Recent Philosophical Sources

• Alston, W., 1997, “Swinburne and Christian Theology” [Review of Swinburne’s The Christian God], International Journal for Philosophy of Religion, 41: 35–57. (Scholar)
• –––, 2005, “Two Cheers for Mystery”, in God and the Ethics of Belief: New Essays in Philosophy of Religion, A. Dole and A. Chignell (eds.), New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 99–114. (Scholar)
• Alston, W. P. and J. Bennett, 1984, “Identity and Cardinality: Geach and Frege”, The Philosophical Review, 93(4): 553–67. (Scholar)
• Anderson, J., 2005, “In Defence of Mystery: A Reply to Dale Tuggy”, Religious Studies, 41(2): 145–63. (Scholar)
• –––, 2007, Paradox in Christian Theology: An Analysis of Its Presence, Character, and Epistemic Status, Waynesboro, Georgia: Paternoster Theological Monographs. (Scholar)
• –––, 2018, “On the Rationality of Positive Mysterianism”, International Journal for Philosophy of Religion, 83(3): 291–307. (Scholar)
• Baber, H., 2002, “Sabellianism Reconsidered”, Sophia, 41(2): 1–18. (Scholar)
• –––, 2008, “Trinity, Filioque and Semantic Ascent”, Sophia, 47(2): 149–60. (Scholar)
• –––, 2015, “The Trinity: Relative Identity Redux”, Faith and Philosophy, 32(2): 161–71. (Scholar)
• –––, 2019, The Trinity: A Philosophical Investigation, London: SCM Press. (Scholar)
• Beall, J., 2019, “Christ – a Contradiction: A Defense of Contradictory Christology”, Journal of Analytic Theology, 7: 400–33. (Scholar)
• Bøhn, E., 2011, “The Logic of the Trinity”, Sophia, 50: 363–74. (Scholar)
• –––, 2014, “Unrestricted Composition as Identity”, in Composition as Identity, D. Baxter and A. Cotnoir (eds.), New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 143–68. (Scholar)
• Boyer, S., 2007, “The logic of mystery”, Religious Studies, 43: 89–102. (Scholar)
• Branson, B., 2018, “Ahistoricity in Analytic Theology”, American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly, 92(2): 195–224. (Scholar)
• –––, 2019, “No New Solutions to the Logical Problem of the Trinity”, Journal of Applied Logics, 6(2): 1051–91. (Scholar)
• –––, forthcoming, “The Neglected Doctrine of the Monarchy of the Father and the Analytic Debate About the Trinity” in Analytic Theology and the Tri-Personal God, O. Riaudel and A. Perez (eds.), Leuven, Belgium: Peeters. (Scholar)
• Brower, J. E. and M. Rea, 2005a, “Material Constitution and the Trinity”, Faith and Philosophy, 22(1): 57–76. (Scholar)
• –––, 2005b, “Understanding the Trinity”, Logos: A Journal of Catholic Thought and Culture, 8(1): 145–7. (Scholar)
• Byerly, T., 2019, “Truthmaker Trinitarianism”, TheoLogica, 3(2): 77–97. (Scholar)
• Cain, J., 1989, “The Doctrine of the Trinity and the Logic of Relative Identity”, Religious Studies, 25: 141–52. (Scholar)
• –––, 2016, “On the Geachian Theory of the Trinity and Incarnation: A Reply to Jedwab”, Faith and Philosophy, 33(4): 474–86. (Scholar)
• Cartwright, R., 1987, “On the Logical Problem of the Trinity”, in his Philosophical Essays, Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, pp. 187–200. (Scholar)
• Clark, K., 1996, “Trinity or Tritheism?”, Religious Studies, 32(4): 463–76. (Scholar)
• Coakley, S., 1999, “‘Persons’ in the ‘Social’ Doctrine of the Trinity: Gregory of Nyssa and the Current Analytic Discussion”, in The Trinity: An Interdisciplinary Symposium on the Trinity, S.T. Davis, D. Kendall and G. O’Collins (eds.), New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 123–145. (Scholar)
• Conn, C., 2019, “Anselm, the Holy Trinity, and the Relative Identity Thesis”, TheoLogica, 3(2): 31–56. (Scholar)
• Craig, W. L., 2005, “Does the Problem of Material Constitution Illuminate the Doctrine of the Trinity?”, Faith and Philosophy, 22(1): 77–86. (Scholar)
• –––, 2006, “Trinity Monotheism Once More: A Response to Daniel Howard-Snyder”, Philosophia Christi, 8(1): 101–13. (Scholar)
• –––, 2019, “Is God the Son Begotten in His Divine Nature?”, TheoLogica, 3(1): 22–32. (Scholar)
• Cotnoir, A.J., 2017, “Mutual Indwelling”, Faith and Philosophy, 34(2): 123–51. (Scholar)
• Cross, R., 2002, “Two Models of the Trinity?”, Heythrop Journal, 43(3): 275–94. (Scholar)
• –––, 2007, “Quid tres? On What Precisely Augustine Professes Not to Understand in De Trinitate 5 and 7”, Harvard Theological Review, 100(2): 215–32. (Scholar)
• –––, 2010, “Latin Trinitarianism: Some Conceptual and Historical Considerations” in Philosophical and Theological Essays on the Trinity, T. McCall and M. Rea (eds.), New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 201–13 (Scholar)
• –––, 2012, “Medieval Trinitarianism and Modern Theology” in Rethinking Trinitarian Theology, R. Woźniak and G. Maspero (eds.), New York: T. & T. Clark , pp. 26–43 (Scholar)
• Davidson, M., 2016, “The Logical Space of Social Trinitarianism”, Faith and Philosophy, 33(3): 333–57. (Scholar)
• Davis, S., 1999, “A Somewhat Playful Proof of the Social Trinity in Five Easy Steps”, Philosophia Christi, 1(2): 103–105. (Scholar)
• –––, 2003, “Perichoretic Monotheism: A Defense of a Social Theory of the Trinity”, in The Trinity: East/West Dialogue, M. Y. Stewart (ed.), Boston: Kluwer, pp. 35–52. (Scholar)
• –––, 2006, Christian Philosophical Theology, New York: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Davis, S., and E. Yang, 2017, “Social Trinitarianism Unscathed”, Journal of Analytic Theology, 5: 220–9. (Scholar)
• Dolezal, J. E., 2011, God without Parts: Divine Simplicity and the Metaphysics of God’s Absoluteness, Eugene, OR: Pickwick Publications. (Scholar)
• Effingham, N., 2015, “Multiple Location and Christian Philosophical Theology”, Faith and Philosophy, 32(1): 25–44. (Scholar)
• –––, 2018, “The Philosophy of Filioque”, Religious Studies, 54 (Special Issue 3): 297–312. (Scholar)
• Geach, P. T., 1972, “Identity”, in his Logic Matters, Berkeley: University of California Press, pp. 238–47. (Scholar)
• –––, 1972, “Identity—a Reply”, in his Logic Matters, Berkeley: University of California Press, pp. 247–9. (Scholar)
• –––, 1973, “Ontological Relativity and Relative Identity”, in Logic and Ontology, M. K. Munitz (ed.), New York: New York University Press, pp. 287–302. (Scholar)
• –––, 1980, Reference and Generality: An Examination of Some Medieval and Modern Theories, Ithaca: Cornell University Press. (Scholar)
• Hasker, W., 2009, “A Leftovian Trinity?”, Faith and Philosophy 26(2): 154–66. (Scholar)
• –––, 2010a, “Has a Trinitarian God Deceived Us?”, in Philosophical and Theological Essays on the Trinity, T. McCall and M. Rea (eds.), New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 38–51. (Scholar)
• –––, 2010b, “Constitution and the Trinity: The Brower-Rea Proposal”, Faith and Philosophy, 27(3): 321–9. (Scholar)
