Primary Sources

Note: Not all primary sources mentioned are included below. For further bibliographical references, especially to manuscripts and early printed books, consult the books and articles by Ashworth.

• Albert of Saxony. Perutilis Logica, Venice: 1522; reprinted Hildesheim-New York: Georg Olms, 1974. (Scholar)
• Boethius of Dacia. “The Sophisma ‘Every Man is of Necessity an Animal’,” in Norman Kretzmann and Eleonore Stump (eds.), Logic and the Philosophy of Language (The Cambridge Translations of Medieval Philosophical Texts: Volume 1), Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press, 1988. (Scholar)
• Domingo de Soto. Summulae, Salamanca: 1554–55; reprinted Hildesheim-New York: Georg Olms, 1980. (Scholar)
• John Buridan. Kommentar zur Aristotelischen Metaphysik. Paris: 1588 [actually 1518]; reprinted as In Metaphysicen Aristotelis Quaestiones, Frankfurt a. M.: Minerva, 1964. (Scholar)
• John Buridan. Kommentar zur Aristotelischen Physik, Paris: 1509; reprinted as Questiones super octo physicorum libros Aristotelis, Frankfurt a. M.: Minerva, 1964). (Scholar)
• John Buridan. Quaestiones de Anima, in John Alexander Zupko, John Buridan’s Philosophy of Mind: An Edition and Translation of Book III of His ‘Questions on Aristotle’s De Anima’ (Third Redaction), with Commentary and Critical and Interpretative Essays, Cornell University: Doctoral Dissertation, 1989. (Scholar)
• John Buridan. Summulae de Dialectica, Gyula Klima (trans.), New Haven-London: Yale University Press, 2001.
• John Dorp, Commentary on Johannes Buridanus, Compendium Totius Logicae, Venice 1499; reprinted Frankfurt a. M.: Minerva, 1965. (Scholar)
• Lambert of Lagny (or Auxerre). Logica (Summa Lamberti), Franco Alessio (ed.), Florence: La Nuova Italia Editrice, 1971.
• Nicholas of Amsterdam. Commentary on the Old Logic, Egbert P. Bos (ed.), Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2016.
• Paul of Venice. Logica Magna (Part I, Fascicule I) (Tractatus de Terminis), Norman Kretzmann (ed. and trans.), Oxford: Oxford University Press for the British Academy, 1979.
• Peter Abelard. Petrus Abaelardus Dialectica, L. M. de Rijk (ed.), Assen: Van Gorcum, 1970.
• Petrus Helias. Summa super Priscianum, Leo Reilly (ed.), 2 volumes, Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 1993.
• Porphyry. Isagoge in Aristoteles Latinus. I. 6–7. Categoriarum supplementa, Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1966.
• Priscian. Institutionum grammaticarum libri XVIII, Martin Hertz (ed.), in Grammatici Latini, volumes 2 and 3, Heinrich Keil (ed.), Leipzig: Teubner, 1855; reprinted Hildesheim-New York: Georg Olms, 1981. (Scholar)
• Roger Bacon. Compendium of the Study of Theology, T. S. Maloney (ed. and trans.), Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1988.
• Thomas of Erfurt. Grammatica Speculativa, G. L. Bursill-Hall (ed. and trans.), London: Longman, 1972.
• William of Ockham. Summa Logicae, P. Boehner, G. Gál, and S. Brown (eds.), Opera Philosophica I., St. Bonaventure, NY: The Franciscan Institute, 1974.
• William of Sherwood. Introductiones in Logicam, H. Brands and C. Kann (ed. and German trans.), Hamburg: Felix Meiner, 1995.

