Primary Sources

• 1972. Kūkai: Major Works Translated, with an Account of his Life and a Study of his Thought, Yoshito S. Hakeda (trans.), New York: Columbia University Press.
• 1972. “Kūkai’s Sokushin-Jōbutsu-gi (Principle of Attaining Buddhahood with the Present Body),” H. Inagaki (trans.), Asia Minor: A British Journal of Far Eastern Studies, XVII(2): 190–215. (Scholar)
• 1973. Kōbō daishi Kūkai zenshū vol. I (Himitsu mandara jūjūshinron), Tokyo: Chikuma shobō.
• 1983. Kōbō daishi Kūkai zenshū Vol. 2, Tokyo: Chikuma shobō.
• 1984. Kōbō daishi Kūkai zenshū Vol. 4, Tokyo: Chikuma shobō.
• 1985. Sokushinjōbutsugi, Kanaoka Shūyō (trans. into modern Japanese and commentary), Tokyo: Taiyō shuppan, 1985.
• 2004. On the Differences between the Exoteric and Esoteric Teachings; The Meaning of Becoming a Buddha in This Very Body; The Meanings of Sound, Sign, and Reality; The Meanings of the Word Hūṃ; and The Precious Key to the Secret Treasury. In: Shingon Texts, Rolf W. Giebel (trans.), Berkeley, CA: Bukkyō Dendō Kyōkai and Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research.
• 2010. Kūkai on the Philosophy of Language, Shingen Takagi and Thomas Eijo Dreitlein (trans.), Tokyo: Keio University Press.

Secondary Sources

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• Fujii, Jun, 2008, Kūkai no shisōteki tenkai no kenkyū, Tokyo: Toransubyu.
• Gardiner, David, 2008, “Metaphor and Mandala in Shingon Buddhist Theology,” Sophia: International Journal for Philosophy of Religion, Metaphysical Theology and Ethics, 47(1): 43–55. (Scholar)
• –––, 2019, “Kūkai’s Shingon Philosophy: Embodiment,” in Gereon Kopf (ed.), The Dao Companion to Japanese Buddhist Philosophy, Singapore: Springer.
• Hakeda, Yoshito S., 1972, Kūkai: Major Works Translated, with an Account of his Life and a Study of his Thought, New York: Columbia University Press. (Scholar)
• Inagaki, H., 1972, “Kūkai’s Sokushin-Jōbutsu-gi (Principle of Attaining Buddhahood with the Present Body),” Asia Minor: A British Journal of Far Eastern Studies, XVII(2): 190–215.
• Ingram, Paul O., 1990, “Nature’s Jeweled Net: Kūkai’s Ecological Buddhism,” The Pacific World: Journal of the Institute of Buddhist Studies (New Series), 6: 50–64. (Scholar)
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• Kanaoka, Shūyō, Seigō Matsuoka, Tetsuo Yamaori, Tadashi Shimizu, Jōsaku Maeda, 1984, Kūkai to mikkyō uchū, Tokyo: Kōsan tosho.
• Kasulis, Thomas, 1982, “Reference and Symbol in Plato’s ‘Cratylus’ and Kukai’s ‘Shojijissogi’,” Philosophy East and West, 32: 393–405. (Scholar)
• –––, 1988, “On Knowing the Mystery: Kūkai and Thomas Aquinas,” Buddhist-Christian Studies, 8: 37–45. (Scholar)
• –––, 1988, “Truth Words: The Basis of Kūkai’s Theory of Interpretation,” in Donald S. Lopez Jr. (ed.), Buddhist Hermeneutics, Honolulu: University of Hawaii. (Scholar)
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• –––, 1995, “Reality as Embodiment: An Analysis of Kūkai’s Sokushinjōbutsu and Hosshin Seppō,” in Jane Marie Law (ed.), Religious Reflections on the Human Body, Bloomington: Indiana University Press: 166–185. (Scholar)
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• Kaufmann, Paulus, 2018, “Form and Content in Kūkai’s Shōjijissōgi,” in Raji C. Steineck, Ralph Weber, Elena Louisa Lange, Robert H. Gassman (eds.), Concepts of Philosophy in Asia and the Islamic World, Leiden: Brill. (Scholar)
• Kitagawa, Joseph, 1976, “Kūkai as Master and Savior,” in Frank E. Reynolds and Donald Capps (ed.), The Biographical Process: Studies in the History and Psychology of Religion, The Hague: Mouton & Co.: 319–41. (Scholar)
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• –––, 2019, “Kūkai’s Shingon: Embodiment of Emptiness,”, in Bret W. Davis (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Japanese Philosophy, NYC: Oxford University Press.
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• Paul, Gregor, 2018, “Kūkai’s Philosophy of Language: Reflections on the Usage of the Word ‘Philosophy’, ” in Raji C. Steineck, Ralph Weber, Elena Louisa Lange, Robert H. Gassman (eds.), Concepts of Philosophy in Asia and the Islamic World, Leiden: Brill.
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• Various authors, 1984, Kōbōdaishi to gendai, Kyoto: Chikuma shobō.