• –––, 2010c, “Objections to Social Trinitarianism”, Religious Studies, 46(4): 421–39. (Scholar)
• –––, 2011, “Deception and the Trinity: A Rejoinder to Tuggy”, Religious Studies, 47(1): 117–20. (Scholar)
• –––, 2012, “Dancers, Rugby Players, and Trinitarian Persons”, Faith and Philosophy, 29(3): 325–33. (Scholar)
• –––, 2013a, “How to Think About the Trinity,” in Christian Philosophy of Religion, C. Ruloff (ed.), Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, pp. 105–27. (Scholar)
• –––, 2013b, Metaphysics and the Tri-Personal God, New York: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• –––, 2016, “Is Divine Simplicity a Mistake?”, American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly, 90(4): 699–725. (Scholar)
• –––, 2017, “‘God’s Only Begotten Son’: A Reply to R.T. Mullins”, European Journal for Philosophy of Religion, 9(4): 217–37. (Scholar)
• –––, 2018a, “The One Divine Nature”, TheoLogica, 3(2): 1–20. (Scholar)
• –––, 2018b, “Can a Latin Theory Be Social? A Response to Scott Williams,” Faith and Philosophy, 35(3): 356–66. (Scholar)
• Howard-Snyder, D., 2003, “Trinity Monotheism”, Philosophia Christi, 5(2): 375–403. (Scholar)
• –––, 2015a, “Trinity”, in The Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Taylor and Francis. Retrieved 6 Jun. 2020, from https://www.rep.routledge.com/articles/thematic/Trinity/v-2. (Scholar)
• –––, 2015b, “[Review of:] William Hasker: Metaphysics and the Tri-Personal God”, Faith and Philosophy, 32(1): 106–15. (Scholar)
• –––, 2016, “Two Peas in a Single Polytheistic Pod: John Hick and Richard Swinburne”, Journal of Philosophical Research, 41(Issue Supplement, Selected Papers in Honor of William P. Alston): 17–32. (Scholar)
• Hughes, C., 2009, “Defending the Consistency of the Doctrine of the Trinity” in Philosophical and Theological Essays on the Trinity, T. McCall and M. Rea (eds.), New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 293–313 (Scholar)
• Jaskolla, L., 2015, “[Review of] Vlastimil Vohánka, Modality, Logical Probability, and the Trinity: In Defence of a Weak Scepticism”, Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews, https://ndpr.nd.edu/news/modality-logical-probability-and-the-trinity-in-defence-of-a-weak-scepticism/. (Scholar)
• Jedwab, J., 2015, “Against the Geachian Theory of the Trinity and Incarnation”, Faith and Philosophy, 32(2): 125–45. (Scholar)
• Jedwab, J. and J. Keller, 2019, “Paraphrase and the Doctrine of the Trinity”, Faith and Philosophy, 36(2): 173–94. (Scholar)
• Kleinschmidt, S., 2012, “Many-One Identity and the Trinity” in J. Kvanvig (ed.), Oxford Studies in Philosophy of Religion, Volume 4, New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 84–96. (Scholar)
• Layman, C., 1988, “Tritheism and the Trinity”, Faith and Philosophy: 5(3): 291–8. (Scholar)
• –––, 2016, Philosophical Approaches to the Atonement, Incarnation, and the Trinity, New York: Palgrave Macmillan. (Scholar)
• Lebens, S. and D. Tuggy, 2019, “Dormant Dispositions, Agent Value, and the Trinity”, Journal of Analytic Theology, 7: 142–55. (Scholar)
• Leftow, B., 1999, “Anti Social Trinitarianism”, in The Trinity : An Interdisciplinary Symposium on the Trinity, S. T. Davis, D. Kendall and G. O’Collins (eds.), New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 203–49. (Scholar)
• –––, 2004, “A Latin Trinity”, Faith and Philosophy, 21(3): 304–33. (Scholar)
• –––, 2007, “Modes without Modalism”, in Persons: Human and Divine, P. van Inwagen and D. Zimmerman (eds.), New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 357–75. (Scholar)
• –––, 2010, “Two Trinities: Reply to Hasker”, Religious Studies, 46(4): 441–7. (Scholar)
• –––, 2012a, “Time Travel and the Trinity”, Faith and Philosophy, 29(3): 313–24. (Scholar)
• –––, 2012b, “On Hasker on Leftow on Hasker on Leftow”, Faith and Philosophy, 29(3): 334–9. (Scholar)
• –––, 2018, “The Trinity is Unconstitutional”, Religious Studies, 54(3): 1–18. (Scholar)
• Long, J., 2019, “Mystery of the Trinity: a Reply to Einar Bøhn”, Sophia, 58: 301–7. (Scholar)
• Makin, M., 2018, “God from God: the Essential Dependence Model of Eternal Generation”, Religious Studies, 54(3): 377–94. (Scholar)
• Martinich, A. P., 1978, “Identity and Trinity”, The Journal of Religion, 58: 169–81. (Scholar)
• –––, 1979, “God, Emperor and Relative Identity”, Franciscan Studies, 39: 180–91. (Scholar)
• McCall, T., 2003, “Social Trinitarianism and Tritheism Again: A Response to Brian Leftow”, Philosophia Christi, 5(2): 405–30. (Scholar)
• –––, 2010, Which Trinity? Whose Monotheism? Philosophical and Systematic Theologians on the Metaphysics of Trinitarian Theology, Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans. (Scholar)
• –––, 2014a, “Trinity Doctrine, Plain and Simple”, in Advancing Trinitarian Theology: Explorations in Constructive Dogmatics, O. Crisp and F. Sanders (eds.), Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan Academic, pp. 42–59. (Scholar)
• –––, 2014b, “Response to Stephen R. Holmes” in Two Views on the Doctrine of the Trinity, J. Sexton (ed.), Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan, pp. 55–60. (Scholar)
• –––, 2014c, “Relational Trinity: Creedal Perspective” in Two Views on the Doctrine of the Trinity, J. Sexton (ed.), Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan, pp. 113–38. (Scholar)
• McIntosh, C., 2016, “The God of the Groups: Social Trinitarianism and Group Agency”, Religious Studies, 52(2): 167–86. (Scholar)
• Merricks, T., 2006, “Split Brains and the Godhead”, in Knowledge and Reality: Essays in Honor of Alvin Plantinga, T. Crisp, M. Davidson and D. Vander Laan (eds.), Dordrecht: Springer, pp. 299–326. (Scholar)
• Molto, D., 2018, “The Mereology of Latin Trinitarianism”, Religious Studies, 54(Special Edition 3): 395–418. (Scholar)
• Mooney, J., 2018, “A New Logical Problem for the Doctrine of the Trinity”, Religious Studies, 54(1): 1–13. (Scholar)
• –––, 2020, “An Episodic Account of Divine Personhood”, Religious Studies, 1–15. (Scholar)
• Moreland, J. P. and W. L. Craig, 2017 [2003], Philosophical Foundations for a Christian Worldview, 2nd ed., Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press. (Scholar)
• Mosser, C., 2009, “Fully Social Trinitarianism”, in Philosophical and Theological Essays on the Trinity, T. McCall and M. Rea (eds.), New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 131–50. (Scholar)
• Mullins, R.T., 2013, “Simply Impossible: A Case Against Divine Simplicity”, Journal of Reformed Theology, 7: 181–203. (Scholar)
• –––, 2016, “Divine Atemporality, the Trinity, and the Charge of Arianism”, Journal of Analytic Theology, 4: 267–90. (Scholar)
