Contemporary Works

• Abbey, Ruth, and Den Uyl, Douglas, 2001, “The Chief Inducement? The Idea of Marriage As Friendship,” Journal of Applied Philosophy, 18(1): 37–52. (Scholar)
• Almeida, Luís Duarte d’, 2012, “Legal Sex,” Oxford Studies in Philosophy of Law (Volume 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 277–310.
• Altman, Matthew C., 2010, “Kant on Sex and Marriage: The Implications for the Same-Sex Marriage Debate,” Kant-Studien, 101(3): 309–330. (Scholar)
• Arneson, Richard, 2005, “The Meaning of Marriage: State Efforts to Facilitate Friendship, Love, and Childrearing,” San Diego Law Review, 42: 979–1001. (Scholar)
• Arroyo, Christopher, 2018, “Is the Same-sex Marriage Debate Really Just about Marriage?,” Journal of Applied Philosophy, 35(1): 186–203. (Scholar)
• Baltzly, Vaughn Bryan, 2012, “Same-Sex Marriage, Polygamy, and Disestablishment,” Social Theory and Practice, 38(2): 333–362. (Scholar)
• Barry, Peter Brian, 2011, “Same-Sex Marriage and the Charge of Illiberality,” Social Theory and Practice, 37(2): 333–357. (Scholar)
• Beckwith, Francis J., 2013, “Justificatory Liberalism and Same-Sex Marriage,” Ratio Juris, 26(4): 487–509. (Scholar)
• Bennett, Christopher, 2003, “Liberalism, Autonomy, and Conjugal Love,” Res Publica, 9: 285–301. (Scholar)
• Beyer, Jason A., 2002, “Public Dilemmas and Gay Marriage: Contra Jordan,” Journal of Social Philosophy, 33(1): 9–16. (Scholar)
• Bhandary, Asha, 2018, “Arranged Marriage: Could It Contribute to Justice?,” Journal of Political Philosophy, 26(2): 193–215. (Scholar)
• Blankschaen, Kurt, 2020, “Rethinking Same-Sex Sex in Natural Law Theory,” Journal of Applied Philosophy, 37(3): 428–445. (Scholar)
• Boonin, David, 1999, “Same-Sex Marriage and the Argument from Public Disagreement,” Journal of Social Philosophy, 30(2): 251–259. (Scholar)
• Boswell, John, 1994, The Marriage of Likeness: Same-Sex Unions in Pre-Modern Europe, London: HarperCollins. (Scholar)
• Brake, Elizabeth, 2005, “Justice and Virtue in Kant’s Account of Marriage,” Kantian Review, 9: 58–94. (Scholar)
• –––, 2012, Minimizing Marriage: Marriage, Morality, and the Law, New York: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• –––, 2014, “Recognizing Care: The Case for Friendship and Polyamory,” Syracuse Law and Civic Engagement Journal, 1, [available online]. (Scholar)
• –––, 2016, “Equality and Non-Hierarchy in Marriage: What Do Feminists Really Want?,” in After Marriage: Rethinking Marital Relationships, E. Brake (ed.), New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 100–124. (Scholar)
• –––, 2018, “Do Subversive Weddings Challenge Amatonormativity? Polyamorous Weddings and Romantic Love Ideals,” Analize: Journal of Gender and Feminist Studies, 11, [Brake 2018 available online]. (Scholar)
• Brennan, Samantha, and Bill Cameron, 2016, “Is Marriage Bad for Children? Rethinking the Connection between Having Children, Romantic Love, and Marriage,” in After Marriage: Rethinking Marital Relationships, E. Brake (ed.), New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 84–99. (Scholar)
• Brooks, Thom, 2009, “The Problem with Polygamy,” Philosophical Topics, 37(2): 109–22. (Scholar)
• Buccola, Nicholas, 2005, “Finding Room for Same-Sex Marriage: Toward a More Inclusive Understanding of a Cultural Institution,” Journal of Social Philosophy, 36(3): 331–343. (Scholar)
• Calhoun, Cheshire, 2000, Feminism, the Family, and the Politics of the Closet: Lesbian and Gay Displacement, Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• –––, 2005, “Who’s Afraid of Polygamous Marriage? Lessons for Same-Sex Marriage Advocacy from the History of Polygamy,” San Diego Law Review, 42: 1023–1042. (Scholar)
• Cannon, Loren, 2009, “Trans-Marriage and the Unacceptability of Same-Sex Marriage Restrictions,” Social Philosophy Today, 25: 75–89. (Scholar)
• Card, Claudia, 1996, “Against Marriage and Motherhood,” Hypatia, 11(3): 1–23. (Scholar)
• –––, 2007, “Gay Divorce: Thoughts on the Legal Regulation of Marriage,” Hypatia, 22(1): 24–38. (Scholar)
