Primary Works

• Golden Garland of Eloquence (Legs bshad gser phreng), 1388–89. Translation: Sparham, Gareth (trans.), 2007–13, Golden Garland of Eloquence, 4 volumes, Fremont, CA: Jain Publishing. (Scholar)
• The Great Treatise on the Stages of the Path to Enlightenment (Lam rim chen mo), 1402. Translations: Lamrim Chenmo Translation Committee (trans.), 2000–2004, The Great Treatise on the Stages of the Path to Enlightenment, 3 volumes, Joshua W. C. Cutler (ed. in chief), Guy Newland (ed.), Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion
  • Publications. (Scholar)
• The Great Exposition of Tantra (sNgags rim chen mo), 1405. Translation: Yarnall, Thomas F. (trans.), 2013, Great Treatise on The Stages of Mantra (sngags rim chen mo): (critical elucidation of the key instructions in all the secret stages of the path of the victorious universal lord, Great Vajradhara): chapters XI-XII, the creation stage, Robert A. F. Thurman (ed.), (Treasury of the Buddhist sciences series), New York: The American Institute of Buddhist Studies. (Scholar)
• Essence of Eloquence (Legs bshad snying po), 1407.
• Ocean of Reasoning (Rigs pa’ i rgya mtsho), 1408. A commentary on Nāgārjuna’s Fundamental Wisdom of the Middle. Translations: Ngawang Samten and Jay L. Garfield (trans.), 2006, Ocean of Reasoning: A Great Commentary on Nāgārjuna’s Mūlamadhyamakakārikā, New York: Oxford University Press.
• A Lamp to Illuminate the Five Stages of Guhyasamāja (gSang ’dus rim lnga gsal sgron), 1411. Translations:
  • Kilty, Gavin (trans.), 2013, A Lamp to Illuminate the Five Stages: Teachings on Guhyasamja Tantra (The Library of Tibetan Classics), Boston, MA: Wisdom Publications in association with the Institute of Tibetan Classics.
  • Thurman, Robert A. F. (trans.), 2010, Brilliant Illumination of the Lamp of the Five Stages: Practical Instruction in the King of Tantras, “The Glorious Esoteric Community”, Thomas F. Yarnall (ed.), (Treasury of the Buddhist Sciences), New York: American institute of Buddhist studies. (Scholar)
• The Middle-Length Treatise on the Stages of the Path to Enlightenment (Lam rim ’bring), 1415. Translations: Philip Quarcoo (trans.), 2021, The Middle-Length Treatise on the Stages of the Path to Enlightenment. First. Somerville: Wisdom Publications, Inc.
• Illuminating the Intent (dGongs pa rab gsal), 1418; a commentary on Candrakīrti’s Entering the Middle Way (Madhyamakāvatāra). (Scholar)
• Ālaya-vijñāna (The Foundation, Storehouse, Basis-of all Consciousness). Translation: Sparham, Gareth (trans.), 1993, Ocean of Eloquence: Tsong kha pa’s Commentary on the Yogācāra Doctrine of Mind, (SUNY Series in Buddhist Studies), Albany, NY: State Univ. of New York Press. (Scholar)
• Explanation of the Difficult Points (Kun gzhi dka’ ’grel).
• In Praise of Dependent Origination (brTen ’brel bstod pa). Translation:
  • Jinpa, Thupten (trans.), undated, “In Praise of Dependent Origination”. Available from Jinpa undated available online (pdf).
• Practical Guide to the Five Stages of Guhyasamaja Completion Stage in a Single Sitting Blo bzang grags pa, 2021, “rGyud kyi rgyal po dpal gsang ba ’dus pa’i rdzogs rim rim lnga gdan rdzogs kyi dmar khrud bzhigs so”, in rJe tsong kha pa’i gsung ’bum bzhugs so, second edition, nya:184–303. Bylakuppe: Ser byes rig mdzod chen mo’i rtsom sgrig khang. (Scholar)

Collected Works

• Three sets of Collected Works of Tsongkhapa are available at the Buddhist Digital Resource Center in Tibetan language.
  • Kumbum Jampaling
  • Tashilhunpo Parnying
  • Lhasa Sho