• –––, 2017, “Hasker on the Divine Processions of the Trinitarian Persons”, European Journal for Philosophy of Religion, 9(3): 181–216. (Scholar)
• –––, 2020, “Trinity, Subordination, and Heresy: A Reply to Mark Edwards”, TheoLogica, 4(2): 1–14. (Scholar)
• Page, B., 2017, “The ‘Power’-ful Trinity”, European Journal for Philosophy of Religion, 9(3): 155–80. (Scholar)
• Pawl, T., 2020, “Conciliar Trinitarianism, Divine Identity Claims, and Subordination”, TheoLogica, 4(2): 1–27. (Scholar)
• Pickup, M., 2016, “The Trinity and Extended Simples”, Faith and Philosophy, 33(4): 414–40. (Scholar)
• Plantinga, C., 1988, “The Threeness/Oneness Problem of the Trinity”, Calvin Theological Journal, 23: 37–53. (Scholar)
• –––, 1989, “Social Trinity and Tritheism”, in R. Feenstra (ed.), Trinity, Incarnation, and Atonement, South Bend, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, pp. 21–47. (Scholar)
• Rea, M., 2003, “Relative Identity and the Doctrine of the Trinity”, Philosophia Christi, 5(2): 431–45. (Scholar)
• –––, 2006, “Polytheism and Christian Belief”, Journal of Theological Studies, 57(1): 133–48. (Scholar)
• –––, 2009, “Trinity”, in The Oxford Handbook of Philosophical Theology, T. Flint and M. Rea (eds.), New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 403–29. (Scholar)
• –––, 2011, “Hylomorphism and the Incarnation”, in The Metaphysics of the Incarnation, A. Marmodoro and J. Hill (eds.), Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 134–52. (Scholar)
• Rogers, K., 1996, “The Traditional Doctrine of Divine Simplicity”, Religious Studies 32(2):165–86. (Scholar)
• Spencer, D., 2019, “Social Trinitarianism and the Tripartite God”, Religious Studies 55(2): 189–98. (Scholar)
• Swinburne, R., 1988, “Could There Be More Than One God?”, Faith and Philosophy, (5): 225–41. (Scholar)
• –––, 1994, The Christian God, New York: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• –––, 2008, Was Jesus God?, New York: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• –––, 2014, “[Review of ] William Hasker: Metaphysics and the Tri-personal god.”, International Journal for Philosophy of Religion, 76(1): 99–101. (Scholar)
• –––, 2018, “The Social Theory of the Trinity”, Religious Studies, 54(Special Issue 3): 419–37. (Scholar)
• Tuggy, D., 2003a, “The Unfinished Business of Trinitarian Theorizing”, Religious Studies, 39: 165–83. (Scholar)
• –––, 2003b, “Tradition and Believability: Edward Wierenga’s Social Trinitarianism”, Philosophia Christi, 5(2): 447–56. (Scholar)
• –––, 2004, “Divine Deception, Identity, and Social Trinitarianism”, Religious Studies, 40: 269–87. (Scholar)
• –––, 2011a, “On Positive Mysterianism”, International Journal for Philosophy of Religion, 69(3): 205–26. (Scholar)
• –––, 2011b, “Divine Deception and Monotheism: A Reply to Hasker”, Religious Studies, 47: 109–15. (Scholar)
• –––, 2013a, “Constitution Trinitarianism: An Appraisal”, Philosophy and Theology, 25(1): 129–62. (Scholar)
• –––, 2013b, “Hasker’s Quests for a Viable Social Theory”, Faith and Philosophy, 30(2): 171–87. (Scholar)
• –––, 2014, “Divine Deception and Monotheism”, Journal of Analytic Theology, 2: 186–209. (Scholar)
• –––, 2015, “On the Possibility of a Single Perfect Person,” in Christian Philosophy of Religion, C. Ruloff (ed.), Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, pp. 128–48. (Scholar)
• –––, 2016a, “Tertullian the Unitarian”, European Journal for Philosophy of Religion, 8(3): 179–99. (Scholar)
• –––, 2016b, “Metaphysics and Logic of the Trinity”, Oxford Handbooks Online, https://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935314.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199935314-e-27 (Scholar)
• –––, 2017, What is the Trinity? Thinking about the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, North Charleston, SC: CreateSpace. (Scholar)
• –––, 2019, “The Unfinished Business of the Reformation”, in Herausforderungen und Modifikationen des klassischen Theismus: Band 1: Trinität, T. Marschler and T. Schärtl (eds.), Munster: Aschendorff Verlag, pp. 199–227. (Scholar)
• –––, 2020, “When and How in the History of Theology Did the Triune God Replace the Father as the Only True God?”, TheoLogica, 4(2): 1–25. (Scholar)
• van Inwagen, P., 1995, “And Yet They Are Not Three Gods But One God”, in his God, Knowledge, and Mystery, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, pp. 222–59. (Scholar)
• –––, 2003, “Three Persons in One Being: On Attempts to Show That the Doctrine of the Trinity is Self-Contradictory”, in The Trinity: East/West Dialogue, M. Y. Stewart (ed.), Boston: Kluwer, pp. 83–97. (Scholar)
• van Inwagen, P. and D. Howard-Snyder, 1998, “Trinity”, in The Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Taylor and Francis. Retrieved 6 Jun. 2020, from https://www.rep.routledge.com/articles/thematic/Trinity/v-1/sections/swinburnes-theory. (Scholar)
• Vohánka, V., 2013, “Why Peter van Inwagen Does Not Help in Showing the Logical Possibility of the Trinity,” Studia Neoaristotelica, 10(2): 196–214. (Scholar)
• –––, 2014, Modality, Logical Probability, and the Trinity: In Defence of a Weak Scepticism, Heusenstamm, Germany: Editiones Scholasticae. (Scholar)
• Williams, C. J. F., 1994, “Neither Confounding the Persons nor Dividing the Substance”, in Reason and the Christian Religion: Essays in Honour of Richard Swinburne, A. G. Padgett (ed.), New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 227–43. (Scholar)
• Williams, S., 2013, “Indexicals and the Trinity: Two Non-Social Models”, Journal of Analytic Theology, 1(1): 74–94. (Scholar)
• –––, 2017, “Unity of Action in a Latin Social Model of the Trinity,” Faith and Philosophy, 34(3): 321–46. (Scholar)
• –––, 2019, “Persons in Patristic and Medieval Christian Theology”, in Persons: A History, A. LoLordo (ed.), New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 52–84. (Scholar)
• –––, 2020, “In Defense of a Latin Social Trinity: A Response to William Hasker”, Faith and Philosophy 37(1): 96–117. (Scholar)
• Yandell, K. 2010, “How Many Times Does Three Go Into One?”, in Philosophical and Theological Essays on the Trinity, T. McCall and M. Rea (eds.), New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 151–68. (Scholar)
• –––, 2015, “The Doctrine of the Trinity: Consistent and Coherent” in Building on the Foundations of Evangelical Theology: Essays in Honor of John S. Feinberg, G. Allison and S. Wellum (eds.), Wheaton, IL: Crossway, pp. 151–67. (Scholar)

Recent Non-Philosophical Sources

• Anonymous, 1989, Reasoning from the Scriptures, Brooklyn, NY: Watchtower Bible and Tract Society. (Scholar)
