Manuscripts

• Polqar, Isaac, ʿEzer ha-Dat [In Support of the Law], Breslau, Juedisch-theologisches Seminar Ms. 57 [F 40014, 46902].

Primary Sources

• Abner of Burgos (Alfonso of Valladolid), Minḥat Qenaot, Hebrew sections of the book, translated by Isaac Baer, in “The book of Minḥat Qenaot of Abner of Burgos and its influence on Rabbi Hasdai Crescas”, Tarbiz, 11(1939–40): 188–206. [The passages from the Minḥat Qenaot quoted in this entry are from an unpublished translation by Charles Manekin and included with permission from the translator.] (Scholar)
• –––, Teshuvot la-Meḥaref [Response to the Blasphemer] in Hecht 1993.
• Albalag, Isaac, Sefer Tiqqun ha-Deʿot, Georges Vajda, Jerusalem: The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities (1973). [Hebrew]
• Narboni, Moses, Iggeret ha-beḥira, [The Treatise on Choice], Divrei Ḥakhamim, Tel-Aviv (1970). English translation: Charles Manekin, Medieval Jewish Philosophical Writings, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (2007), 143–152. (Scholar)
• Polqar, Isaac, ʿEzer ha-Dat, George S. Belasco (ed.), London: J. Jacobs, 1906, under an English title The Support of Faith. [Belasco 1906 available online] (Scholar)
• –––, ʿEzer ha-Dat, critical edition by Jacob Levinger, Tel- Aviv University (1984). [Hebrew]
• –––, ʿEzer ha-Dat, Selected Chapters, Charles H. Manekin (trans.) in Medieval Political Philosophy: A Sourcebook, second edition, Joshua Parens and Josheph C. Macfarland (eds.), Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, (2011), 208–219.
• –––, Teshuvat Apikoros/Iggeret ha-Ḥarafot [A Response to the Heretic], in Hecht 1993.

