Original Sources

• Bacon, Francis, 1620, The New Organon, Lisa Jardine and Michael Silverthorne (eds.), New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000. (Scholar)
• Boyle, Robert, 1666, Origine of Forms and Qualitifes, in Volume 5, The Works of Robert Boyle, Michael Hunter and Edward B. Davis (eds.), 14 vols., London: Pickering & Chatto, 2000. (Scholar)
• Leibniz, G. W., 1704, Nouveaux Essais sur l’Entendement Humain, Peter Remnant and Jonathan Bennett (eds.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. (Scholar)
• Locke, John, The Works of John Locke, 10 volumes, London: Otridge and Son, 1812.
• –––, 1689, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, P. H. Nidditch (ed.), Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1975. (Scholar)
• Sergeant, John, 1697, Solid Philosophy Asserted Against the Fancies of the Ideists, New York: Garland Publishing, 1984. (Scholar)
• Stillingfleet, Edward, 1697, A Discourse in Vindication of the Doctrine of the Trinity, London: Mortlock; quotations are from the passages quoted in The Works of John Locke, op. cit. (Scholar)

General Studies of Locke

• Anstey, Peter (ed.), 2003, The Philosophy of John Locke: New perspectives, New York: Routledge. (Scholar)
• Ayers, Michael, 1996, Locke: Epistemology and Ontology, 2 vols., New York: Routledge. (Scholar)
• Chappell, Vere (ed.), 1999, The Cambridge Companion to John Locke, New York: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• Gordon-Roth, Jessica and Shelley Weinberg (eds.), 2022, The Lockean Mind, New York: Routledge. (Scholar)
• Jolley, Nicholas, 1999, Locke: His Philosophical Thought, New York: Oxford University Press. (Scholar) (Scholar) (Scholar)
• Lowe, E.J., 1995, Locke on Human Understanding, New York: Routledge. (Scholar)
• Mackie, J. L., 1976, Problems From Locke, Oxford: Clarendon Press. (Scholar)
• Newman, Lex (ed.), 2007, The Cambridge Companion to Locke’s Essay Concerning Human Understanding, New York: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• Pyle, A.J., 2013, Locke, Cambridge: Polity Press. (Scholar)
• Stuart, Matthew, 2013, Locke’s Metaphysics, New York: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Stuart, Matthew (ed.), 2016, A Companion to Locke, Malden: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. (Scholar)

Interpretations of Locke on Real Essences

• Anstey, Peter, 2011, John Locke and Natural Philosophy, New York: Oxford University Press. (Scholar) (Scholar)
• Atherton, Margaret, 2007, “Locke on Essences and Classification,” in The Cambridge Companion to Locke’s Essay Concerning Human Understanding, Lex Newman (ed.), New York: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• Ayers, Michael, 1975, “The Ideas of Power and Substance in Locke’s Philosophy,” Philosophical Quarterly, 25(98): 1–27. (Scholar)
• –––, 1981, “Mechanism, Superaddition and the Proof of God’s Existence in Locke’s Essay,” Philosophical Review, 90(2): 210–251. (Scholar)
• –––, 1996, Locke: Epistemology and Ontology, 2 vols., New York: Routledge. (Scholar)
• Conn, Christopher Hughes, 2002, “Locke on Natural Kinds and Essential Properties,” Journal of Philosophical Research, 27: 475–497. (Scholar) (Scholar)
• Connolly, Patrick J., 2015, “Lockean Superaddition and Lockean Humility,” Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, 51: 53–61. (Scholar)
• Crane, Judith, 2003, “Locke’s Theory of Classification,” British Journal for the History of Philosophy, 11: 249–259. (Scholar)
• Downing, Lisa, 1992, “Are Corpuscles Unobservable in Principle for Locke?” Journal of the History of Philosophy, 30: 33–52. (Scholar)
• –––, 2007, “Locke’s Ontology,” in Lex Newman (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Locke’s Essay Concerning Human Understanding, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• Goodin, Susanna, 1998, “Why knowledge of the internal constitution is not the same as knowledge of the real essence and why this matters,” Southwest Philosophy Review, 14(1): 149–155. (Scholar)
• Guyer, Paul, 1995, “Locke’s Philosophy of Language,” in The Cambridge Companion to Locke, Vere Chappell (ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• Hinton, Beverly, 2006, “Locke on Adequacy to an Archetype and Real Essence,” Locke Studies: An Annual Journal of Locke Research, 6: 59–83. (Scholar)
• Jolley, Nicholas, 1999, Locke: His Philosophical Thought, New York: Oxford University Press. (Scholar) (Scholar)
• Jones, Jan-Erik, 2007, “Locke vs. Boyle: The Real Essence of Corpuscular Species,” British Journal for the History of Philosophy, 15(4): 659–684. (Scholar) (Scholar)
• –––, 2010, “Locke on Real Essences, Intelligibility and Natural Kinds,” Journal of Philosophical Research, 35: 147—72. (Scholar) (Scholar)
• McCann, Edwin, 1985, “Lockean Mechanism,” in Philosophy, Its History and Historiog­raphy, A. J. Holland (ed.), Dordrecht: Reidel, 209–231. (Scholar)
• Ott, Walter, 2004, Locke’s Philosophy of Language, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• Owen, David, 1991, “Locke on Real Essences,” History of Philosophy Quarterly, 8: 105–118. (Scholar)
• Phemister, Pauline, 1990, “Real Essences in Particular,” Locke Newsletter, 21: 27–55. (Scholar) (Scholar)
• Rozemond, Marleen and Gideon Yaffe, 2004, “Peach Trees, Gravity and God: Mechanism in Locke,” British Journal for the History of Philosophy, 12(3): 387–412. (Scholar) (Scholar)
• Shapiro, Lionel, 1999, “Toward ‘Perfect Collections of Properties’: Locke on the Constitution of Substantial Sorts,” Canadian Journal of Philosophy, 29(4): 551–592. (Scholar)
• Stanford, P. Kyle, 1998, “Reference and Natural Kind Terms: The Real Essence of Locke’s View,” Pacific Philosophical Quarterly, 79(1): 78–97. (Scholar)
• Vienne, Jean-Michele, 1993, “Locke on Real Essences and Internal Constitution,” Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society (New Series), 93: 139—153. (Scholar)
• Wilson, Margaret, 1979, “Superadded Properties: The Limits of Mechanism in Locke,” American Philosophical Quarterly, 16: 143–150. (Scholar)
• Winkler, Kenneth, 2016, “Locke on Essence and the Social Construction of Kinds,” in A Companion to Locke, Matthew Stuart (ed), Malden: Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 212–235. (Scholar)
• Woolhouse, Roger, 1971, Locke’s Philosophy of Science and Knowledge, Oxford: Blackwell. (Scholar)
• Yost, R. M., Jr, 1951, “Locke’s Rejection of Hypotheses about Sub-Microscopic Events,” Journal of the History of Ideas, 12(1): 111–130. (Scholar)