• Barnes, M., 1995, “De Régnon Reconsidered”, Augustinian Studies, 26(2): 51–79. (Scholar)
• Barth, K., 1956, Church Dogmatics Volume I: The Doctrine of the Word of God (Prolegomena to Church Dogmatics, Being Vol. I, 2)[Second Half-Volume], trans. G.T. Thomson, H. Knight, G.W. Bromiley, and T.F. Torrance (eds.), Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark. (Scholar)
• Behr, J., 2018, “One God Father Almighty”, Modern Theology, 34(3): 320–30. (Scholar)
• Bowman, R. and J. E. Komoszewski, 2007, Putting Jesus in His Place: The Case for the Deity of Christ, Grand Rapids, MI: Kregal. (Scholar)
• Buzzard, A., 2007, Jesus was not a Trinitarian: A Call to Return to the Creed of Jesus, Morrow, GA: Restoration Fellowship. (Scholar)
• Buzzard, A. and C. Hunting, 1998, The Doctrine of the Trinity: Christianity’s Self-Inflicted Wound, San Francisco: Christian Universities Press. (Scholar)
• Crisp, O., 2019, “A Parsimonious Model of Divine Simplicity”, Modern Theology, 35(3): 558–73. (Scholar)
• Ellenson, D., 2000, “A Jewish View of the Christian God: Some Cautionary and Hopeful Remarks”, in Christianity in Jewish Terms, T. Frymer-Kensky, et al. (eds.), Boulder: Westview Press, pp. 69–76. (Scholar)
• Freeman, C., 2009, A.D. 381: Heretics, Pagans, and the Dawn of the Monotheistic State, Woodstock, NY: Overlook Press. (Scholar)
• Geisler, N. and A. Saleeb, 2002, Answering Islam: The Crescent in Light of the Cross, 2nd edition, Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books. (Scholar)
• George, T., 2002, Is the Father of Jesus the God of Muhammad?, Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan. (Scholar)
• Graeser, M., J. Lynn, et al., 2003 [2000], One God and One Lord: Reconsidering the Cornerstone of the Christian Faith, Third Edition, Indianapolis: Christian Educational Services. (Scholar)
• Griffiths, J. G., 1996, Triads and Trinity, Cardiff: University of Wales Press. (Scholar)
• Harris, M., 1992, Jesus as God: The New Testament Use of Theos in Reference to Jesus, Grand Rapids, MI: Baker. (Scholar)
• Holmes, S., 2012, The Quest for the Trinity: The Doctrine of God in Scripture, History and Modernity, Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press. (Scholar)
• Hurtado, L., 2003, Lord Jesus Christ: Devotion to Jesus in Earliest Christianity, Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. (Scholar)
• –––, 2005, How on Earth Did Jesus Become a God?: Historical Questions About Earliest Devotion to Jesus, Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. (Scholar)
• Kärkkäinen, V.-M., 2007, The Trinity: Global Perspectives, Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press. (Scholar)
• Küng, H., 1995, Christianity: Essence, History, Future, New York: Continuum. (Scholar)
• Mababaya, M. U., 2004, Oneness of God: The Ultimate Solution to the Trinitarian Controversy, 3rd Ed., Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: International Islamic Publishing House. (Scholar)
• Mandelbrote, S., 2005, “Eighteenth-Century Reactions to Newton’s Antitrinitarianism”, in Newton and Newtonianism: New Studies, J. Force and S. Hutton (eds.), Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 99–111. (Scholar)
• McGrath, A., 1988, Understanding the Trinity, Grand Rapids, MI: Academie Books. (Scholar)
• –––,2007 [1993], Christian Theology: An Introduction, 4th edition, Malden, MA: Blackwell. (Scholar)
• Ochs, P., 2000, “The God of the Jews and Christians”, in Christianity in Jewish Terms, T. Frymer-Kensky (ed.), Boulder, CO: Westview Press, pp. 49–69. (Scholar)
• Olson, R. 1999, The Story of Christian Theology: Twenty Centuries of Tradition and Reform, Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press. (Scholar)
• Olson, R. and C. A. Hall, 2002, The Trinity, Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans. (Scholar)
• Ovey, M., 2008, “A private love? Karl Barth and the triune God” in Engaging with Barth: Contemporary Evangelical Critiques, D. Gibson and D. Strange (eds.), New York: T&T Clark, pp. 198–231. (Scholar)
• Peters, T., 1993, God as Trinity: Relationality and Temporality in Divine Life, Louisville: Westminster/John Knox Press. (Scholar)
• –––, 2000, God—the World’s Future: Systematic Theology for a New Era, 2nd Ed., Minneapolis: Fortress Press. (Scholar)
• Radde-Gallwitz, A. 2009, Basil of Caesarea, Gregory of Nyssa, and the Transformation of Divine Simplicity, New York: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Rahner, K., 1997 [1967], The Trinity, trans. Joseph Donceel, New York: Crossroad Publishing Company. (Scholar)
• Schwöbel, C., 2012, “The Same God? The Perspective of Faith, the Identity of God, Tolerance, and Dialogue” in Do We Worship the Same God? Jews, Christians, and Muslims in Dialogue, M. Volf (ed.), Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, pp. 1–17. (Scholar)
• Shah-Kazemi, R., 2012, “Do Muslims and Christians Believe in the Same God?” in Do We Worship the Same God? Jews, Christians, and Muslims in Dialogue, M. Volf (ed.), Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, pp. 76–147. (Scholar)
• Sigal, G., 2006, Trinity Doctrine Error: A Jewish Analysis, Bloomington, IN: Xlibris. (Scholar)
• Snedeker, D. R., 1998, Our Father Has No Heavenly Equals, San Francisco: International Scholars Publications. (Scholar)
• Stafford, G., 2007 [1998], Jehovah’s Witnesses Defended, 3rd edition, Huntington Beach, CA: Elihu Books. (Scholar)
• Turner, D., 2012, “Christians, Muslims, and the Name of God: Who Owns It, and How Would We Know?” in Do We Worship the Same God? Jews, Christians, and Muslims in Dialogue, M. Volf (ed.), Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, pp. 18–36. (Scholar)
• van Gorder, A. C., 2003, No God but God: A Path to Muslim-Christian Dialogue on God’s Nature, Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books. (Scholar)
• Volf, M., 2011, Allah: A Christian Response, New York: HarperOne. (Scholar)
• Ward, K., 2000, Christianity: A Short Introduction, Oxford: Oneworld. (Scholar)
• –––, 2002, God: A Guide for the Perplexed, Oxford: Oneworld. (Scholar)
• –––, 2015, Christ and the Cosmos: A Reformulation of Trinitarian Doctrine, New York: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)

Historical Sources (Primary and Secondary)

• Adamson, P., 2006, Al-Kindi, New York: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• al-Kindi, A., 1993 [n.d., ca. 820], “The Apology of Al-Kindi”, trans. A. Tien in The Early Muslim-Christian Dialogue: A Collection of Documents from the First Three Islamic Centuries (632–900 A. D.): Translations with Commentary, N. Newman (ed.), Hatfield, Pennsylvania: Interdisciplinary Biblical Research Institute, pp. 381–545.
