Linked bibliography for the SEP article "Empirical Approaches to Moral Character" by Christian B. Miller

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Adams, Robert, 2006, A Theory of Virtue: Excellence in Being for the Good, Oxford: Clarendon Press. (Scholar)
Alfano, Mark, 2012, “Expanding the Situationist Challenge to Responsibilist Virtue Epistemology,” The Philosophical Quarterly, 62: 223–249. (Scholar)
–––, 2013, Character as Moral Fiction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
Alfano, Mark and Abrol Fairweather (eds.), 2017, Epistemic Situationism, Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
Annas, Julia, 2011, Intelligent Virtue, Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
Appiah, Kwame, 2008, Experiments in Ethics, Cambridge: Harvard University Press. (Scholar)
Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics, T. Irwin (trans.), Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, 1985.
Ashton, Michael C. and Kibeom Lee, 2001, “A Theoretical Basis for the Major Dimensions of Personality,” European Journal of Personality, 15: 327–353. doi:10.1002/per.417 (Scholar)
–––, 2005, “Honesty-Humility, the Big Five, and the Five-Factor Model”, Journal of Personality, 73(5): 1321–1353. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2005.00351.x (Scholar)
–––, 2020, “Objections to the HEXACO Model of Personality Structure–And Why Those Objections Fail,” European Journal of Personality, https://doi.org/10.1002/per.2242 (Scholar)
Badhwar, Neera K., 2009, “The Milgram Experiments, Learned Helplessness, and Character Traits”, The Journal of Ethics, 13(2): 257–289. doi:10.1007/s10892-009-9052-4 (Scholar)
Bates, Tom and Pauline Kleingeld, 2018, “Virtue, Vice, and Situationism,” in The Oxford Handbook of Virtue, Nancy E. Snow (ed.), New York: Oxford University Press, 524–545. (Scholar)
Blackburn, Simon, 1998, Ruling Passions: A Theory of Practical Reasoning, Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
Blum, Ben, 2018, “The Lifespan of a Lie. The Most Famous Psychology Study of All Time was a Sham. Why can’t We Escape the Stanford Prison Experiment?” Medium, June 7 [Blum 2018 available online]. (Scholar)
Bogg, T. and B. Roberts, 2004, “Conscientiousness and Health-Related Behaviors: A Meta-Analysis of the Leading Behavioral Contributors to Mortality,” Psychological Bulletin, 130: 887–919. (Scholar)
Campbell, John, 1999, “Can Philosophical Accounts of Altruism Accommodate Experimental Data on Helping Behavior?” Australasian Journal of Philosophy, 77: 26–45. (Scholar)
Caprara, G. and D. Cervone, 2000, Personality: Determinants, Dynamics, and Potentials, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
Cervone, D. and Y. Shoda (eds.), 1999, The Coherence of Personality: Social-Cognitive Bases of Consistency, Variability, and Organization, New York: The Guilford Press. (Scholar)
Costa, P. and R. McCrae, 1985, The NEO Personality Inventory Manual, Odessa: Psychological Assessment Resources. (Scholar)
–––, 1992, Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) Professional Manual, Odessa: Psychological Assessment Resources. (Scholar)
–––, 1995, “Domains and Facets: Hierarchical Personality Assessment using the Revised NEO Personality Inventory”, Journal of Personality Assessment, 64: 21–50. (Scholar)
Crowe, M., D. Lynam, and J. Miller, 2018, “Uncovering the Structure of Agreeableness from Self-Report Measures,” Journal of Personality, 86: 771–787. (Scholar)
Darley, J. and C. Batson, 1973, “‘From Jerusalem to Jericho:’ A Study of Situational and Dispositional Variables in Helping Behavior,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 27: 100–108. (Scholar)
DePaul, Michael, 1999, “Character Traits, Virtues, and Vices: Are There None?” Proceedings of the World Congress of Philosophy, Philosophy Documentation Center. 1: 141–157. (Scholar)
Doris, John, 1998, “Persons, Situations, and Virtue Ethics,” Noûs, 32: 504–530. (Scholar)
–––, 2002, Lack of Character: Personality and Moral Behavior, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