Secondary Sources

• Baer, Isaac [Yitzhak], 1961, A History of The Jews in Christian Spain (2 volumes), Louis Schoffman (trans.), Philadelphia & Jerusalem: The Jewish Publication Society. [English] (Scholar)
• –––, 1959, A History of The Jews in Christian Spain (Toldot ha-Yehudim bi-Sefarad ha-Notsrit), Tel Aviv: ‘Am ‘Oved Publishing house. [Hebrew] (Scholar)
• –––, 1938, “Fragments from Castilian Poets on the Fourteen Century”, Minha Le-David: Collected Studies Offered for the Seventieth Birthday of David Yellin, Jerusalem: Ruben Mass, pp. 197–204. [Hebrew] (Scholar)
• –––, 1940, “The Book of Minḥat Qenaot and its influence on Hasdai Crescas”, Tabriz, 11: 188–206. [Hebrew] (Scholar)
• –––, 1909, “The Use of Kabbalah in the Christological Thought of Abner of Burgos”, Tarbiz, 16: 280–289. (Scholar)
• Belasco, S. George, 1904, “Isaac Pulgar’s ‘Support of the Religion’”, The Jewish Quarterly Review, 17(1): 26–56. doi:10.2307/1450876 (Scholar)
• Cohen, Jeremy, 1999, Living Letters of the Law: Ideas of the Jew in Medieval Christianity, Berkeley: University of California Press. (Scholar)
• –––, 1982, The Friars and the Jews: the Evolution of Medieval Anti-Judaism, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. (Scholar)
• Cole, Peter, 2007, The Dream of the Poem: Hebrew Poetry from Muslim and Christian Spain 950–1492, Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press. (Scholar)
• del Valle, Carlos, 1999, “La Contradiction del Hereje de Isaac Ben Polgar”, in Jewish Studies at the Turn of the Twentieth Century, Judit Targarona Borrás and Angel Sáenz-Badillos (eds.), Leiden: Brill, vol. 1, pp. 552–560. (Scholar)
• ––– (ed.), 1992, Polémica Judeo-Cristiana: Estudios (España Judia), Madrid: Aben Ezra Ediciones. (Scholar)
• Feldman, Seymour, 2000, “An Averroist Solution to a Maimonidean Perplexity”, Maimonidean Studies, New York: Yeshiva University, 4: 15–31. (Scholar)
• Gershenzon, Shoshana, 1984, A Study of Teshuvot La-Meḥaref by Abner of Burgos, Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Hebrew Literature in Jewish History; the Graduate School of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America. (Scholar)
• –––, 1984, “A Tale of Two Midrashim: The Legacy of Abner of Burgos”, Approaches to Judaism in Medieval Times, David R. Blumenthal (ed.), Atlanta: Scholars Press, vol. 3, pp. 133–145. (Scholar)
• –––, 1974, “Midrash and Exegesis in the Christological Argument of Abner of Burgos”, Hebrew Abstracts, 15: 96–100. (Scholar)
• –––, 1986, “The View of Maimonides as a Determinist in ‘Sefer Minḥat Qenaot’ by Abner of Burgos”, World Congress of Jewish Studies, 9(C): 93–100. (Scholar)
• Graetz, Heinrich, 1894, History of the Jews, volume 4, Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America. (Scholar)
• Guttmann, Julius, [1951] 1964, Philosophies of Judaism: The History of Jewish Philosophy from Biblical Times to Franz Rosenzweig (Filosofyah shel ha-Yahadut), David W. Silverman (trans.), New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston. The Hebrew version: Bialik Institute, Jerusalem (1951) which is a revised and enlarged version of Philosophie des Judentums (1933). (Scholar)
• Haliva, Racheli. 2020, Isaac Polqar – A Jewish Philosopher or a Philosopher and a Jew? Philosophy and Religion in Isaac Polqar’s ʿEzer ha-Dat and Teshuvat Apikoros, Berlin & Boston: De Gruyter. (Scholar)
• –––, 2019, “The Mosaic Commandments—an Anti-Skeptical Approach in Jewish Averroism,” in: Falsafa. Yearbook for Islamic Philosophy of Religion, Ahmad Milad Karimi (ed.), pp. 36–55. (Scholar)
• –––, 2018, The Origin of the World – An Anti-Sceptical Approach in Medieval Jewish Averroism, in: Scepticism and Anti-Scepticism in Jewish Philosophy and Thought, Racheli Haliva (ed.), Berlin & Boston: De Gruyter, pp. 130–145. (Scholar)
• Hecht, Jonathan L., 1993, The Polemical Exchange between Isaac Pollegar and Abner of Burgos/Alfonso of Valladolid according to Parma MS 2440, Ph.D. dissertation, Skirbal Department of Hebrew and Judaic Studies, New York University. (Scholar)
• Horbury, William, 2001, “Hebrew Apologetic and Polemical Literature”, Hebrew Scholarship and the Medieval World, Nicholas De Lange (ed.), Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, pp. 189–209. (Scholar)
• Hughes, Aaron W., 2008, The Art of Dialogue in Jewish Philosophy, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. (Scholar)
• Kaplan, Lawrence, 2009, “On Bridging the Divide between the History of Philosophy and Jewish Intellectual History” [review of Hughes 2007], H-Judaic, H-Net Reviews, January. URL = <http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=23604> (Scholar)
• Kasher, Hannah, 1998, “Why is the Land in Ruins? (Jeremiah 9:11): Religious Transgression versus Natural Historical Process in the Writing of Maimonides and His Disciples”, Hebrew Union College Annual, 69: 143–156. [Hebrew] (Scholar)
• Kogan, Barry S., 1988, “The Problem of Creation in Late Medieval Jewish Philosophy”, A Straight Path: Studies in Medieval Philosophy and Culture; Essays in Honor of Arthur Hyman, Ruth Link-Salinger (ed.), Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press, pp. 159–173. (Scholar)
• Kreisel, Howard, 2012, “Maimonides on the Eternity of the World”, Jewish Philosophy: Perspectives and Retrospectives , R. Jospe and D. Schwartz (eds.), Boston: Academic Studies Press, pp. 157–184. (Scholar)
• –––, 1994, “Maimonides’s Approach to Astrology”, World Congress of Jewish Studies, 11(2): 25–32. [Hebrew] (Scholar)