• Anonymous, 1691, An Impartial Account of the Word Mystery as it is taken in the Holy Scripture, in The Faith of One God, T. Firmin (ed.), London: Thomas Firmin, pp. 1–24. [Reprint: in The Faith of One God, Morrisville, North Carolina: Lulu.com, 2008.] (Scholar)
• Anscombe, G. E. M. and P. T. Geach, 1961, Three Philosophers, Oxford: Basil Blackwell. (Scholar)
• Anselm, 2007 [n.d., ca. 1094–8], Cur Deus Homo? [Why God a Man?], in Anselm: Basic Writings, T. Williams (ed. and trans.), Indianapolis: Hackett, pp. 237–326.
• Antognazza, M., 2007, Leibniz on the Trinity and the Incarnation, trans. Gerald Parks, New Haven: Yale University Press. (Scholar)
• Aquinas, T., 1920 [n.d., ca. 1266–8], Summa Theologica, trans. Fathers of the English Dominican Province, London: Oates and Washburne.
• –––, 1957 [n.d., ca. 1259–65], Summa Contra Gentiles: Book Four: Salvation, trans. C. J. O’Neil, Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press.
• Augustine, 1991 [n.d., ca. 400–420], The Trinity, trans. E. Hill, New York: New City Press.
• –––, 1993[n.d., ca. 397–420], Confessions, trans. F. Sheed, Indianapolis: Hackett.
• –––,1998 [n.d., ca. 413–26], The City of God against the Pagans, trans. R. Dyson, New York: Cambridge University Press.
• Ayres, L., 2004, Nicaea and Its Legacy : An Approach to Fourth-Century Trinitarian Theology, New York: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Belsham, T., 1817 [1811], A Calm Inquiry into the Scripture Doctrine concerning the Person of Christ, Second Edition, London: The Unitarian Society. [Reprint: Morrisville, NC: Lulu.com, 2009.] (Scholar)
• –––, 1820 [1812], Memoirs of the Late Reverend Theophilus Lindsey, 2nd Edition, London: Rowland Hunter. [Reprint: Morrisville, NC: Lulu.com, 2007.] (Scholar)
• Biddle, J., 1691 [1648], A Confession of Faith Touching the Holy Trinity; According to the Scripture, in The Faith of One God, T. Firmin (ed.), London: Thomas Firmin. [Reprint: in The Faith of One God, Morrisville, NC: Lulu.com, 2008.] (Scholar)
• Brower, J.E., 2004, “Trinity”, in The Cambridge Companion to Abelard, J. Brower and K. Guilfoy (eds.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 223–57. (Scholar)
• Burnap, G., 1845, Expository Lectures on the Principle Passages of the Scriptures which relate to the Doctrine of the Trinity, Boston: James Munroe and Co. [Reprint: Morrisville, NC: Lulu.com, 2007.] (Scholar)
• Christie, W., 1808, Dissertations on the Unity of God, Philadelphia: William Christie. [Reprint: Morrisville, NC: Lulu.com, 2008.] (Scholar)
• –––, 1810 [1784], Discourses on the Divine Unity, Third Edition, London: D. Eaton. [Reprint: Morrisville, NC: Lulu.com, 2009.] (Scholar)
• Clarke, S., 1738 [1712], The Scripture-Doctrine of the Trinity, Wherein Every Text in the New Testament Relating to That Doctrine is Distinctly Considered; and the Divinity of Our Blessed Saviour, According to the Scriptures, Proved and Explained [4th ed.], in The Works of Samuel Clarke, D. D., Late Rector of St. James’s Westminster; in Four Volumes., Vol. 4., J. Clarke (ed.), London: John and Paul Knapton. [Reprint: in The Scripture-Doctrine of the Trinity and Related Writings, Morrisville, NC: Lulu.com, 2007.] (Scholar)
• Coudert, A., 1999, “The Kabbala Denudata”, in The Columbia History of Western Philosophy, R. Popkin (ed.), New York: MJF Books, pp. 363–6. (Scholar)
• Crellius, J. 1691 [1631], The Unity of God. Asserted and Defended. In Two Books. trans. Anonymous, London. [Reprint: Early English Books Online Editions, n.d.] (Scholar)
• Crellius, J. and J. Schlichtingius, M. Ruarius, A. Wissowatius, B. Wissowatius, F.C., 1818 [1680, 1605], The Racovian Catechism, with Notes and Illustrations, Translated from the Latin: To Which Is Prefixed a Sketch of the History of Unitarianism in Poland and the Adjacent Countries, trans. T. Rees, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown. [Reprint: Morrisville, NC: Lulu.com, 2007.] (Scholar)
• Crescas, H., 1992 [n.d., ca. 1398], The Refutation of Christian Principles, trans. D. J. Lasker, Albany, New York: State University of New York Press.