–––, 2010, “Heated Agreement: Lack of Character as Being for the Good ”, Philosophical Studies, 148: 135–146. (Scholar)
Doris, John and Lauren Olin, 2014, “Vicious Minds,” Philosophical Studies, 168: 665–692. (Scholar)
Funder, D, 2007, The Personality Puzzle, fourth edition, New York: W.W. Norton & Company. (Scholar)
Goldberg, L, 1981, “Language and Individual Differences: The Search for Universals in Personality Lexicons”, in Review of Personality and Social Psychology, L. Wheeler (ed.), Volume 2. Beverly Hills: Sage, pp. 141–165. (Scholar)
–––, 1990, “An Alternative ‘Description of Personality’: The Big-Five Factor Structure,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59: 1216–1229. (Scholar)
–––, 1992, “The Development of Markers for the Big-Five Factor Structure,” Psychological Assessment, 4: 26–42. (Scholar)
–––, 1993, “The Structure of Phenotypic Personality Traits,” American Psychologist, 48: 26–34. (Scholar)
Goldberg, L. and G. Saucier, 1995, “So What Do You Propose We Use Instead? A Reply to Block,” Psychological Bulletin, 117: 221–225. (Scholar)
Goldie, Peter, 2004, On Personality, London: Routledge. (Scholar)
Gurven M, C. von Rueden, M. Massenkoff, H. Kaplan, and M. Lero Vie, 2013, “How Universal is the Big Five? Testing the Five-Factor Model of Personality Variation among Forager-Farmers in the Bolivian Amazon,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 104: 354–70. (Scholar)
Haney, C., C. Banks, and P. Zimbardo, 1973, “A Study of Prisoners and Guards in a Simulated Prison,” in Readings about the Social Animal, E. Aronson (ed.), third edition, San Francisco: Freeman, 52–67. (Scholar)
Harman, Gilbert, 1999, “Moral Philosophy meets Social Psychology: Virtue Ethics and the Fundamental Attribution Error,” Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, 99: 315–331. (Scholar)
–––, 2000, “The Nonexistence of Character Traits,” Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, 100: 223–226. (Scholar)
–––, 2001, “Virtue Ethics without Character Traits,” in Fact and Value, A. Byrne, R. Stalnaker, and R. Wedgwood (eds). Cambridge: MIT Press, 117–127. (Scholar)
–––, 2003, “No Character or Personality,” Business Ethics Quarterly, 13: 87–94. (Scholar)
–––, 2009, “Skepticism about Character Traits,” The Journal of Ethics, 13: 235–242. (Scholar)
Hogan, R, 1991, “Personality and Personality Measurement,” in Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, second edition, M.D. Dunnette and L.M. Hough (eds), Palo Alto: Consulting Psychologists Press, pp. 873–919. (Scholar)
–––, 1996, “A Socioanalytic Perspective on the Five-Factor Model,” in Wiggins 1996: 163–179. (Scholar)
Hurka, Thomas, 2001, Virtue, Vice, and Value, Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
Isen, A. and P. Levin, 1972, “Effect of Feeling Good on Helping: Cookies and Kindness,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 21: 384–388. (Scholar)
John, O. and R. Robins, 1994, “Traits and Types, Dynamics and Development: No Doors Should Be Closed in the Study of Personality,” Psychological Inquiry, 5: 137–142. (Scholar)
John, O., L. Naumann, and C. Soto, 2008a, “Paradigm Shift to the Integrative Big Five Trait Taxonomy: History, Measurement, and Conceptual Issues,” in John, Robins, and Pervin 2008b: 114–158. (Scholar)
John, O., R. Robins, and L. Pervin (eds.), 2008b, Handbook of Personality: Theory and Research, third edition, New York: The Guilford Press. (Scholar)
Johnson, J, 1999, “Persons in Situations: Distinguishing New Wine from Old Wine in New Bottles,” European Journal of Personality, 13: 443–453. (Scholar)
Kamtekar, Rachana, 2004, “Situationism and Virtue Ethics on the Content of Our Character,” Ethics, 114: 458–491. (Scholar)
Kristjánsson, Kristján, 2008, “An Aristotelian Critique of Situationism,” Philosophy, 83: 55–76. (Scholar)
–––, 2013, Virtues and Vices in Positive Psychology: A Philosophical Critique, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
Kunnel John R, B. Xavier, A. Waldmeier, A. Meyer, and J. Gaab, 2019, “Psychometric Evaluation of the BFI-10 and the NEO-FFI-3 in Indian Adolescents,” Frontiers in Psychology, 10: 1057. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01057 (Scholar)
