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• –––, 2019, The Trinity: A Philosophical Investigation, London: SCM Press. (Scholar)
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• –––, 2019, “No New Solutions to the Logical Problem of the Trinity”, Journal of Applied Logics, 6(2): 1051–91. (Scholar)
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• Craig, W. L., 2005, “Does the Problem of Material Constitution Illuminate the Doctrine of the Trinity?”, Faith and Philosophy, 22(1): 77–86. (Scholar)
• –––, 2006, “Trinity Monotheism Once More: A Response to Daniel Howard-Snyder”, Philosophia Christi, 8(1): 101–13. (Scholar)
• –––, 2019, “Is God the Son Begotten in His Divine Nature?”, TheoLogica, 3(1): 22–32. (Scholar)
• Cotnoir, A.J., 2017, “Mutual Indwelling”, Faith and Philosophy, 34(2): 123–51. (Scholar)
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• –––, 2007, “Quid tres? On What Precisely Augustine Professes Not to Understand in De Trinitate 5 and 7”, Harvard Theological Review, 100(2): 215–32. (Scholar)
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• –––, 2012, “Medieval Trinitarianism and Modern Theology” in Rethinking Trinitarian Theology, R. Woźniak and G. Maspero (eds.), New York: T. & T. Clark , pp. 26–43 (Scholar)
• Davidson, M., 2016, “The Logical Space of Social Trinitarianism”, Faith and Philosophy, 33(3): 333–57. (Scholar)
• Davis, S., 1999, “A Somewhat Playful Proof of the Social Trinity in Five Easy Steps”, Philosophia Christi, 1(2): 103–105. (Scholar)
• –––, 2003, “Perichoretic Monotheism: A Defense of a Social Theory of the Trinity”, in The Trinity: East/West Dialogue, M. Y. Stewart (ed.), Boston: Kluwer, pp. 35–52. (Scholar)
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• Davis, S., and E. Yang, 2017, “Social Trinitarianism Unscathed”, Journal of Analytic Theology, 5: 220–9. (Scholar)
• Dolezal, J. E., 2011, God without Parts: Divine Simplicity and the Metaphysics of God’s Absoluteness, Eugene, OR: Pickwick Publications. (Scholar)
• Effingham, N., 2015, “Multiple Location and Christian Philosophical Theology”, Faith and Philosophy, 32(1): 25–44. (Scholar)
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• Geach, P. T., 1972, “Identity”, in his Logic Matters, Berkeley: University of California Press, pp. 238–47. (Scholar)
• –––, 1972, “Identity—a Reply”, in his Logic Matters, Berkeley: University of California Press, pp. 247–9. (Scholar)
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• Hasker, W., 2009, “A Leftovian Trinity?”, Faith and Philosophy 26(2): 154–66. (Scholar)
• –––, 2010a, “Has a Trinitarian God Deceived Us?”, in Philosophical and Theological Essays on the Trinity, T. McCall and M. Rea (eds.), New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 38–51. (Scholar)
• –––, 2010b, “Constitution and the Trinity: The Brower-Rea Proposal”, Faith and Philosophy, 27(3): 321–9. (Scholar)
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• –––, 2011, “Deception and the Trinity: A Rejoinder to Tuggy”, Religious Studies, 47(1): 117–20. (Scholar)
• –––, 2012, “Dancers, Rugby Players, and Trinitarian Persons”, Faith and Philosophy, 29(3): 325–33. (Scholar)
• –––, 2013a, “How to Think About the Trinity,” in Christian Philosophy of Religion, C. Ruloff (ed.), Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, pp. 105–27. (Scholar)
• –––, 2013b, Metaphysics and the Tri-Personal God, New York: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• –––, 2016, “Is Divine Simplicity a Mistake?”, American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly, 90(4): 699–725. (Scholar)
• –––, 2017, “‘God’s Only Begotten Son’: A Reply to R.T. Mullins”, European Journal for Philosophy of Religion, 9(4): 217–37. (Scholar)
• –––, 2018a, “The One Divine Nature”, TheoLogica, 3(2): 1–20. (Scholar)
• –––, 2018b, “Can a Latin Theory Be Social? A Response to Scott Williams,” Faith and Philosophy, 35(3): 356–66. (Scholar)