• Cross, R., 1999, Duns Scotus, New York: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• –––, 2004, Duns Scotus on God, Burlington: Ashgate. (Scholar)
• Davids, A. and P. Valkenberg, 2005, “John of Damascus: The Heresy of the Ishmaelites”, in The Three Rings: Textual Studies in the Historical Trialogue of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, B. Roggema, M. Poorthuis and P. Valjenberg (eds.), Dudley, MA: Peeters, pp. 71–90. (Scholar)
• Dillon, J., 1996 [1977], The Middle Platonists: 80 B.C. to A.D. 220, Revised edition, Ithaca: Cornell University Press. (Scholar)
• Dixon, P., 2003, Nice and Hot Disputes: The Doctrine of the Trinity in the Seventeenth Century, New York: T & T Clark. (Scholar)
• Ebied, R. Y. and D. Thomas (eds.), 2005, Muslim-Christian Polemic During the Crusades: The Letter from the People of Cyprus and Ibn Abi Talib Al-Dimashqi’s Response, Boston: Brill. (Scholar)
• Emlyn, T. 1746 [1702–19], The Works of Mr. Thomas Emyln, Fourth Edition, Vol. 1, S. Emlyn (ed.), London: John Noon and John Whiston. (Scholar)
• Erismann, C., 2008, “The Trinity, Universals, and Particular Substances: Philoponus and Roscelin”, Traditio, 63: 277–305. (Scholar)
• Ferguson, J. P., 1976, Dr. Samuel Clarke: An Eighteenth Century Heretic, Kineton: Roundwood Press. (Scholar)
• Freedman, C., 2003, The Closing of the Western Mind, New York: Alfred A. Knopf. (Scholar)
• Gaston, T., 2007, Proto-Trinity: The Development of the Doctrine of the Trinity in the First and Second Christian Centuries, M.Phil Thesis, University of Birmingham, http://etheses.bham.ac.uk/151/. (Scholar)
• Grodzins, D., 2009, “Unitarianism” in The Oxford Handbook of Transcendentalism, J. Myerson, S. Petrulionis, and L. Walls (eds.), New York: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Haddad, W. Z., 1995, “A Tenth-Century Speculative Theologian’s Refutation of the Basic Doctrines of Christianity: Al-Baqillani (d. A.D. 1013)”, in Christian-Muslim Encounters, Y. Y. Haddad and W. Z. Haddad (eds.), Gainesville: University of Florida Press, pp. 82–94. (Scholar)
• Hanson, R. P. C., 1988, The Search for the Christian Doctrine of God, Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark. (Scholar)
• Haynes, H., 1797 [1750], The Scripture-Account of the Attributes and Worship of God, Third Edition in Tracts. Printed and Published by the Unitarian Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge and the Practice of Virtue, Vol. 11, London. [Reprint: as The Scripture-Account of the Attributes and Worship of God, Morrisville, NC: Lulu.com, 2008.] (Scholar)
• Heine, R. 1998, “The Christology of Callistus”, Journal of Theological Studies, 49(1): 56–91. (Scholar)
• Hughes, C., 1989, On a Complex Theory of a Simple God : An Investigation in Aquinas’ Philosophical Theology, Ithaca: Cornell University Press. (Scholar)
• Hunt, J., 1871, Religious Thought in England from the Reformation to the End of the Last Century, Volume 2, London: Strahan & Co. [Reprint: Morrisville, NC: Lulu.com, 2007.] (Scholar)
• –––, 1873, Religious Thought in England from the Reformation to the End of the Last Century, Volume 3, London: Strahan & Co. [Reprint: Morrisville, NC: Lulu.com, 2007.] (Scholar)
• Justin 1997 [n.d. 151–5], First Apology in St. Justin Martyr: The First and Second Apologies, trans. L.W. Barnard, New York: Paulist Press, pp. 23–72.
• –––, 2003 [n.d. ca. 151–5], Dialogue with Trypho, trans. T. Falls and T. Halton, in St. Justin Martyr: Dialogue with Trypho, Washington, D.C.: The Catholic University of America Press, 3–212.
• Kelly, J. N. D., 1964, The Athanasian Creed, New York: Harper and Row. (Scholar)
• –––, 1978, Early Christian Doctrines, New York: Harper and Row. (Scholar)
• Kopecek, T. A., 1979, A History of Neo-Arianism, Vol. 1, Cambridge, MA: The Philadelphia Patristic Foundation, Ltd. (Scholar)
• Lamson, A., 1828. “On the Doctrine of Two Natures in Jesus Christ.” in Tracts of the American Unitarian Association, First Series, Vol. 2. Boston: 181–216. [Reprint: in Sixteen American Unitarian Tracts, Morrisville, NC: Lulu.com, 2007.] (Scholar)
• –––, 1875 [1860], The Church of the First Three Centuries: Or, Notices of the Lives and Opinions of the Early Fathers, with Special Reference to the Doctrine of the Trinity; Illustrating its Late Origin and Gradual Formation, Revised and Enlarged Edition, Boston: Horace B. Fuller. [Reprint: Toronto: University of Toronto Libraries, 2009.] (Scholar)
• Lardner, N., 1793a [1759], “A Letter Written in the Year 1730, Concerning the Question, Whether the Logos Supplied the Place of an Human Soul in the Person of Jesus Christ”, in Tracts. Printed and Published by the Unitarian Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge and the Practice of Virtue, Vol. 7, London: The Unitarian Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge and the Practice of Virtue, pp. 1–212. [Reprint: in Lardner on the Trinity, Morrisville, NC: Lulu.com, 2007.] (Scholar)
• –––, 1793b [1784], “Two Schemes of a Trinity Considered, and the Divine Unity Asserted. Four Discourses Upon Philip. ii. 5…11”, in Tracts. Printed and Published by the Unitarian Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge and the Practice of Virtue, Vol. 7, London: The Unitarian Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge and the Practice of Virtue, pp. 1–79. [Reprint: in Lardner on the Trinity, Morrisville, NC: Lulu.com, 2007.] (Scholar)
• Lasker, D. J., 1977, Jewish Philosophical Polemics Against Christianity in the Middle Ages, Portland, OR: Littman Library of Jewish Civilization, 2007. (Scholar)
• Leibniz, G. W., 1985 [1710], Theodicy, trans. E. Huggard, La Salle, Illinois: Open Court. (Scholar)
• Leith, J. H., 1982, Creeds of the Christian Churches: A Reader in Christian Doctrine from the Bible to the Present, Atlanta: John Knox Press. (Scholar)
• Lindsey, T., 1776, A Sequel to the Apology on Resigning the Vicarage of Catterick, Yorkshire, London; J. Johnson. [Reprint: Morrisville, NC: Lulu.com, 2008.] (Scholar)
• –––, 1783, An Historical View of the State of the Unitarian Doctrine and Worship, from the Reformation to Our Own Times, London: J. Johnson. (Scholar)
• –––, 1818 [1774], The Apology of Theophilus Lindsey on Resigning the Vicarage of Catterick, Yorkshire, 5th Edition, London: The Unitarian Society. [Reprint: Morrisville, NC: Lulu.com, 2007.] (Scholar)
• Mann, W. E., 2005, “Anselm on the Trinity”, in The Cambridge Companion to Anselm, B. Leftow and B. Davies (eds.), New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 257–78. (Scholar)
• Marenbon, J., 2003, Boethius, New York: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• –––, 2007, “Abelard’s Changing Thoughts on Sameness and Difference in Logic and Theology”, American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly, 81(2): 229–50. (Scholar)
• Matt, D. C., 1983, Zohar: The Book of Enlightenment, trans. D. C. Matt, Ramsey, New Jersey: Paulist Press. (Scholar)
• Morgan, C., 1853 [1795], An Investigation of the Trinity of Plato and of Philo Judaeus, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [Reprint: Morrisville, NC: Lulu.com, 2008.] (Scholar)
• Nazianzus, G., 2002 [379], Oration 31 in On God and Christ: The Five Theological Orations and Two Letters to Cleonides, trans. F. Williams and L. Wickham, Crestwood, New York: St. Vladimir’s Seminary Press, pp. 117–43. (Scholar)
• Newman, J., 1890 [1833], The Arians of the Fourth Century, Seventh Edition, London: Longmans, Green and Co. (Scholar)
• Norton, A., 1859 [1833], A Statement of Reasons for Not Believing the Doctrines of Trinitarians, Concerning the Nature of God and the Person of Christ, 3rd edition, Boston: Walker, Wise, and Company. [Reprint: Ann Arbor, MI: Scholarly Publishing Office, University of Michigan Library, 2005.] (Scholar)
• Novatian, 1886 [n.d., ca. 257], On the Trinity, trans. R. Wallis, in The Ante-Nicene Fathers, Volume 5: Fathers of the Third Century, A. Roberts, J. Donaldson, and A. Coxe (eds.), pp. 611–44. [Reprint: New York: Cosimo Classics, 2007.]