Kupperman, Joel, 2001, “The Indispensability of Character,” Philosophy, 76: 239–250. (Scholar)
Laajaj, R., K. Macours, D. A. Pinzon Hernandez, O. Arias, S. Gosling, J. Potter, M. Rubio-Codina, and R. Vakis, 2019, “Challenges to Capture the Big Five Personality Traits in non-WEIRD Populations,” Science Advances, 5: 1–13. (Scholar)
Lamiell, J., 1997, “Individuals and the Differences between Them,” in Handbook of Personality Psychology, R. Hogan, J. Johnson, and S. Briggs (eds.), San Diego: Academic Press, pp. 117–41. (Scholar)
Latané, B. and J. Darley, 1970, The Unresponsive Bystander: Why Doesn’t He Help?, New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts. (Scholar)
Latané, B. and J. Rodin, 1969, “A Lady in Distress: Inhibiting Effects of Friends and Strangers on Bystander Intervention,” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 5: 189–202. (Scholar)
Leary, M, 2004, Introduction to Behavioral Research Methods, fourth edition, Boston: Pearson. (Scholar)
Lee, K. and M. Ashton, 2004, “Psychometric Properties of the HEXACO Personality Inventory,” Multivariate Behavioral Research, 39: 329–358. (Scholar)
Lopez, S., J. Pedrotti, and C. Snyder, 2015, Positive Psychology: The Scientific and Practical Explorations of Human Strengths, Thousand Oaks: SAGE. (Scholar)
Lukes, Steven, 2009, “Comment: Do People Have Character Traits,” in Mantzavinos 2009: 291–298. (Scholar)
Macdonald, C., M. Bore, and D. Munro, 2008, “Values in Action Scale and the Big 5: An Empirical Indication of Structure,” Journal of Research in Personality, 42: 787–799. (Scholar)
Mantzavinos, C. (ed.), 2009, Philosophy of the Social Sciences: Philosophical Theory and Scientific Practice, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
McCrae, R, 1982, “Consensual Validation of Personality Traits: Evidence from Self-Reports and Ratings,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43: 293–303. (Scholar)
McCrae, R. and P. Costa, 1987, “Validation of the Five-Factor Model of Personality Across Instruments and Observers,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52: 81–90. (Scholar)
–––, 1997, “Personality Trait Structure as a Human Universal,” American Psychologist, 52: 509–516. (Scholar)
–––, 2003, Personality in Adulthood: A Five-Factor Theory Perspective, second edition, New York: The Guilford Press. (Scholar)
–––, 2008, “The Five-Factor Theory of Personality,” in John, Robins, and Pervin 2008b: 159–181. (Scholar)
McCrae, R. and O. John, 1992, “An Introduction to the Five-Factor Model and Its Applications,” Journal of Personality, 60: 175–215. (Scholar)
McGrath, R, 2014, “Scale- and Item-Level Factor Analysis of the VIA Inventory of Strengths,” Assessment, 21: 4–14. (Scholar)
–––, 2015, “Integrating Psychological and Cultural Perspectives on Virtue: The Hierarchical Structure of Character Strengths,” The Journal of Positive Psychology, 10: 407–424. (Scholar)
Merritt, Maria, 2000, “Virtue Ethics and Situationist Personality Psychology,” Ethical Theory and Moral Practice, 3: 365–383. (Scholar)
Merritt, Maria, John Doris, and Gilbert Harman, 2010, “Character,” in The Moral Psychology Handbook, J. Doris and the Moral Psychology Research Group (eds), Oxford: Oxford University Press, 355–401. (Scholar)
Milgram, S, 1974, Obedience to Authority, New York: Harper & Row. (Scholar)
Miller, Christian, 2003, “Social Psychology and Virtue Ethics,” The Journal of Ethics, 7: 365–392. (Scholar)
–––, 2013, Moral Character: An Empirical Theory, Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
–––, 2014, Character and Moral Psychology, Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
–––, 2016, “Does the CAPS Model Improve Our Understanding of Personality and Character?” in From Personality to Virtue, Jonathan Webber and Alberto Masala (ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 155–185. (Scholar)
–––, 2017, “Character and Situationism: New Directions,” Ethical Theory and Moral Practice, 20: 459–471. (Scholar)