• Lasker, Daniel J., 1977, Jewish Philosophical Polemics Against Christianity in the Middle Ages, New York: Ktav Publishing Housre. Second edition, Oxford; Portland, OR: Littman Library of Jewish Civilization, 2007. (Scholar)
• –––, 1984, “Transubstantiation, Elijah’s Chair, Plato, and the Jewish-Christian Debate”, Revue des Etudes Juives, 143(1/2): 31–58. (Scholar)
• Loeb, Isadore, 1889, “Polémistes Chrétiens et Juifs en France et en Espagne”, Revue des Etudes Juives, 18: 43–70, 219–242. (Scholar)
• Manekin, Charles H. (ed.), 1997, Freedom and Moral Responsibility: General and Jewish Perspective, Bethesda, MD: University Press of Maryland. (Scholar)
• –––, 1997, “Hebrew Philosophy in the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries: An Overview”, in History of Jewish Philosophy, Daniel H. Frank & Oliver Leaman (eds.). London & New York: Routledge, pp. 350–378. (Scholar)
• –––, 2014, “Spinoza and the Determinist Tradition in Medieval Jewish Philosophy”, in Nadler 2014: 36–58. (Scholar)
• Melamed, Abraham, 2003, The Philosopher-King in Medieval and Renaissance Jewish Political Thought, Albany, NY: State University of New York Press. (Scholar)
• Menachem, David, 1992, Freedom of Choice According to Rabbi Isaac Polqar, M.A. Thesis, Tel-Aviv University. [Hebrew] (Scholar)
• Nadler, Steven (ed.), 2014, Spinoza and Medieval Jewish Philosophy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• Pines, Shlomo, 1986, “Some Topics on Polqar’s Treatise ʿEzerha-Dat and their parallels in Spinoza’s view”, in Studies in Jewish Mysticism, Philosophy and Ethical Literature, Presented to Isaiah Tishby on his Seventy-Five Birthday, Joseph Dan and Joseph Hacker (eds.) Jerusalem: Hotsaʼat Sefarim ʻa. sh. Y.L. Magnes, ha-Universiṭah ha-ʻIvrit, pp. 395–457. [Hebrew] (Scholar)
• –––, 1987, “Spinoza’s Tractatus Theologico-Politicus and the Jewish Philosophical Tradition”, Jewish Thought in the Seventeenth Century, Isadore Twersky and Bernard Septimus (eds.), Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, pp. 499–521. (Scholar)
• –––, 1964, “The Probability of the Re-establishment of the Jewish State According to Joseph Ibn Caspi and Spinoza”, Iyyun, 14: 289–317. [Hebrew] (Scholar)
• Rosenthal, Judah, 1961, “The Third Letter of Abner of Burgos”, Studies in Bibliography and Booklore, 5(Hebrew section): 41–51. [Hebrew] (Scholar)
• Roth, Norman. [1995] 2002, Conversos, Inquisition, and the Expulsion of the Jews from Spain, Madison, WI: The University of Wisconsin Press. (Scholar)
• –––, 1992, “Isaac Polgar y su Libro Contra un Converso”, in Del Valle 1992: 67–73. (Scholar)
• Sadik, Shalom, 2015, “Negation of Political Success in the Thought of Rabbi Isaac Pulgar,” AJS 39:1, 1–13. [Hebrew] (Scholar)
• –––, 2014, “God’s Will, God’s Knowledge and Human’s Will in the Thought of Rabbi Isaac Polqar”, Daʿat 76: 147–172. [Hebrew] (Scholar)
• –––, 2011, Trinity and Determinism in the Thought of Abner of Burgos, Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Ben Gurion. (Scholar)
• –––, 2005, The Essence of the Will and the Philosophical Method of Rabbi Isaac Polqar, M.A. Thesis, Hebrew University. [Hebrew] (Scholar)
• Schwarz, Dov, 2011, “Astral Magic and Specific Properties (Segullot) in Medieval Jewish Thought”, in Science in Medieval Jewish Cultures, Gad Freudenthal (ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 301–319. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511976575.020 (Scholar)
• –––, 2004,Astrology and Magic in the Medieval Jewish Thought, Ramat-Gan: Bar Ilan University. [Hebrew] (Scholar)
• –––, 1991a, “Creation in the Neo-Platonic Jewish Thought in the 14th Century”, Tarbiz, 60(4): 593–623. [Hebrew] (Scholar)
• –––, 1991b, “Different Forms of Magic in the Jewish Though in the 14^th Century”, American Academy for Jewish Research, 57: 17–47. doi:10.2307/3622660 [Hebrew] (Scholar)
• –––, 1990, “Prophecy According to Rabbi Isaac Polqar, Rabbi Shlomo Al-Konstantin, and Spinoza”, Asufot, 4: 57–72. [Hebrew] (Scholar)
• Sirat, Collette, 1996, A History of Jewish Philosophy in the Middle Ages, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Based on La philosophie juive au Moyen Age, Paris: Editions du Centre national de la recherche scientifique, 1983. (Scholar)
• –––, 1975, “Deux philosophes juifs répondent à Abner de Burgos à propos du libre-arbitre humain et de l’omniscience divine”, in Mélanges offerts à André Neher. E. Amado Lévy-Valensi (ed.), Paris: Adrien Maisonneuve, pp. 87–94. (Scholar)
• Steinschneider, Moritz, 1931, Catalogus librorum hebraeorum in bibliotheca Bodleiana, Berlin: Welt-Verlag. (Scholar)
• –––, 1857, Jewish Literature from the Eighth to the Eighteenth Century, William Spottiswoode (trans.), New York: Hermon Press. Translated, with alterations, from the author’s “Jüdische Literatur” in Ersch & Gruber’s Allgemeine Encyklopädie der Wissenschaften und Künste, Leipzig, 1850, 2d section, v. 27, p. 357–471. (Scholar)
• Szpiech, Ryan Wesley, 2006, From “Testimonia” to Testimony: Thirteenth-Century Anti-Jewish Polemic and the “Mostrador de Justicia” of Abner of Burgos/Alfonso de Valladolid, Doctoral dissertation, Yale University, May. [Szpiech 2006 available online] (Scholar)
• Vajda, Georges, 1960, Isaac Albalag: Averroïste Juif, Traducteur et Annotateur d’Al-Ghazâlî (Etudes de philosophie médiévale, 49), Paris: J. Vrin. (Scholar)
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