Primary Sources

The following works by John Rawls are cited above.

• [TJ] A Theory of Justice, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Revised edition, 1999. The page citations refer first to the 1971 edition first, and the revised edition thereafter, as in (TJ 17/16 rev.). (Scholar)
• [PL] Political Liberalism, New York: Columbia University Press, 1993. Paperback edition, 1996; Expanded edition, 2005. (Scholar)
• [LP] The Law of Peoples, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999.
• [CP] Collected Papers, S. Freeman (ed.), Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999.
• [LHMP] Lectures on the History of Moral Philosophy, B. Herman (ed.), Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999.
• [JF] Justice as Fairness: A Restatement, E. Kelly (ed.), Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2001.
• [LHPP] Lectures on the History of Political Philosophy, S. Freeman (ed.), Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2007.

Secondary Sources

• Appiah, Anthony, 2017, As If: Idealization and Ideals, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. (Scholar)
• Audard, Catherine, 2007, John Rawls (Philosophy Now), McGill-Queens University Press. (Scholar)
• Beitz, Charles, 1999, Political Theory and International Relations (revised edition), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• Buchak, Lara, 2017, “Taking Risks behind the Veil of Ignorance”, Ethics, 127(3): 610–644. (Scholar)
• Cohen, G. A., 2008, Rescuing Justice and Equality, Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press. [see index for discussions of original position] (Scholar)
• Cohen, Joshua, 2015, ‘The Original Position and Scanlon’s Contractualism,’ in T. Hinton (ed.), The Original Position, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.. (Scholar)
• Daniels, Norman (ed.), 1975, Reading Rawls: Critical Studies on John Rawls’ A Theory of Justice, New York: Basic Books. Reissued with new Preface, 1989. (Scholar)
• –––, 1996, Justice and Justification, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [see especially Daniels’ essays on reflective equilibrium] (Scholar)
• Dworkin, Ronald, 1977, ‘Justice and Rights’ in Taking Rights Seriously, Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press. (Also in Daniels 1975, entitled ‘The Original Position’.) (Scholar)
• Edmundson, William A., 2017, John Rawls: Reluctant Socialist, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• English, Jane, 1977, “Justice Between Generations,” Philosophical Studies, 31: 91–104. (Scholar)
• Freeman, Samuel (ed.), 2003, The Cambridge Companion to Rawls, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• Freeman, Samuel, 1990, ‘Reason and Agreement in Social Contract Views,’ Philosophy and Public Affairs, 19(2): 122–157. (Also in Freeman, 2007a, 17–44.) (Scholar)
• –––, 2007a, Justice and the Social Contract: Essays on Rawlsian Political Philosophy, Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• –––, 2007b, Rawls, London: Routledge. (Scholar)
• –––, 2013, ‘Property Owning Democracy and the Difference Principle,’ Analyse & Kritik, 35(1): 9–36. (Scholar)
• –––, 2018, Liberalism and Distributive Justice, Oxford, Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Gaus, Gerald, 2016, The Tyranny of the Ideal, Princeton: Princeton University Press. (Scholar)
• Gauthier, David, 1974, ‘Justice and Natural Endowment: Towards a Critique of Rawls’s Ideological Framework,’ in D. Gauthier, Moral Dealing: Contract, Ethics, and Reason, Ithaca NY: Cornell University Press, 1990, 150–170. (Scholar)
• –––, 1985, ‘Bargaining and Justice,’ in D. Gauthier, Moral Dealing: Contract, Ethics, and Reason, Ithaca NY: Cornell University Press, 1990, 187–206. (Scholar)
• Griffin, S., and Solum, L. (eds.), 1994, Symposium on John Rawls’s Political Liberalism, Chicago Kent Law Review, 69: 549–842. (Scholar)