–––, 2019a, “Some Complexities of Categorizing Character Traits,” in Virtue Ethics: Retrospect and Prospect. Elisa Grimi (ed.). Springer, pp. 81–98. (Scholar)
–––, 2019b, “Some Philosophical Concerns about How the VIA Classifies Character Traits and the VIA-IS Measures Them,” Journal of Positive Psychology, 14: 6–19. (Scholar)
–––, forthcoming, “Flirting with Skepticism about Practical Wisdom,” in Practical Wisdom: Philosophical and Psychological Perspectives, Routledge. (Scholar)
Mischel, W, 1968, Personality and Assessment, New York: John J. Wiley and Sons. (Scholar)
–––, 1973, “Toward a Cognitive Social Learning Reconceptualization of Personality,” Psychological Review, 80: 252–283. (Scholar)
–––, 1984, “Convergences and Challenges in the Search for Consistency,” American Psychologist, 39: 351–364. (Scholar)
–––, 1999a, “Implications of Person-Situation Interaction: Getting Over the Field’s Borderline Personality Disorder,” European Journal of Personality, 13: 455–461. (Scholar)
–––, 1999b, “Personality Coherence and Dispositions in a Cognitive-Affective Personality System (CAPS) Approach,” in Cervone and Shoda 1999: pp. 37–60. (Scholar)
–––, 2004, “Toward an Integrative Science of the Person,” Annual Review of Psychology, 55: 1–22. (Scholar)
–––, 2009, “From Personality and Assessment (1968) to Personality Science, 2009,” Journal of Research in Personality, 43: 282–290. (Scholar)
Mischel, W. and Y. Shoda, 1995, “A Cognitive-Affective System Theory of Personality: Reconceptualizing Situations, Dispositions, Dynamics, and Invariance in Personality Structure,” Psychological Review, 102: 246–268. (Scholar)
–––, 1998, “Reconciling Processing Dynamics and Personality Dispositions,” Annual Review of Psychology, 49: 229–258. (Scholar)
–––, 2008, “Toward a Unified Theory of Personality: Integrating Dispositions and Processing Dynamics within the Cognitive-Affective Processing System,” in John, Robins, and Pervin 2008b: 208–241. (Scholar)
Moneta, G, 2014, Positive Psychology: A Critical Introduction, New York: Palgrave Macmillan. (Scholar)
Montmarquet, James, 2003, “Moral Character and Social Science Research,” Philosophy, 78: 355–368. (Scholar)
Mount, M. and M. Barrick, 1998, “Five Reasons why the ‘Big Five’ Article has been Frequently Cited,” Personnel Psychology, 51: 849–857. (Scholar)
Mumford, Stephen, 1998, Dispositions, Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
Niemiec, R, 2013, “VIA Character Strengths: Research and Practice (The First 10 Years),” in Well-being and Cultures: Perspectives on Positive Psychology, H.H. Knoop and A. Delle Fave (eds.), New York: Springer, pp. 11–30. (Scholar)
Noftle, E., S. Schnitker, and R. Robins, 2011, “Character and Personality: Connections between Positive Psychology and Personality Psychology,” in Designing Positive Psychology: Taking Stock and Moving Forward, K. Sheldon, T. Kashdan, and M. Steger (eds.), Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 207–227. (Scholar)
Ozer, D. and S. Reise, 1994, “Personality Assessment,” in Annual Review of Psychology, L. Porter and M. Rosenzweig (eds), Volume 45. Palo Alto: Annual Reviews, pp. 357–388. (Scholar)
Ozer, D. and V. Benet-Martínez, 2006, “Personality and the Prediction of Consequential Outcome,” Annual Review of Psychology, 57: 401–421. (Scholar)
Peterson, C. and M. Seligman (eds), 2004, Character Strengths and Virtues: A Handbook and Classification, Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
Peterson, C. and N. Park, 2009, “Classifying and Measuring Strengths of Character,” in Snyder and Lopez 2009: 25–33. (Scholar)
Philpot, R., L. S. Liebst, M. Levine, W. Bernasco, and M. R. Lindegaard, 2019, “Would I Be Helped? Cross-National CCTV Footage Shows That Intervention Is the Norm in Public Conflicts,” American Psychologist, 75: 66–75. (Scholar)
Piedmont, R, 1998, The Revised NEO Personality Inventory: Clinical and Research Applications, New York: Plenum Press. (Scholar)
Prinz, Jesse, 2009, “The Normativity Challenge: Cultural Psychology Provides the Real Threat to Virtue Ethics,” The Journal of Ethics, 13: 117–144. (Scholar)