• Nye, S., 1691a [1690], The Acts of the Great Athanasius. With Notes, By Way of Illustration, On His Creed, 2nd edition, in The Faith of One God, T. Firmin (ed.), London: Thomas Firmin. [Reprint: in The Faith of One God, Morrisville, NC: Lulu.com, 2008.] (Scholar)
• –––, 1691b [1687], A Brief History of the Unitarians, Called Also Socinians. In Four Letters, Written to a Friend. The Second Edition, Corrected; with some Additions, in The Faith of One God, T. Firmin (ed.), London: Thomas Firmin. [Reprint: in The Faith of One God, Morrisville, North Carolina: Lulu.com, 2008.] (Scholar)
• –––, 1693, Considerations on the Explications of the Doctrine of the Trinity, in A Second Collection of Tracts, Proving The God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, the only True God, T. Firmin (ed.), London: Thomas Firmin. [Reprint: in A Second Collection of Tracts, Proving The God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, the only True God, Morrisville, North Carolina: Lulu.com, 2008.] (Scholar)
• Nyssa, G., 1954 [n.d., ca. 375], An Answer to Ablabius: That We Should Not Think of Saying There Are Three Gods, trans. C. C. Richardson in Christology of the Later Fathers, E. R. Hardy (ed.), Philadelphia: Westminster Press, pp. 256–67.
• –––, 1893 [n.d., ca. 385], The Great Catechism, trans. W. Moore in Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Second Series, Vol. 5, Gregory of Nyssa: Dogmatic Treatises, P. Schaff and H. Wallace (eds.), pp. 471–509. [Reprint: New York: Cosimo Classics, 2007.]
• Origen, 1973 [n.d., ca. 219–25], On First Principles: Being Koetschau’s Text of the De Principiis Translated into English, Together with an Introduction and Notes trans. G. W. Butterworth, Gloucester, MA: Peter Smith.
• Owen, J., 1852 [1655], Vindiciae Evangelicae: or, The Mystery of the Gospel Vindicated and Socinianism Examined, in The Works of John Owen Vol. 12, W. H. Goold (ed.), Edinburgh: T&T Clark. [Reprint: Morrisville, NC: Lulu.com, 2009.] (Scholar)
• Paasch, J., 2012, Divine Production in Late Medieval Trinitarian Theology: Henry of Ghent, Duns Scotus, and William Ockham, New York: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Pelikan, J., 1971, The Christian Tradition: A History of the Development of Doctrine. Vol. 1 The Emergence of the Catholic Tradition (100–600), Chicago: University of Chicago Press. (Scholar)
• –––, 1978. The Christian Tradition: A History of the Development of Doctrine. Vol. 3 The Growth of Medieval Theology (600–1300), Chicago: University of Chicago Press. (Scholar)
• Pfizenmaier, T. C., 1997, The Trinitarian Theology of Dr. Samuel Clarke (1675–1729): Context, Sources, and Controversy, New York: E. J. Brill. (Scholar)
• Philo, 1993 [n.d., ca. 1–50 CE], The Works of Philo, trans. C. Yonge, Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers.
• Plantinga, C., 1986, “Gregory of Nyssa and the Social Analogy of the Trinity”, The Thomist, 50: 325–52. (Scholar)
• Platti, E., 1994, “Yahya B. Adi and His Refutation of Al-Warraq’s Treatise on the Trinity in Relation to His Other Works”, in Christian Arabic Apologetics During the Abbasid Period (750–1258), S. K. Samir and J. S. Nielsen (eds.), New York: E. J. Brill, pp. 172–91. (Scholar)
• Plotinus, 2004 [n.d., ca. 263–70], Enneads, in Neoplatonic Philosophy: Introductory Readings, J. Dillon and L. P. Gerson (eds.), Indianapolis: Hackett.
• Pohle, J., 1919 [1912], The Divine Trinity: A Dogmatic Treatise, A. Preuss (ed.), St. Louis: B. Herder Book Co. [Reprint: Morrisville, NC: Lulu.com, 2008.] (Scholar)
• Priestley, J., 1791a [1771], An Appeal to the Serious and Candid Professors of Christianity, in Tracts. Printed and Published by the Unitarian Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge and the Practice of Virtue. Vol. 1, London: The Unitarian Society, pp. 1–75. [Reprint: in Three Tracts by Joseph Priestley, Morrisville, NC: Lulu.com, 2007.] (Scholar)
• –––, 1791b [1772], A Familiar Illustration of Certain Passages of Scripture, in Tracts. Printed and Published by the Unitarian Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge and the Practice of Virtue. Vol. 1, London: The Unitarian Society, pp. 77–177. [Reprint: in Three Tracts by Joseph Priestley, Morrisville, NC: Lulu.com, 2007.] (Scholar)
• Priestley, J., 1791c [1783], A General View of the Arguments for the Unity of God; and against the Divinity and Pre-Existence of Christ; from Reason, from the Scriptures, and from History, in Tracts. Printed and Published by the Unitarian Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge and the Practice of Virtue. Vol. 1, London: The Unitarian Society, pp. 179–214. [Reprint: in Three Tracts by Joseph Priestley, Morrisville, NC: Lulu.com, 2007.] (Scholar)
• –––, 1871 [1782], A History of the Corruptions of Christianity, London: The British and Foreign Unitarian Association. [Reprint: Morrisville, NC: Lulu.com, 2007.] (Scholar)
• Rees, T., 1818, “Historical Introduction” in The Racovian Catechism, trans. T. Rees, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, pp. i–xcii. [Reprint: in The Racovian Catechism, Morrisville, NC: Lulu.com, 2007.] (Scholar)
• Richard of St. Victor, 1979 [n.d. c. 1150–73], “[Book III of] On the Trinity” in Richard of St. Victor, trans. G. Zinn, New York: Paulist Press, pp. 371–397.