Interpretations of Locke on Natural Kinds

• Anstey, Peter, 2011, John Locke and Natural Philosophy, New York: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Ayers, Michael, 1981, “Mechanism, Superaddition and the Proof of God’s Existence in Locke’s Essay,” Philosophical Review, 90: 210–251. (Scholar)
• –––, 1996, Locke: Epistemology and Ontology, 2 vols., New York: Routledge. (Scholar)
• Boyd, Richard, 1991, “Realism, Anti-Foundationalism and the Enthusiasm for Natural Kinds,” Philosophical Studies, 61: 126–148. (Scholar)
• Conn, Christopher Hughes, 2002, “Locke on Natural Kinds and Essential Properties,” Journal of Philosophical Research, 27: 475–497. (Scholar)
• Crane, Judith, 2003, “Locke’s Theory of Classification,” British Journal for the History of Philosophy, 11: 249–259. (Scholar)
• Goodin, Susanna, 1997, “A Refutation of the Possibility of Real Species in Locke,” The Locke Newsletter, 28: 67–75. (Scholar)
• Guyer, Paul, 1995, “Locke’s Philosophy of Language,” in The Cambridge Companion to Locke, Vere Chappell (ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• Jolley, Nicholas, 1999, Locke: His Philosophical Thought, New York: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Jones, Jan-Erik, 2007, “Locke vs. Boyle: The Real Essence of Corpuscular Species,” British Journal for the History of Philosophy, 15(4): 659–684. (Scholar)
• –––, 2010, “Locke on Real Essences, Intelligibility and Natural Kinds,” Journal of Philosophical Research, 35: 147—72. (Scholar)
• Kaufman, Dan, 2007, “Locke on Individuation and the Corpuscular Basis of Kinds,” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 75(3): 499—534. (Scholar)
• Kornblith, Hilary, 1993, Inductive Inference and its Natural Ground, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. (Scholar)
• Kuklok, Allison, 2018, “Strings, Physies, and Hogs Bristles: Names, Species and Classification in Locke,” Locke Studies, 18: 1—27. (Scholar)
• –––2022, “Locke on Essences,” The Lockean Mind, Jessica Gordon-Roth and Shelley Weinberg (eds.), New York: Routledge, 309–320. (Scholar)
• Leary, Nigel, 2009, “How Essentialists Misunderstand Locke,” History of Philosophy Quarterly, 26(3): 273—292. (Scholar)
• Lowe, E.J., 2011, “Locke on Real Essence and Water as a Natural Kind: A Qualified Defence,” Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society (Supplement), 85: 1—20. (Scholar)
• Phemister, Pauline, 1990, “Real Essences in Particular,” Locke Newsletter, 21: 27–55. (Scholar)
• Rozemond, Marleen and Gideon Yaffe, 2004, “Peach Trees, Gravity and God: Mechanism in Locke,” British Journal for the History of Philosophy, 12(3): 387–412. (Scholar)
• Shapiro, Lionel, 1999, “Toward ‘Perfect Collections of Properties’: Locke on the Constitution of Substantial Sorts,” Canadian Journal of Philosophy, 29(4): 551–592. (Scholar)
• Stanford, P. Kyle, 1998, “Reference and Natural Kind Terms: The Real Essence of Locke’s View,” Pacific Philosophical Quarterly, 79(1): 78–97. (Scholar)
• Stuart, Matthew, 1999, “Locke on Natural Kinds,” History of Philosophy Quarterly, 16(3): 277–296. (Scholar)
• Winkler, Kenneth, 2016, “Locke on Essence and the Social Construction of Kinds,” in A Companion to Locke, Matthew Stuart (ed), Malden: Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 212–235. (Scholar)
• Uzgalis, William, 1988, “The Anti-Essential Locke and Natural Kinds,” The Philosophical Quarterly, 38: 330–339. (Scholar)