Roberts, B., N. Kuncel, R. Shiner, A. Caspi, and L. Goldberg, 2007, “The Power of Personality: The Comparative Validity of Personality Traits, Socioeconomic Status, and Cognitive Ability for Predicting Important Life Outcomes,” Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2: 313–345. (Scholar)
Ross, L. and R. Nisbett, 1991, The Person and the Situation: Perspectives of Social Psychology, New York: McGraw-Hill. (Scholar)
Russell, Daniel, 2009, Practical Intelligence and the Virtues, Oxford: Clarendon Press. (Scholar)
Sabini, J. and M. Silver, 2005, “Lack of Character? Situationism Critiqued,” Ethics, 115: 535–562. (Scholar)
Sarkissian, Hagop, 2010, “Minor Tweaks, Major Payoffs: The Problem and Promise of Situationism in Moral Philosophy,” Philosophers’ Imprint, 10:1–15. (Scholar)
Saucier, G. and L. Goldberg, 1996a, “Evidence for the Big Five in Analyses of Familiar English Personality Adjectives,” European Journal of Personality, 10: 61–77. (Scholar)
–––, 1996b, “The Language of Personality: Lexical Perspectives on the Five-Factor Model,” in Wiggins 1996: 21–50. (Scholar)
Shoda, Y., 1999, “Behavioral Expressions of a Personality System: Generation and Perception of Behavioral Signatures,” in Cervone and Shoda 1999: 155–181. (Scholar)
Shoda, Y., W. Mischel, and J. Wright, 1993, “The Role of Situational Demands and Cognitive Competencies in Behavior Organization and Personality Coherence,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65: 1023–1035. (Scholar)
–––, 1994, “Intraindividual Stability in the Organization and Patterning of Behavior: Incorporating Psychological Situations into the Idiographic Analysis of Personality,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67: 674–687. (Scholar)
Slingerland, Edward, 2011, “The Situationist Critique and Early Confucian Virtue Ethics,” Ethics, 121: 390–419. (Scholar)
Smaldino, P. E., A. Lukaszewski, C. von Rueden, and M. Gruven, 2019, “Niche diversity can explain Cross-Cultural Differences in Personality Structure,” Nature Human Behavior, 3: 1276–1283. (Scholar)
Snow, Nancy, 2010, Virtue as Social Intelligence: An Empirically Grounded Theory, New York: Routledge Press. (Scholar)
Snyder, C. and S. Lopez (eds.), 2009, Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology, Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
Solomon, Robert, 2003, “Victims of Circumstances? A Defense of Virtue Ethics in Business,” Business Ethics Quarterly, 13: 43–62. (Scholar)
Sosa, Ernest, 2009, “Situations against Virtues: The Situationist Attack on Virtue Theory,” in Mantzavinos 2009: 274–290. (Scholar)
Sreenivasan, Gopal, 2002, “Errors about Errors: Virtue Theory and Trait Attribution,” Mind, 111: 47–68. (Scholar)
Thalmayer, A. G., G. Saucier, L. Ole-Kotikash, and D. Payne, 2020, “Personality Structure in East and West Africa: Lexical Studies of Personality in Maa and Supyire-Senufo”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 119: 1132–1152. (Scholar)
Thalmayer, A. G., S. Job, E. N. Shino, S. L. Robinson, and G. Saucier, 2021, “ǂŪsigu: A Mixed-Method Lexical Study of Character Description in Khoekhoegowab”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 121: 1258–1283. (Scholar)
Upton, Candace, 2009, “The Structure of Character,” The Journal of Ethics, 13: 175–193. (Scholar)
Vranas, Peter, 2005, “The Indeterminacy Paradox: Character Evaluations and Human Psychology,” Noûs, 39: 1–42. (Scholar)
Wielenberg, Erik, 2006, “Saving Character”, Ethical Theory and Moral Practice, 9: 461–491. (Scholar)
Wiggins, J. (ed.), 1996, The Five-Factor Model of Personality: Theoretical Perspectives, New York: The Guilford Press. (Scholar)
Wiggins, J. and P. Trapnell, 1996, “A Dyadic-Interactional Perspective on the Five-Factor Model,” in Wiggins 1996: 88–162. (Scholar)
Wright, J. and W. Mischel, 1987, “A Conditional Approach to Dispositional Constructs: The Local Predictability of Social Behavior”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53: 1159–1177. (Scholar)

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