• Rubenstein, R. E., 1999, When Jesus Became God: The Struggle to Define Christianity During the Last Days of Rome, New York: Harcourt. (Scholar)
• Rusch, W. G. (ed.), 1980, The Trinitarian Controversy, Philadelphia: Fortress Press. (Scholar)
• Scholem, G., 1974, Kabbalah, New York: Meridian. (Scholar)
• Stead, G. C., 1977, Divine Substance, Oxford: Clarendon Press. (Scholar)
• –––, 1985, “The Origins of the Doctrine of the Trinity, 2” in his Substance and Illusion in the Christian Fathers, London: Variorum Reprints, pp. 582–8. (Scholar)
• –––, 1994, Philosophy in Christian Antiquity, New York: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• Stuart, M., 1834 [1825], Letters on the Trinity and on the Divinity of Christ; Addressed to the Rev. William E. Channing, in Answer to His Sermon “on the Doctrines of Christianity”, Aberdeen: George King. [Reprint: in Channing vs. Stuart on the Trinity and the Incarnation, Morrisville, NC: Lulu.com, 2007.] (Scholar)
• Swanson, M. N., 1995, “Ibn Taymiyya and the Kitab al-Burhan: A Muslim Controversialist Responds to a Ninth-Century Arabic Christian Apology”, in Christian-Muslim Encounters, Y. Y. Haddad and W. Z. Haddad (eds.), Gainesville: University Press of Florida, pp. 95–107. (Scholar)
• Tanner, N., 1990, Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, Vol. 1, Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press. (Scholar)
• Tavard, G., 1997, Trina Deitas: The Controversy Between Hincmar and Gottschalk, Milwaukee: Marquette University Press. (Scholar)
• Taymiyya, T. a.-D. A. i., 1984 [n.d., ca. 1317], A Muslim Theologian’s Response to Christianity [The Correct Answer to Those Who Changed the Religion of Christ], trans. T. F. Michel, Delmar, New York: Caravan Books,
• Tertullian, 1920 [n.d., ca. 218], Against Praxeas trans. A. Souter, New York: The Macmillan Company.
• Thom, P., 2012, The Logic of the Trinity: Augustine to Ockham, New York: Fordham University Press. (Scholar)
• Thomas, D., 2001, “The Doctrine of the Trinity in the Early Abbasid Era”, in Islamic Interpretations of Christianity, L. Ridgeon (ed.), Curzon: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 78–98. (Scholar)
• Timothy and Mahdi, 1993 [n.d., ca. 781], “The Dialogue of Patriarch Timothy I with Caliph Mahdi”, trans. A. Mingana, in The Early Christian-Muslim Dialogue: A Collection of Documents from the First Three Islamic Centuries (632–900 A. D). Translations with Commentary. N. A. Newman (ed.), Hatfield, Pennsylvania: Interdisciplinary Biblical Research Institute, pp. 163–267.
• Toulmin, J., 1791a [1789], A Review of the Life, Character and Writings of the Rev. John Biddle, M. A., in Tracts. Printed and Published by the Unitarian Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge and the Practice of Virtue, Vol. 4. London, pp. 1–141. (Scholar)
• –––, 1791b, The Meaning Which the Word Mystery Bears in the New Testament; Considered and Applied in a Sermon, Preached to an Assembly of Ministers, London: J. Johnson. (Scholar)
• Van Mildert, W., 1856, “A Review of the Author’s Life and Writings”, in The Works of the Rev. Daniel Waterland, D. D. Vol. 1. W. V. Mildert (ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 1–266. [Reprint: in The Works of the Rev. Daniel Waterland, D. D. Volume 1., Morrisville, NC: Lulu.com, 2007.] (Scholar)
• Walker, C., 2013, Reason and Religion in Late Seventeenth–Century England: The Politics and Theology of Radical Dissent, New York: I.B. Taurus. (Scholar)
• Waterland, D., 1856a [1719], A Vindication of Christ’s Divinity: Being a Defence of Some Queries, Relating to Dr. Clarke’s Scheme of the Holy Trinity, in Answer to a Clergyman in the Country, in The Works of the Rev. Daniel Waterland, D. D. Third Edition. Volume 1. W. V. Mildert (ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 267–563. [Reprint: in The Works of the Rev. Daniel Waterland, D. D. Volume 1., Morrisville, NC: Lulu.com, 2007.] (Scholar)
• –––, 1856b [1720], Eight Sermons Preached at the Cathedral Church of St. Paul, in Defence of the Divinity of Our Lord Jesus Christ, in The Works of the Rev. Daniel Waterland, D. D. Third Edition. Volume 2, W. V. Mildert (ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 1–196. [Reprint: in Waterland on the Trinity, Morrisville, NC: Lulu.com, 2007.] (Scholar)
• –––, 1856c [1723], A Second Vindication of Christ’s Divinity: Or, a Defence of Some Queries, Relating to Dr. Clarke’s Scheme of the Holy Trinity, in Answer to the Country Clergyman’s Reply, in The Works of the Rev. Daniel Waterland, D. D. Third Edition. Volume 2, W. V. Mildert (ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 365–768. [Reprint: in Waterland’s Vindications of Christ’s Divinity, Morrisville, NC: Lulu.com, 2007.] (Scholar)
• –––, 1856d [1724], A Further Vindication of Christ’s Divinity: In Answer to a Pamphlet, Entitled Observations on Dr. Waterland’s Second Defence, in The Works of the Rev. Daniel Waterland, D. D. Third Edition. Volume 3, W. V. Mildert (ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 1–96. [Reprint: in Waterland’s Vindications of Christ’s Divinity, Morrisville, NC: Lulu.com, 2007.] (Scholar)
• –––, 1856e [1734], The Importance of the Doctrine of the Holy Trinity Asserted, &C. in The Works of the Rev. Daniel Waterland, D. D. Third Edition. Volume 3, W. V. Mildert (ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 389–696. [Reprint: in Waterland on the Trinity, Morrisville, NC: Lulu.com, 2007.] (Scholar)
• Whitby, D., 1841 [1727], Hysterai Phrontides. Or, The Last Thoughts of Dr. Whitby, London: The Unitarian Association. [Reprint: as The Last Thoughts of Dr. Whitby, Morrisville, NC: Lulu.com, 2007.] (Scholar)
• Wiles, M., 1996, Archetypal Heresy: Arianism Through The Centuries, New York: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Williams, G. H., 1967, “Unitarianism”, in The Encyclopedia of Philosophy, P. Edwards (ed.), New York: Macmillan. (Scholar)
• –––, 2000, The Radical Reformation, Third Edition, Kirksville, MO: Truman State University Press. (Scholar)
• Williams, R., 2001, Arius: Heresy and Tradition, Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans. (Scholar)
• Wilson, J., 1846 [1833], Scripture Proofs and Scriptural Illustrations of Unitarianism, 3rd Edition, London: Chapman Brothers. [Reprint: Morrisville, NC: Lulu.com, 2007.] (Scholar)
• Wolfson, H., 1973, Studies in the History of Philosophy and Religion, Vol. 1, I. Twersky and G. Williams (eds.), Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. (Scholar)
• –––, 1976, The Philosophy of Kalam, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. (Scholar)
• –––, 1977, “Saadia on the Trinity and Incarnation”, in Studies in the History of Philosophy and Religion, Vol. 2, I. Twersky and G. H. Williams (eds.), Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, pp. 393–414. (Scholar)
• Worcester, N., 1854 [1810], Bible News: Or, Sacred Truths Relating to the Living God, His only Son, and Holy Spirit, Fifth Edition, Boston: Crosby, Nichols, & Co. [Reprint: Morrisville, NC: Lulu.com, 2008.] (Scholar)