• Cave, Eric M., 2003, “Marital Pluralism: Making Marriage Safer for Love,” Journal of Social Philosophy, 34(3): 331–347. (Scholar)
• –––, 2004, “Harm Prevention and the Benefits of Marriage,” Journal of Social Philosophy, 35(2): 233–243. (Scholar)
• –––, 2017, “Liberalism, Civil Marriage, and Amorous Caregiving Dyads,” Journal of Applied Philosophy, 36(1): 50–72. (Scholar)
• Chambers, Clare, 2013, “The Marriage-Free State,” Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, 113 (2): 123–143. (Scholar)
• –––, 2016, “The Limitations of Contract: Regulating Personal Relationships in a Marriage-Free State,” in After Marriage: Rethinking Marital Relationships, E. Brake (ed.), New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 51–83. (Scholar)
• –––, 2017, Against Marriage: An Egalitarian Defence of the Marriage-Free State, Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Chan, Sarah, and Daniela Cutas (eds.), 2012, Families ––Beyond the Nucelar Ideal, New York: Bloomsbury Academic. (Scholar)
• Chartier, Gary, 2016, Public Practice, Private Law: An Essay on Love, Marriage, and the State, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• Collins, Patricia Hill, 1998, “It’s All in the Family: Intersections of Gender, Race, and Nation,” Hypatia, 13(3): 62–82. (Scholar)
• Coontz, Stephanie, 2006, Marriage: a History, London: Penguin. (Scholar)
• Corvino, John, 2005, “Homosexuality and the PIB Argument,” Ethics, 115: 501–534. (Scholar)
• Cott, Nancy, 2000, Public Vows: A History of Marriage and the Nation, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. (Scholar)
• Cronan, Sheila, 1973, “Marriage,” in Radical Feminism, ed. Anne Koedt, Ellen Levine, Anita Rapone, New York: Quadrangle, pp.213 –221. (Scholar)
• Crookston, Emily, 2014, “Love and Marriage?,” Journal of Moral Philosophy, 11(4): 267–289. (Scholar)
• De Marneffe, Peter, 2016, “Liberty and Polygamy,” in After Marriage: Rethinking Marital Relationships, E. Brake (ed.), New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 125–159. (Scholar)
• Den Otter, Ron, 2015, In Defense of Plural Marriage, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• Denike, Margaret, 2010, “The Racialization of White Man’s Polygamy,” Hypatia, 25(4): 852–874. (Scholar)
• Devlin, Patrick, 1965, The Enforcement of Morals, Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Emens, Elizabeth F., 2004, “Monogamy’s Law: Compulsory Monogamy and Polyamorous Existence,” New York University Review of Law and Social Change, 29: 277–376. (Scholar)
• Ettelbrick, Paula, “Since When is Marriage a Path to Liberation?,” 1989, Out/look: National Lesbian and Gay Quarterly, 6(9): 14–17; reprinted in Andrew Sullivan (ed.), Same-Sex Marriage: Pro and Con, New York: Vintage, 2004, pp. 122–128. (Scholar)
• Ferguson, A., 2007, “Gay Marriage: An American and Feminist Dilemma,” Hypatia, 22(1): 39–57. (Scholar)
• Ferguson, Michaele L., 2016, “Vulnerability by Marriage: Okin’s Radical Feminist Critique of Structural Gender Inequality,” Hypatia (A Journal of Feminist Philosophy), 31(3): 687–703. (Scholar)
• Ferracioli, Luara, 2016, “Family Migration Schemes and Liberal Neutrality: A Dilemma,” Journal of Moral Philosophy, 13(5): 553–575. (Scholar)
• Fineman, Martha, 2004, The Autonomy Myth: A Theory of Dependency, New York: The New Press. (Scholar)
• Finnis, John, 1994, “Law, Morality, and ‘Sexual Orientation’,” Notre Dame Law Review, 69: 1049–1076. (Scholar)
• –––, 1997, “The Good of Marriage and the Morality of Sexual Relations: Some Philosophical and Historical Observations,” American Journal of Jurisprudence, 42: 97–134. (Scholar)
• –––, 2008, “Marriage: A Basic and Exigent Good,” The Monist, 91(3–4): 388–406. (Scholar)
• Firestone, Shulamith, 1970, The Dialectic of Sex: The Case for Feminist Revolution, New York: William Morrow and Co. (Scholar)
• Galston, William, 1991, Liberal Purposes, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• Garrett, Jeremy, 2008, “History, Tradition, and the Normative Foundations of Civil Marriage,” The Monist, 91(3–4): 446–474. (Scholar)