• Howard-Snyder, D., 2003, “Trinity Monotheism”, Philosophia Christi, 5(2): 375–403. (Scholar)
• –––, 2015a, “Trinity”, in The Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Taylor and Francis. Retrieved 6 Jun. 2020, from https://www.rep.routledge.com/articles/thematic/Trinity/v-2. (Scholar)
• –––, 2015b, “[Review of:] William Hasker: Metaphysics and the Tri-Personal God”, Faith and Philosophy, 32(1): 106–15. (Scholar)
• –––, 2016, “Two Peas in a Single Polytheistic Pod: John Hick and Richard Swinburne”, Journal of Philosophical Research, 41(Issue Supplement, Selected Papers in Honor of William P. Alston): 17–32. (Scholar)
• Hughes, C., 2009, “Defending the Consistency of the Doctrine of the Trinity” in Philosophical and Theological Essays on the Trinity, T. McCall and M. Rea (eds.), New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 293–313 (Scholar)
• Jaskolla, L., 2015, “[Review of] Vlastimil Vohánka, Modality, Logical Probability, and the Trinity: In Defence of a Weak Scepticism”, Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews, https://ndpr.nd.edu/news/modality-logical-probability-and-the-trinity-in-defence-of-a-weak-scepticism/. (Scholar)
• Jedwab, J., 2015, “Against the Geachian Theory of the Trinity and Incarnation”, Faith and Philosophy, 32(2): 125–45. (Scholar)
• Jedwab, J. and J. Keller, 2019, “Paraphrase and the Doctrine of the Trinity”, Faith and Philosophy, 36(2): 173–94. (Scholar)
• Kleinschmidt, S., 2012, “Many-One Identity and the Trinity” in J. Kvanvig (ed.), Oxford Studies in Philosophy of Religion, Volume 4, New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 84–96. (Scholar)
• Layman, C., 1988, “Tritheism and the Trinity”, Faith and Philosophy: 5(3): 291–8. (Scholar)
• –––, 2016, Philosophical Approaches to the Atonement, Incarnation, and the Trinity, New York: Palgrave Macmillan. (Scholar)
• Lebens, S. and D. Tuggy, 2019, “Dormant Dispositions, Agent Value, and the Trinity”, Journal of Analytic Theology, 7: 142–55. (Scholar)
• Leftow, B., 1999, “Anti Social Trinitarianism”, in The Trinity : An Interdisciplinary Symposium on the Trinity, S. T. Davis, D. Kendall and G. O’Collins (eds.), New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 203–49. (Scholar)
• –––, 2004, “A Latin Trinity”, Faith and Philosophy, 21(3): 304–33. (Scholar)
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• –––, 2018, “The Trinity is Unconstitutional”, Religious Studies, 54(3): 1–18. (Scholar)
• Long, J., 2019, “Mystery of the Trinity: a Reply to Einar Bøhn”, Sophia, 58: 301–7. (Scholar)
• Makin, M., 2018, “God from God: the Essential Dependence Model of Eternal Generation”, Religious Studies, 54(3): 377–94. (Scholar)
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• –––, 1979, “God, Emperor and Relative Identity”, Franciscan Studies, 39: 180–91. (Scholar)
• McCall, T., 2003, “Social Trinitarianism and Tritheism Again: A Response to Brian Leftow”, Philosophia Christi, 5(2): 405–30. (Scholar)
• –––, 2010, Which Trinity? Whose Monotheism? Philosophical and Systematic Theologians on the Metaphysics of Trinitarian Theology, Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans. (Scholar)
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• –––, 2014b, “Response to Stephen R. Holmes” in Two Views on the Doctrine of the Trinity, J. Sexton (ed.), Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan, pp. 55–60. (Scholar)
• –––, 2014c, “Relational Trinity: Creedal Perspective” in Two Views on the Doctrine of the Trinity, J. Sexton (ed.), Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan, pp. 113–38. (Scholar)
• McIntosh, C., 2016, “The God of the Groups: Social Trinitarianism and Group Agency”, Religious Studies, 52(2): 167–86. (Scholar)
• Merricks, T., 2006, “Split Brains and the Godhead”, in Knowledge and Reality: Essays in Honor of Alvin Plantinga, T. Crisp, M. Davidson and D. Vander Laan (eds.), Dordrecht: Springer, pp. 299–326. (Scholar)