Secondary Sources

• Ashworth, E. J., 1982 [1985], “The Structure of Mental Language: Some Problems Discussed by Early Sixteenth Century Logicians,” Vivarium, 20 (1982): 59–83; reprinted in eadem, Studies in Post-Medieval Semantics, London: Variorum Reprints, 1985. (Scholar)
• –––, 2003, “L’équivocité, l’univocité et les noms propres,” in Joël Biard and Irène Rosier (eds.), La tradition médiévale des Catégories — XIIe–XIVe siècles, Louvain: Peeters, pp. 127–40.
• –––, 2004a, “Singular Terms and Singular Concepts: From Buridan to the Early Sixteenth Century,” in Sten Ebbesen and Russell L. Friedman (eds.), John Buridan and Beyond: Topics in the Language Sciences, 1300–1700, Copenhagen: The Royal Danish Academy of Science and Letters, pp. 121–51. (Scholar)
• –––, 2004b, “Singular Terms and Predication in Some Late Fifteenth and Sixteenth Century Thomistic Logicians,” in Alfonso Maierù and Luisa Valente (eds.), Medieval Theories on Assertive and Non-Assertive Language, Florence: Olschki, pp. 517–36. (Scholar)
• Bakker, Paul J. J. M., 1997, “Hoc est corpus meum, L’analyse de la formule de consécration chez les théologiens du XIVe et XVe siècles,” in Costantino Marmo (ed.), Vestigia, Imagines, Verba: Semiotics and Logic in Medieval Theological Texts (XIIth-XIVth Century, Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 427–51. (Scholar)
• Brumberg-Chaumont, Julie, 2005, “La nomination du singulier dans les Quaestiones super Metaphysicam, de Geoffroy d’Aspall,” Archives d’histoire doctrinale et littéraire du moyen âge, 72: 47–103. (Scholar)
• –––, 2007, “Sémantiques du nom propre: sources anciennes et discussions médiévales à l’époque d’Abélard,” Histoire Épistémologie Langage, 29: 137–166.
• –––, 2013. “The Role of Discrete Terms in the Theory of the Properties of Terms,” Vivarium, 51: 169–204. (Scholar)
• Brunschwig, Jacques, 1984, “Remarques sur la théorie Stoïcienne du nom propre,” Histoire Épistémologie Langage, 6: 3–19. (Scholar)
• Dutilh-Novaes, Catarina, 2012. “A Medieval Solution to the Problem of Empty Names,” in C. Dutilh-Novaes and O. Thomasen Hjortland (eds.), Insolubles and Consequences, Essays in Honour of Stephen Read, London: College Publications, pp. 73–92. (Scholar)
• Ebbesen, Sten, 1987, “Talking about what is no more. Texts by Peter of Cornwall(?), Richard of Clive, Simon of Faversham, and Radulphus Brito. A Supplement to CIMAGL 3,” Cahiers de l’institut du moyen-âge grec et latin, 55: 135–68. (Scholar)
• Gracia, Jorge J. E., 1984, Introduction to the Problem of Individuation in the Early Middle Ages, Washington, D.C.: The Catholic University of America Press. (Scholar)
• Knuuttila, Simo, 1993, “Trinitarian Sophisms in Robert Holcot’s Theology,” in Stephen Read (ed.), Sophisms in Medieval Logic and Grammar, Dordrecht, Boston, London: Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 348–56. (Scholar)
• Libera, Alain de, 1991a, “Roger Bacon et la référence vide: sur quelques antécédents médiévaux du paradoxe de Meinong,” in J. Jolivet, Z. Kaluza, and A. de Libera (eds.), Lectionum Varietates: Hommage à Paul Vignaux (1904–1987), Paris: J. Vrin, pp. 85–120. (Scholar)
• –––, 1991b, César et le Phénix. Distinctiones et Sophismata Parisiens du XIIIe Siécle, Pisa: Scuola Normale Superiore. (Scholar)
• Libera, Alain de and Iréne Rosier-Catach, 1997, “L’analyse scotiste de la formule de la consécration eucharistique,” in Costantino Marmo (ed.), Vestigia, Imagines, Verba: Semiotics and Logic in Medieval Theological Texts XIIth-XIVth Century, Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 171–201.
• Maierù, Alfonso, 1988, “Logic and Trinitarian Theology: De Modo Predicandi ac Sylogizandi in Divinis,” in Norman Kretzmann (ed.), Meaning and Inference in Medieval Philosophy (Synthese Historical Library, 32), Dordrecht, Boston, London: Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 247–95. (Scholar)
• Perreiah, Alan R., 1972, “Buridan and the Definite Description,” Journal of the History of Philosophy, 10: 153–60. (Scholar)
• Pluta, Olaf, 2001, “Buridan’s Theory of Identity,” in J. M. M. H. Thijssen and Jack Zupko (eds.), The Metaphysics and Natural Philosophy of John Buridan, Leiden-Boston-Köln: Brill, pp. 49–64. (Scholar)
• Rosier, Irène, 1990, “Signes et sacraments: Thomas d’Aquin et la grammaire spéculative,” Revue des sciences philosophiques et théologiques, 74: 392–36. (Scholar)