• –––, 2008, “Why the Old Sexual Morality of the New Natural Law Undermines Traditional Marriage,” Social Theory and Practice, 34(4): 591–622. (Scholar)
• –––, 2009, “A Prima Facie Case Against Civil Marriage,” Southwest Philosophy Review, 25(1): 41–53. (Scholar)
• George, Robert P., 2000, “‘Same-Sex Marriage’ and ‘Moral Neutrality’,” in Homosexuality and American Public Life, Christopher Wolfe (ed.), Dallas: Spence Publishing Company, pp. 141–153. (Scholar)
• Gheaus, Anca, 2016, “The (Dis)value of Commitment to One’s Spouse,” in After Marriage: Rethinking Marital Relationships, E. Brake (ed.), New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 204–224. (Scholar)
• Girgis, Sherif, Robert P. George, and Ryan T. Anderson, 2010, “What is Marriage?” Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy, 34(1): 245–288. (Scholar)
• Goldstein, Joshua D., 2011, “New Natural Law Theory and the Grounds of Marriage,” Social Theory and Practice, 37 (3): 461–482. (Scholar)
• Grisez, Germain, 1993, The Way of the Lord Jesus, vol. 2 Living a Christian Life, Quincy, IL: Franciscan Press. (Scholar)
• Halwani, Raja, 2003, Virtuous Liaisons, Peru, IL: Open Court. (Scholar)
• Hartley, Christie, and Watson, Lori, 2012, “Political Liberalism, Marriage and the Family,” Law and Philosophy, 31(2): 185–212. (Scholar)
• Herman, Barbara, 1993, “Could it be worth thinking about Kant on sex and marriage?,” in A Mind of One’s Own, Louise Antony and Charlotte Witt (eds.), Oxford: Westview Press, pp. 49–67. (Scholar)
• Houlgate, Laurence, 2005, Children’s Rights, State Intervention, Custody and Divorce: Contradictions in Ethics and Family Law, Lewiston, NY: The Mellen Press. (Scholar)
• Johnson, Rebekah, 2013, “Marriage and the Metaphysics of Bodily Union,” Social Theory and Practice, 39(2): 288–312. (Scholar)
• Jordan, Jeff, 1995, “Is It Wrong to Discriminate on the Basis of Homosexuality?,” Journal of Social Philosophy, 26(1): 39–52. (Scholar)
• Kleingeld, Pauline, 1998, “Just Love? Marriage and the Question of Justice,” Social Theory and Practice, 24(2): 261–281. (Scholar)
• Kronqvist, Camilla, 2011, “The Promise That Love Will Last,” Inquiry, 54(6): 650–668. (Scholar)
• Kymlicka, Will, 1991,“Rethinking the Family,” Philosophy and Public Affairs, 20(1): 77–97. (Scholar)
• Landau, Iddo, 2004, “An Argument for Marriage,” Philosophy, 79: 475–481. (Scholar)
• –––, 2012, “Should Marital Relations be Non-Hierarchical?,” Ratio, 25(1): 51–67. (Scholar)
• Lee, Patrick, 2008, “Marriage, Procreation, and Same-Sex Unions,” The Monist, 91(3–4): 422–438. (Scholar)
• Li, Xiaorong, 1995, “Gender Inequality in China and Cultural Relativism,” in Women, Culture and Development: A Study of Human Capabilities, Martha Nussbaum and Jonathan Glovers (eds.), New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 407–425. (Scholar)
• Macedo, Stephen, 1995, “Homosexuality and the Conservative Mind,” Georgetown Law Review, 84: 261–300. (Scholar)
• –––, 2015, Just Married: Same-Sex Couples, Monogamy & the Future of Marriage, Princeton: Princeton University Press. (Scholar)
• Mahoney, Jon, 2008, “Liberalism and the Polygamy Question,” Social Philosophy Today, 23: 161–174. (Scholar)
• Manning, W., Fettro, M., and Lamidi, E., 2014, “Child Well-Being in Same-Sex Parent Families: Review of Research Prepared for the American Sociological Association Amicus Brief,” Population Research & Policy Review, 33(4): 485–502. (Scholar)
• March, Andrew F., 2010, “What Lies Beyond Same-Sex Marriage? Marriage, Reproductive Freedom and Future Persons in Liberal Public Justification,” Journal of Applied Philosophy, 27(1): 39–58. (Scholar)
• March, Andrew F., 2011, “Is There a Right to Polygamy? Marriage, Equality, and Subsidizing Families in Liberal Political Justification,” Journal of Moral Philosophy, 8: 246–272. (Scholar)