• Molto, D., 2018, “The Mereology of Latin Trinitarianism”, Religious Studies, 54(Special Edition 3): 395–418. (Scholar)
• Mooney, J., 2018, “A New Logical Problem for the Doctrine of the Trinity”, Religious Studies, 54(1): 1–13. (Scholar)
• –––, 2020, “An Episodic Account of Divine Personhood”, Religious Studies, 1–15. (Scholar)
• Moreland, J. P. and W. L. Craig, 2017 [2003], Philosophical Foundations for a Christian Worldview, 2nd ed., Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press. (Scholar)
• Mosser, C., 2009, “Fully Social Trinitarianism”, in Philosophical and Theological Essays on the Trinity, T. McCall and M. Rea (eds.), New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 131–50. (Scholar)
• Mullins, R.T., 2013, “Simply Impossible: A Case Against Divine Simplicity”, Journal of Reformed Theology, 7: 181–203. (Scholar)
• –––, 2016, “Divine Atemporality, the Trinity, and the Charge of Arianism”, Journal of Analytic Theology, 4: 267–90. (Scholar)
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• Page, B., 2017, “The ‘Power’-ful Trinity”, European Journal for Philosophy of Religion, 9(3): 155–80. (Scholar)
• Pawl, T., 2020, “Conciliar Trinitarianism, Divine Identity Claims, and Subordination”, TheoLogica, 4(2): 1–27. (Scholar)
• Pickup, M., 2016, “The Trinity and Extended Simples”, Faith and Philosophy, 33(4): 414–40. (Scholar)
• Plantinga, C., 1988, “The Threeness/Oneness Problem of the Trinity”, Calvin Theological Journal, 23: 37–53. (Scholar)
• –––, 1989, “Social Trinity and Tritheism”, in R. Feenstra (ed.), Trinity, Incarnation, and Atonement, South Bend, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, pp. 21–47. (Scholar)
• Rea, M., 2003, “Relative Identity and the Doctrine of the Trinity”, Philosophia Christi, 5(2): 431–45. (Scholar)
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• –––, 2011, “Hylomorphism and the Incarnation”, in The Metaphysics of the Incarnation, A. Marmodoro and J. Hill (eds.), Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 134–52. (Scholar)
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• –––, 2018, “The Social Theory of the Trinity”, Religious Studies, 54(Special Issue 3): 419–37. (Scholar)
• Tuggy, D., 2003a, “The Unfinished Business of Trinitarian Theorizing”, Religious Studies, 39: 165–83. (Scholar)
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• –––, 2013a, “Constitution Trinitarianism: An Appraisal”, Philosophy and Theology, 25(1): 129–62. (Scholar)
• –––, 2013b, “Hasker’s Quests for a Viable Social Theory”, Faith and Philosophy, 30(2): 171–87. (Scholar)
• –––, 2014, “Divine Deception and Monotheism”, Journal of Analytic Theology, 2: 186–209. (Scholar)
• –––, 2015, “On the Possibility of a Single Perfect Person,” in Christian Philosophy of Religion, C. Ruloff (ed.), Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, pp. 128–48. (Scholar)
• –––, 2016a, “Tertullian the Unitarian”, European Journal for Philosophy of Religion, 8(3): 179–99. (Scholar)
• –––, 2016b, “Metaphysics and Logic of the Trinity”, Oxford Handbooks Online, https://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935314.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199935314-e-27 (Scholar)
• –––, 2017, What is the Trinity? Thinking about the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, North Charleston, SC: CreateSpace. (Scholar)
• –––, 2019, “The Unfinished Business of the Reformation”, in Herausforderungen und Modifikationen des klassischen Theismus: Band 1: Trinität, T. Marschler and T. Schärtl (eds.), Munster: Aschendorff Verlag, pp. 199–227. (Scholar)
• –––, 2020, “When and How in the History of Theology Did the Triune God Replace the Father as the Only True God?”, TheoLogica, 4(2): 1–25. (Scholar)
• van Inwagen, P., 1995, “And Yet They Are Not Three Gods But One God”, in his God, Knowledge, and Mystery, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, pp. 222–59. (Scholar)