• Habermas, Juergen, 1995, ‘Reconciliation through the Public Use of Reason: Remarks on John Rawls’s Political Liberalism,’ The Journal of Philosophy, 92(3): 109–131. (Scholar)
• Hampton, Jean, 1980, ‘Contracts and Choices: Does Rawls Have a Social Contract Theory?’ Journal of Philosophy, 77: 315–38. (Scholar)
• Hare, R.M., 1981, Moral Thinking: Its Levels, Method, and Point, Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Hart, H.L.A., 1973, ‘Rawls on Liberty and its Priority,’ University of Chicago Law Review, 40 (3): 551–55, reprinted Daniels (ed.), 1975, 249–52. (Scholar)
• Harsanyi, John, 1975, ‘Can the Maximin Principle Serve as the Basis for Morality? A Critique of John Rawls’s Theory,’ American Political Science Review, 69: 594–606. (Scholar)
• Hinton, Timothy (ed.), 2016, The Original Position, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• Hobbes, Thomas, 1651, Leviathan, Richard Tuck (ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991. (Scholar)
• Hume, David, 1748 [1777], ‘Of the Original Contract,’ in his Essays: Moral, Political, and Literary, 1777; reprinted Indianapolis: Liberty Classics, 1985, 465–87. (Scholar)
• –––, 1739 [1978], A Treatise of Human Nature (Book III, Part 3, Sec. I), Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2nd edition, 1978. (Scholar)
• –––, 1777 [1970], Enquiries Concerning the Human Understanding and Concerning the Principles of Morals, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2nd edition, 1970. (Scholar)
• Kant, Immanuel, 1785, Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, in Kant: Practical Philosophy, Mary Gregor (ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. (Scholar)
• –––, 1793, ‘On the common saying: that may be true in theory but it is of no use in practice, in Kant: Practical Philosophy, Mary Gregor (ed.). (Scholar)
• –––, 1797, “Doctrine of Right” (The Metaphysics of Morals: Part I), in Kant: Practical Philosophy, Mary Gregor (ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. (Scholar)
• Kaufman, Alexander, 2018, Rawls’s Egalitarianism, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [chap.3 on constructivism; chap. 4 on the maximin argument] (Scholar)
• Kittay, Eva Feder, 1997, “Human Dependency and Rawlsian Equality,” in Feminists Rethink the Self, Diana Meyers (ed.), Boulder: Westview. (Scholar)
• –––, 2019, Love’s Labor: Essays on Women, Equality, and Dependency, New York: Routledge, 2nd edition. (Scholar)
• Locke, John, 1689, The Second Treatise on Government, in Two Treatises on Government, Peter Laslett (ed.), Cambridge: University Press, 1960, 1988. (Scholar)
• Lloyd, Sharon (ed.), 1994, John Rawls’s Political Liberalism, Pacific Philosophical Quarterly, 75 [special double issue]. (Scholar)
• Maffetone, Sebastiano, 2010, Rawls: An Introduction, Cambridge: Polity Press. (Scholar)
• Mandle, Jon, 2009, Rawls’s A Theory of Justice: An Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• Mandle, Jon, and David Reidy (eds.), 2013, A Companion to Rawls, Oxford: Blackwell. (Scholar)
• MacIntyre, Alasdair, 1981, After Virtue, Notre Dame: Notre Dame University Press. (Scholar)
• Martin, R. and Reidy, D. (eds), 2006, Rawls’s Law of Peoples: A Realistic Utopia?, Oxford: Blackwell. (Scholar)
• Mills, Charles, 2016, Black Rights, White Wrongs, Oxford: Oxford University Press, chs. 8–10. (Scholar)
• –––, 2020, ‘Theorizing Racial Justice’ (Tanner Lecture on Human Value), University of Michigan [Mills 2020 available online]. (Scholar)
• Nozick, Robert, 1974, Anarchy, State, and Utopia, New York: Basic Books. (Scholar)
• Nussbaum, Martha, 2006, Frontiers of Justice, Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press. (Scholar)
• –––, 2003, ‘Rawls and Feminism,’ in The Cambridge Companion to Rawls, S. Freeman (ed.). (Scholar)
• Okin, Susan Moller, 1987, ‘Justice and Gender,’ Philosophy & Public Affairs, 16 (1): 42–72. (Scholar)