• Marquis, Don, 2005, “What’s Wrong with Adultery?,” in What’s Wrong?, Graham Oddie and David Boonin (eds.), New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 231–238. (Scholar)
• Martin, Mike W., 1993, “Love’s Constancy,” Philosophy, 68(263): 63–77. (Scholar)
• –––, 1994, “Adultery and Fidelity,” Journal of Social Philosophy, 25(3): 76–91. (Scholar)
• May, Simon, 2016, “Liberal Neutrality and Civil Marriage,” in After Marriage: Rethinking Marital Relationships, E. Brake (ed.), New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 9–28. (Scholar)
• Mayo, David J. and Gunderson, Martin, 2000, “The Right to Same-Sex Marriage: A Critique of the Leftist Critique,” Journal of Social Philosophy, 31(3): 326–337. (Scholar)
• McClain, Linda C., 2013, “The Other Marriage Equality Problem,” Boston University Law Review, 93(3): 921–970. (Scholar)
• McMurtry, John, 1972, “Monogamy: A Critique,” The Monist, 56: 587–99. (Scholar)
• Mendus, Susan, 1984, “Marital Faithfulness,” Philosophy, 59: 243–252. (Scholar)
• Mercier, Adèle, 2001, Affidavit, Ontario Superior Court of Justice (Divisional Court), Between Halpern al. (Applicants) and Canada (Attorney General) et al. (Respondents), Court file 30/2001, 30/2001, Nov. [available online] (Scholar)
• Metz, Tamara, 2010, Untying the Knot: Marriage, the State, and the Case for their Divorce, Princeton: Princeton University Press. (Scholar)
• Mohr, Richard D., 2005, The Long Arc of Justice: Lesbian and Gay Marriage, Equality, and Rights, New York: Columbia University Press. (Scholar)
• Moller, Dan, 2003, “An Argument Against Marriage,” Philosophy, 78(1): 79–91. (Scholar)
• Morse, Jennifer Roback, 2006, “Why Unilateral Divorce Has No Place in a Free Society,” in The Meaning of Marriage, Robert P. George and Jean Bethke Elshtain (eds.), Dallas: Spence Publishing Co, pp. 74–99. (Scholar)
• Moses, Julia (ed.), 2018, Marriage, Law and Modernity: Global Histories, New York: Bloomsbury. (Scholar)
• Murphy, Timothy F., 2011, “Same-Sex Marriage: Not a Threat to Marriage or Children,” Journal of Social Philosophy, 42(3): 288–304. (Scholar)
• Narayan, Uma, 1995, “‘Male-Order’ Brides: Immigrant Women, Domestic Violence and Immigration Law,” Hypatia, 10(1): 104–119. (Scholar)
• –––, 1997, Dislocating Cultures: Identities, Traditions, and Third-World Feminism, Routledge: New York. (Scholar)
• Nolan, Daniel, 2016, “Temporary Marriage,” in After Marriage: Rethinking Marital Relationships, E. Brake (ed.), New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 180–203. (Scholar)
• –––, forthcoming, “Marriage and its Limits,” Inquiry. (Scholar)
• Nussbaum Martha, 1999, Sex and Social Justice, Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Okin, Susan Moller, 1979, Women in Western Political Thought, Princeton: Princeton University Press. (Scholar)
• –––, 1989, Justice, Gender, and the Family, New York: Basic Books. (Scholar)
• –––, 1994, “Political Liberalism, Justice, and Gender,” Ethics, 105(1): 23–43. (Scholar)
• Papadaki, Lina, 2010, “Kantian Marriage and Beyond: Why It Is Worth Thinking About Kant on Marriage,” Hypatia, 25 (2): 276–294. (Scholar)
• Parsons, Kate, 2008, “Subverting the Fellowship of the Wedding Ring,” Journal of Social Philosophy, 39(3): 393–410. (Scholar)
• Pateman, Carole, 1988, The Sexual Contract, Cambridge: Polity Press. (Scholar)
• Posner, Richard, and Silbaugh, Katharine, 1996, A Guide to America’s Sex Laws, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. (Scholar)
• Rajczi, Alex, 2008, “A Populist Argument for Same-Sex Marriage,” The Monist, 91(3–4): 475–505. (Scholar)
• Rawls, John, 1997, “The Idea of Public Reason Revisited,” The University of Chicago Law Review, 64(3): 765–807. (Scholar)
• Raz, Joseph, 1986, The Morality of Freedom, Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Robson, Ruthann, 2007, “A Mere Switch or a Fundamental Change? Theorizing Transgender Marriage,” Hypatia, 22 (1): 58–70. (Scholar)
• Sandel, Michael, 1982, Liberalism and the Limits of Justice, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• Savulescu, Julian, and Sandberg, Anders, 2008, “Neuroenhancement of Love and Marriage: The Chemicals Between Us,” Neuroethics, 1: 31–44. (Scholar)
