scholar)
• Jung, Elżbieta, and Monika Michałowska, 2008, ‘Jak być sprawiedliwym? Ryszarda Kilvingtona komentarz do Etyki Arystotelesa [What Does It Mean To Be Just? Richard Kilivngton’s Commentary on Aristotle’s Ethics]’, Roczniki Filozoficzne, 56(2): 117–29.  (Scholar)
• –––, 2022, Richard Kilvington Talks to Thomas Bradwardine about Future Contingents, Free Will, and Predestination: A Critical Edition of Question 4 from “Quaestiones super libros Sententiarum”, (Studien und Texte zur Geistesgeschichte des Mittelalters 134), Leiden–Boston: Brill. (Scholar)
• Jung, Elżbieta, and Robert Podkoński, 2008, ‘Richard Kilvington on Proportions’, in J. Biard, S. Rommevaux (eds.), Mathématiques et théorie du mouvement XIVe-XVIe siècle, Villeneuve d’Ascq: Presses Universitaires du Septentrion, 80–101. (Scholar)
• –––, 2009a, ‘Richard Kilvington on continuity’, in C. Grellard and A. Robert (eds.), Atomism in Late Medieval Philosophy and Theology, Leiden-Boston: Brill, 65–84. (Scholar)
• –––, 2009b, ‘The Transmission of English Ideas in the Fourteenth Century—the Case of Richard Kilvington’, Mediaevalia Philosophica Polonorum, 37(3): 59–69. (Scholar)
• –––, Towards the Modern Theory of Motion: Oxford Calculators and the New Interpretation of Aristotle, 2020, (Research on Science & Natural Philosophy 4), Łódź: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego. (Scholar)
• Katz, Bernard, D., 1996, ‘On a Sophisma of Richard Kilvington and a Problem of Analysis’, Medieval Philosophy and Theology, 5: 31–38. (Scholar)
• Knuuttila, Simo and Anja Inkeri Lehtinen, 1979, ‘Plato in infinitum remisse incipit esse albus: New texts on the Late Medieval Discussion on the Concept of Infinity in Sophismata Literature’, in E. Saarinen, R. Hilpinen, I. Niiniluoto, and M. B. P. Hintikka (eds.), Essays in Honor of Jaakko Hintikka, Dordrecht: D. Reidel, 309–329. (Scholar)
• Kretzmann, Norman, 1977, ‘Socrates is Whiter than Plato Begins to be White’, Noûs, 11: 3–15. (Scholar)
• –––, 1982, ‘Richard Kilvington and the Logic of Instantaneous Speed’, in A. Maierù and A. Paravicini-Bagliani (eds.), Studi sul secolo in memoria di Annelise Maier (Edizioni di Storia e Letteratura 151), Rome. (Scholar)
• –––, 1988, ‘“Tu scis hoc esse omne quod est hoc”: Richard Kilvington and the Logic of Knowledge’, in N. Kretzman (ed.), Meaning and Inference in Medieval Philosophy, Dordrecht: Kluwer, 225–45. (Scholar)
• Michałowska, Monika, 2009, ‘Kilvington’s Concept of Prudence in the Questions on Ethics’, Mediaevalia Philosophica Polonorum, 37(3): 85–94. (Scholar)
• –––, 2010, ‘Czy mądry jest roztropny? Roztropność i wiedza moralna wobec działań woli w komentarzu do Etyki nikomachejskiej Ryszarda Kilvingtona [Is Prudence Always Wise? The Role of Prudence and Moral Knowledge in Acts of Will in Richard Kilvington’s Commentary on the Nicomachean Ethics]’, Przegląd Tomistyczny, 16: 1–17 (Scholar)
• –––, 2011a, ‘Kilvington’s Use of Physical and Logical Arguments in Ethical Dilemmas’, Documenti e Studi sulla Tradizione Filosofie Medievale, XXII: 464–492. (Scholar)
• –––, 2011b, Richard Kilvington’s Quaestiones super libros Ethicorum, Builletin de Philosohie Médiévale, 53: 233–282. (Scholar)
• –––, 2016, Woluntarystyczny dynamizm, czyli koncepcja woli w “Kwestiach do Etyki” Ryszarda Kilvingtona [Dynamic Voluntarism: The Concept of the Will in Richard Kilvington’s Questions on the Ethics], Kraków: Księgarnia Akademicka. (Scholar)
• –––, 2018, Richard Kilvington on the Capacity of Created Beings, Infinity, and Being Simultaneously in Rome and Paris: Critical Edition of Question 3 from Quaestiones super libros Sententiarum, (Studien und Texte zur Geistesgeschichte des Mittelalters 130), Leiden–Boston: Brill. (Scholar)
• –––, 2019, ‘The Concept of Habit in Richard Kilvington’s Ethics,’ in The Ontology, Phsychology and Axiology of Habits (Habitus) in Medieval Philosohy, N. Faucher, M. Roques (eds), (Historical-Analytical Studies on Nature, Mind and Action 7), Springer, 347–364. (Scholar)
• Michałowska, Monika, and Elżbieta Jung, 2010, ‘Scotistic and Ockhamist Contributions to Kilvington’s Ethical and Theological Views,’ in 1308: Eine Topographie historischer Gleichzeitigkeit, A. Speer, D. Wirmer (eds.), Berlin: De Gruyter, 104–122. (Scholar)
• D’Ors, Angel, 1991, ‘Tu scis regem sedere’ (Kilvington S47 [48]), Anuario Filosofico, 24: 49–74. (Scholar)
• Podkoński, Robert, 2003, ‘Thomas Bradwardine’s critique of Falsigraphus’s concept of actual infinity’, Studia Antyczne i Mediewistyczne, 1: 141–54. (Scholar)
• –––, 2009, ‘A Charm of Puzzles. The Fate of Richard Kilvington’s Philosophical Ideas’, Organon, 41: 139–150. (Scholar)
• –––, 2016, Ryszard Kilvington – nieskończoność i geometria [Richard Kilvington – Infinity and Geometry], Łódź: University of Łódź Press. (Scholar)
• Read, Stephen, 2015, ‘Richard Kilvington and the Theory of Obligations’, Vivarium, 53(2/4): 391–404. (Scholar)
• Schabel, Chris, 2000, Theology at Paris 1316–1345. Peter Auriol and the Problem of Divine Foreknowledge and Future Contingents, Aldershot: Ashgate. (Scholar)
• Stump, Eleonore, 1982, ‘Obligations: From the Beginning to the Early Fourteenth Century’, in N. Kretzmann, J. Pinborg, and A. Kenny (eds.), The Cambridge History of Later Medieval Philosophy, New York: Cambridge University Press, 315–34. (Scholar)
• Randi, Eugenio, 1987, ‘A Scotist Way of Distinguishing Between God’s Absolute and Ordained Powers’, in A. Hudson and M. Wilks (eds.), From Ockham to Wyclif, Oxford, 43–50. (Scholar)
• Veldhuis, Henri, 2000, ‘Ordained and Absolute Power in Scotus’ Ordinatio I 44’, Vivarium, 38(2): 222–230. (Scholar)
• Wolter, Allan, B., 1990, ‘Scotus’ Paris Lectures on God’s Knowledge of Future Events,’ in A. B. Wolter and M. M. Adams (eds.), The Philosophical Theology of John Duns Scotus, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. (Scholar)