• –––, 1989, Justice, Gender, and the Family, New York: Basic Books, ch. 5. (Scholar)
• Parfit, Derek, 1984, Reasons and Persons, Oxford: University Press. (Scholar)
• Pateman, Carol, and Charles Mills, 2007, The Contract and Domination, Cambridge: Polity Press. (Scholar)
• Pettit, Philip, 1997, Republicanism, Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Pogge, T., 1989, Realizing Rawls, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. (Scholar)
• –––, 2007, John Rawls: His Life and Theory of Justice, Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Raz, Joseph, 1990, ‘The Face of Epistemic Abstinence,’ Philosophy and Public Affairs, 19(1): 3–46. (Scholar)
• Richardson, H., and Weithman, P. (eds.), 1999, The Philosophy of Rawls: A Collection of Essays, 5 volumes, New York: Garland. (Scholar)
• Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 1762, The Social Contract, in R. Masters and C. Kelly (eds.), The Collected Writings of Rousseau (Volume IV), Hanover: University Press of New England. (Scholar)
• Sandel, Michael, 1982, Liberalism and the Limits of Justice, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• Shelby, Tommie, 2004, ‘Race and Social Justice: Rawlsian Considerations, Fordham Law Review, 72 (Symposium on John Rawls and the Law): 1697–1714 (Scholar)
• –––, 2013, ‘Racial Realities and Corrective Justice: A Reply to Charles Mills,’ Critical Philosophy of Race, 1 (2): 145–162. (Scholar)
• Scanlon, T.M., 1973 [1975], ‘Rawls’s Theory of Justice,’ University of Pennsylvania Law Review, 121 (1973): 1020–69; reprinted in N. Daniels (ed.), Reading Rawls, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1975, 169–205. (Scholar)
• –––, 1982, ‘Contractualism and Utilitarianism,’ in A. Sen & B. Williams, Utilitarianism and beyond, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 103–128. (Scholar)
• –––, 1998, What We Owe to Each Other, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, ch. 5. (Scholar)
• –––, 2003, ‘Rawls on Justification,’ in S. Freeman (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Rawls, 139–167. (Scholar)
• –––, 2004, Being Realistic About Reasons, Oxford: Oxford University Press (Scholar)
• Scheffler, Samuel, 2001, Boundaries and Allegiances, New York: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Schmidtz, David, 2018, ‘Ideal Theory,’ in The Oxford Handbook of Distributive Justice, Serena Olsaretti (ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Schouten, Gina, 2019, Liberalism, Neutrality, and the Gendered Division of Labor, Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Sen, Amartya, 2009, The Idea of Justice, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. (Scholar)
• Sidgwick, Henry, 1907 [1981], The Methods of Ethics, 7^th edition, Indianapolis: Hackett. (Scholar)
• Simmons, John, 2010, ‘Ideal and Nonideal Theory,’ Philosophy & Public Affairs, 38: 5–36. (Scholar)
• Stemplowska, Zofia and Adam Swift, 2012, ‘Ideal and Non-Ideal Theory,’ in The Oxford Handbook of Political Philosophy, Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Tan, Kok Chor, 2000, Toleration, Diversity and Global Justice, State College, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press. (Scholar)
• van Parijs, Philippe, 2003, ‘Difference Principles,’ in S. Freeman (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Rawls. (Scholar)
• Waldron, Jeremy, 1986, ‘John Rawls and the Social Minimum,’ Journal of Applied Philosophy, 3(1): 21–33. (Scholar)
• Weithman, Paul, 2013, Why Political Liberalism?: On John Rawls’s Political Turn, New York: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Williams, Bernard, 1981 Moral Luck, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• Wolf, Susan, 2014, The Variety of Values: Essays on Morality, Meaning and Love, New York: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)