• Schaff, Kory, 2004, “Equal Protection and Same-Sex Marriage,” Journal of Social Philosophy, 35(1): 133–147. (Scholar)
• Scruton, Roger, 1986, Sexual Desire, London: The Free Press. (Scholar)
• Shanley, Mary Lyndon, et al., 2004, Just Marriage, Oxford: Oxford University Press (includes title essay by Shanley and short replies by 13 others). (Scholar)
• Shrage, Laurie, 2013, “Reforming Marriage: A Comparative Approach,” Journal of Applied Philosophy, 30(2): 107–121. (Scholar)
• –––, 2016, “Polygamy, Privacy, and Equality,” in After Marriage: Rethinking Marital Relationships, E. Brake (ed.), New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 160–179. (Scholar)
• –––, 2018, “Decoupling Marriage and Parenting,” Journal of Applied Philosophy, 35(3): 496–512. (Scholar)
• Sommers, Christina Hoff, 1989, “Philosophers Against the Family,” in Person to Person, George Graham and Hugh LaFollete (eds.), Philadelphia: Temple University Press, pp. 82–105. (Scholar)
• Steinbock, Bonnie, 1986, “Adultery,” QQ: Report from the Center for Philosophy and Public Policy, 6(1): 12–14. (Scholar)
• Sticker, Martin, 2020, “The Case against Different-Sex Marriage in Kant,” Kantian Review, 25(3): 441–464. (Scholar)
• Stivers, Andrew, and Valls, Andrew, 2007, “Same-sex marriage and the regulation of language,” Politics, Philosophy and Economics, 6(2): 237–253. (Scholar)
• Strauss, Gregg, 2012, “Is Polygamy Inherently Unequal?,” Ethics, 122(3): 516–544. (Scholar)
• Sunstein, Cass, and Thaler, Richard, 2008, “Privatizing Marriage,” The Monist, 91(3–4): 377–387. (Scholar)
• Tjaden, Patricia, and Thoennes, Nancy, 2000, “Full Report of the Prevalence, Incidence, and Consequences of Violence Against Women,” Findings from the National Violence Against Women Survey, published by the U. S. Department of Justice, NCJ 183781. (Scholar)
• Toop, Alison, 2019, “Is Marriage Incompatible with Political Liberalism,” Journal of Moral Philosophy, 16(3): 302–326. (Scholar)
• Tuana, Nancy, 2004, “Coming to Understand: Orgasm and the Epistemology of Ignorance,” Hypatia, 19(1): 194–232. (Scholar)
• Vanderheiden, Steve, 1999, “Why the State Should Stay Out of the Wedding Chapel,” Public Affairs Quarterly, 13(2): 175–190. (Scholar)
• Waldron, Jeremy, 1988, “When Justice Replaces Affection: The Need for Rights,” Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy, 11(3): 625–647. (Scholar)
• –––, 1988–89, “Autonomy and Perfectionism in Raz’s Morality of Freedom,” Southern California Law Review, 62: 1097–1152. (Scholar)
• Walker, Greg, 2015, “Public Reason Liberalism and Sex-Neutral Marriage A Response to Francis J. Beckwith,” Ratio Juris, 28(4): 486–503. (Scholar)
• Wallenstein, Peter, 2002, Tell the Court I Love My Wife: Race, Marriage, and Law—An American History, New York: Palgrave Macmillan. (Scholar)
• Wasserstrom, Richard, 1974, “Is Adultery Immoral?,” in Philosophical Forum, 5: 513–528. (Scholar)
• Wedgwood, Ralph, 1999, “The Fundamental Argument for Same-Sex Marriage,” The Journal of Political Philosophy, 7(3): 225–242. (Scholar)
• –––, 2016, “Is Civil Marriage Illiberal?,” in After Marriage: Rethinking Marital Relationships, E. Brake (ed.), New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 29–50. (Scholar)
• Weitzman, Lenore, 1981, The Marriage Contract, New York: Macmillan. (Scholar)
• Wellington, Adrian Alex, 1995, “Why Liberals Should Support Same Sex Marriage,” Journal of Social Philosophy, 26(3): 5–32. (Scholar)
• Williams, Reginald, 2011, “Same-Sex Marriage and Equality,” Ethical Theory and Moral Practice, 14(5): 589–595. (Scholar)
• Wilson, John, 1989, “Can One Promise to Love Another?,” Philosophy, 64: 557–63. (Scholar)
• Young, Iris Marion, 1995, “Mothers, Citizenship, and Independence: A Critique of Pure Family Values,” Ethics, 105: 535–556. (Scholar)

Historical Works

The following works were first published prior to 1950.