• –––, 2003, “Three Persons in One Being: On Attempts to Show That the Doctrine of the Trinity is Self-Contradictory”, in The Trinity: East/West Dialogue, M. Y. Stewart (ed.), Boston: Kluwer, pp. 83–97. (Scholar)
• van Inwagen, P. and D. Howard-Snyder, 1998, “Trinity”, in The Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Taylor and Francis. Retrieved 6 Jun. 2020, from https://www.rep.routledge.com/articles/thematic/trinity/v-1/sections/swinburnes-theory. (Scholar)
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• Williams, S., 2013, “Indexicals and the Trinity: Two Non-Social Models”, Journal of Analytic Theology, 1(1): 74–94. (Scholar)
• –––, 2017, “Unity of Action in a Latin Social Model of the Trinity,” Faith and Philosophy, 34(3): 321–46. (Scholar)
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Recent Non-Philosophical Sources

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• Kelly, J. N. D., 1964, The Athanasian Creed, New York: Harper and Row. (Scholar)
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• Lamson, A., 1828. “On the Doctrine of Two Natures in Jesus Christ.” in Tracts of the American Unitarian Association, First Series, Vol. 2. Boston: 181–216. [Reprint: in Sixteen American Unitarian Tracts, Morrisville, NC: Lulu.com, 2007.] (Scholar)
• –––, 1875 [1860], The Church of the First Three Centuries: Or, Notices of the Lives and Opinions of the Early Fathers, with Special Reference to the Doctrine of the Trinity; Illustrating its Late Origin and Gradual Formation, Revised and Enlarged Edition, Boston: Horace B. Fuller. [Reprint: Toronto: University of Toronto Libraries, 2009.] (Scholar)
• Lardner, N., 1793a [1759], “A Letter Written in the Year 1730, Concerning the Question, Whether the Logos Supplied the Place of an Human Soul in the Person of Jesus Christ”, in Tracts. Printed and Published by the Unitarian Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge and the Practice of Virtue, Vol. 7, London: The Unitarian Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge and the Practice of Virtue, pp. 1–212. [Reprint: in Lardner on the Trinity, Morrisville, NC: Lulu.com, 2007.] (Scholar)
• –––, 1793b [1784], “Two Schemes of a Trinity Considered, and the Divine Unity Asserted. Four Discourses Upon Philip. ii. 5…11”, in Tracts. Printed and Published by the Unitarian Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge and the Practice of Virtue, Vol. 7, London: The Unitarian Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge and the Practice of Virtue, pp. 1–79. [Reprint: in Lardner on the Trinity, Morrisville, NC: Lulu.com, 2007.] (Scholar)
• Lasker, D. J., 1977, Jewish Philosophical Polemics Against Christianity in the Middle Ages, Portland, OR: Littman Library of Jewish Civilization, 2007. (Scholar)
• Leibniz, G. W., 1985 [1710], Theodicy, trans. E. Huggard, La Salle, Illinois: Open Court. (Scholar)
• Leith, J. H., 1982, Creeds of the Christian Churches: A Reader in Christian Doctrine from the Bible to the Present, Atlanta: John Knox Press. (Scholar)
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• Mann, W. E., 2005, “Anselm on the Trinity”, in The Cambridge Companion to Anselm, B. Leftow and B. Davies (eds.), New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 257–78. (Scholar)
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• Newman, J., 1890 [1833], The Arians of the Fourth Century, Seventh Edition, London: Longmans, Green and Co. (Scholar)
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• –––, 1693, Considerations on the Explications of the Doctrine of the Trinity, in A Second Collection of Tracts, Proving The God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, the only True God, T. Firmin (ed.), London: Thomas Firmin. [Reprint: in A Second Collection of Tracts, Proving The God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, the only True God, Morrisville, North Carolina: Lulu.com, 2008.] (Scholar)
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