• Abelard and Heloise, 2003, The Letters of Abelard and Heloise, Betty Radice (trans.), M. T. Clanchy (rev.), London: Penguin, revised edition. (Scholar)
• Aquinas, Thomas, 1981, Summa Theologiae, English Dominicans (trans.), New York: Christian Classics (reprint of London: Burns, Oates, and Washbourne 1912–36). (Scholar)
• Aristotle, 1984, The Complete Works of Aristotle: The Revised Oxford Translation, Jonathan Barnes (ed.), Princeton: Princeton University Press. (Scholar)
• Astell, Mary, 1700, “Reflections upon Marriage,” in Political Writings, Patricia Springborg (ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996, pp. 1–80. (Scholar)
• Augustine, 1999, Marriage and Virginity: The Excellence of Marriage, Holy Virginity, The Excellence of Widowhood, Adulterous Marriages, Continence, vol. I/9, Ray Kearney (trans), David Hunter (ed.), John E. Rotelle (series ed.), Hyde Park, New York: New City Press. (Scholar)
• Augustine, 1998, Answer to the Pelagians, II: Marriage and Desire, Answer to the Two Letters of the Pelagians, Answer to Julian, vol. I/24, Roland J. Teske (trans.), John E. Rotelle (series ed.), Hyde Park, New York: New City Press. (Scholar)
• de Beauvoir, Simone, 1949, Le Deuxième sexe, Paris: Gallimard. Translated as The Second Sex, H. M. Parshley (trans.), New York: Vintage, 1972. [Page references to 1989 edition.] (Scholar)
• Engels, Friedrich, 1884 [1972], The Origin of the Family, Private Property, and the State, Eleanor Burke Leacock (ed.), New York: International. (Scholar)
• Hegel, G. W. F., 1995, Elements of the Philosophy of Right, Allen W. Wood (ed.), H. B. Nisbet (trans.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• Hobbes, Thomas, 1962, Leviathan, Michael Oakeshott (ed.), New York: Simon and Schuster. (Scholar)
• Kant, Immanuel, 1785 [1991], The Metaphysics of Morals, Mary Gregor (trans.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• –––, 1798 [2006], Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View, Robert B. Louden (trans., ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• Kierkegaard, Søren, 1987, Either/Or, 2 vols., Howard V. Hong and Edna H. Hong (trans.), Princeton: Princeton University Press. (Scholar)
• Locke, John, 1988, Two Treatises of Government, Peter Laslett (ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• Mill, John Stuart, 1988, The Subjection of Women, Susan Moller Okin (ed.), Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company. (Scholar)
• Marx, Karl, 1848, The Communist Manifesto, in Selected Writings, Lawrence Simon (ed.), Indianapolis: Hackett, 1994, pp. 157–186. (Scholar)
• Plato, 1997, Complete Works, John Cooper (ed.), D. S. Hutchinson (assoc. ed.), Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Co. (Scholar)
• Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 1762 [1993], Émile, Barbara Foxley (trans.), P. D. Jimack (intro.), London: J. M. Dent.
• Russell, Bertrand, 1929, Marriage and Morals, New York: Horace Liveright. (Scholar)
• Wollstonecraft, Mary, 1792 [1997], The Vindications: The Rights of Men, The Rights of Woman, D.L. Macdonald and Kathleen Scherf (eds.), Peterborough, ON.: Broadview. (Scholar)