Secondary Works

• Apple, James, 2008, Stairway to Nirvāṇa: A Study of the Twenty Saṃghas Based on the Works of Tsong Kha Pa, Albany: State University of New York Press. (Scholar)
• Bentor, Yael, 2014, “Interpreting the Body Maṇḍala: Tsongkhapa versus Later Gelug Scholars”, in Trails of the Tibetan Tradition: Papers for Elliot Sperling, Roberto Vitali (ed.), (Revue d’Etudes Tibétaines 31), Dharamshala, India: Amnye Machen Institute, 63–74. [Bentor 2014 available online (pdf)] (Scholar)
• Cabezón, José Ignacio (trans.), 1992, A Dose of Emptiness: An Annotated Translation of the sTong thun chen mo’ of mKhas-grub dGe-legs-dpal-bzang (SUNY Series in Buddhist Studies), Albany, NY: State University of New York Press. (Scholar)
• Cabezón, José Ignacio and Lobsang Dargyay (trans), 2007, Freedom from Extremes: Gorampa’s “Distinguishing the Views” and the Polemics of Emptiness (Studies in Indian and Tibetan Buddhism), Boston, MA: Wisdom Publications. (Scholar)
• Cowherds (Georges Dreyfus, Bronwyn Finnigan, Jay L. Garfield, Guy Newland, Graham Priest, Mark Siderits, Koji Tanaka, Sonam Thakchöe, Tom Tillemans, and Jan Westerhoff), 2011, Moonshadows: Conventional Truth in Buddhist Philosophy, Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199751426.001.0001
• Dargyay, Lobsang, 1987, “Tsong-Kha-Pa’s Understanding of Prāsaṅgika Thought”, Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies, 10(1): 55–65. (Scholar)
• Das, Sarat Chandra, 1882 [1970], “Life and Legend of Tsoṅ Khapa (Lo-ssaṅ-tagpa), The Great Buddhist Reformer of Tibet”, Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. Collected in his Contributions on the Religion and History of Tibet (Bibliotheca Himalayica), New Delhi: Manjuśrī Publishing House, 1970. 51(1): 53–57 (article VI). (Scholar)
• Dreyfus, Georges B. J., 1997, Recognizing Reality: Dharmakīrti’s Philosophy and Its Tibetan Interpretations (SUNY Series in Buddhist Studies), Albany, NY: State University of New York Press. (Scholar)
• Dreyfus, Georges B. J. and Sara L. McClintock (eds), 2003, The Svātantrika-Prāsaṅgika Distinction: What Difference Does a Difference Make? (Studies in Indian and Tibetan Buddhism), Boston, MA: Wisdom Publications. (Scholar)
• Falls, Edward Ray, 2010, “Tsong Kha Pa and the Foundations of Rationality”, PhD thesis, Emory University. [Falls 2010 available online] (Scholar)
• Garfield, Jay L., 2006, “The Conventional Status of Reflexive Awareness: What’s at Stake in a Tibetan Debate?”, Philosophy East and West, 56(2): 201–228. doi:10.1353/pew.2006.0020 (Scholar)
• Garfield, Jay L. and Sonam Thakchöe, 2011, “Identifying the Object of Negation and the Status of Conventional Truth: Why the dGag Bya Matters So Much to Tibetan Mādhyamikas”, in Cowherds 2011: 73–88 (ch. 5). (Scholar)
• Gray, David B., and Tsong-kha-pa, 2017, Illumination of the Hidden Meaning: Maṇḍala, Mantra, and the Cult of the Yoginīs, New York (N.Y.): American Institute of Buddhist Studies Columbia University Center for Buddhist Studies and Tibet House US Columbia University Press. (Scholar)
• Hopkins, Jeffrey, 1999, Emptiness in the Mind-Only School of Buddhism: Dynamic Responses to D̄zong-ka-b̄a’s ‘The Essence of Eloquence’, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. (Scholar)
• –––, 2002, Reflections on Reality: The Three Natures and Non-Natures in the Mind-Only School: Dynamic Responses to D̄zong-ka-bā’s ‘The Essence of Eloquence: Volume 2’, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. (Scholar)
• –––, 2005, Absorption in No External World: 170 Issues in Mind-Only Buddhism, Kevin Vose (ed.), (Dynamic Responses to D̄zong-ka-b̄a’s The Essence of Eloquence 3), Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion Publications. (Scholar)
• ––– (trans.), 2006, Mountain Doctrine: Tibet’s Fundamental Treatise on Other-Emptiness and the Buddha-Matrix, Ithaca, N.Y: Snow Lion Publications. (Scholar)
• –––, 2008, Tsong-kha-pa’s Final Exposition of Wisdom, Kevin Vose (ed.), Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion Publications. (Scholar)
• ––– (trans.), 2016, The Great Exposition of Secret Mantra, 3 volumes, Boulder, CO: Snow Lion. (Scholar)
• Jinpa, Thupten, 2002, Self, Reality and Reason in Tibetan Philosophy: Tsongkhapa’s Quest for the Middle Way (Curzon Critical Studies in Buddhism Series), London/New York: RoutledgeCurzon. (Scholar)
• –––, 2019, Tsongkhapa: A Buddha in the Land of Snows (Lives of the Masters), Boulder, CO: Shambhala. (Scholar)
• ––– (trans.), 2021, Illuminating the Intent: An Exposition of Candrakīrti’s “Entering the Middle Way” (Library of Tibetan Classics, 19), Somerville, MA: Wisdom Publications. (Scholar)
• Kaschewsky, Rudolf, ed. 1971. Das Leben des lamaistischen Heiligen Tsongkhapa Blo-Bzan-Grags-Pa (1357-1419), dargestellt und erläutert anhand seiner Vita: Quellort allen Glückes. Aslatische Forschungen; Bd. 32. Wiesbaden: O. Harrassowitz. (Scholar)
• Kay, David N., 2004, Tibetan and Zen Buddhism in Britain: Transplantation, Development and Adaptation (RoutledgeCurzon Critical Studies in Buddhism), London/New York: RoutledgeCurzon. doi:10.4324/9780203963623 (Scholar)
• Kensur Yeshey Tupden, 1994, Path to the Middle: Oral Mādhyamika Philosophy in Tibet: The Spoken Scholarship of Kensur Yeshey Tupden Commenting on Tsong-Kha-Pa’s Illumination of the Thought, Extensive Explanation of (Candrakīrti’s) “Entrance to (Nāgārjuna’s) ‘Treatise on the Middle Way’”: (Dbu Ma Dgongs Pa Rab Gsal), the Sixth Chapter, “Perfection of Wisdom” Verses 1–7, Anne C. Klein (ed.). Anne C. Klein and Jeffrey Hopkins (trans), (SUNY Series in Buddhist Studies), Albany, NY: State University of New York Press. (Scholar)
• Matsumoto, Shirō, 1948, “The Mādhyamika Philosophy of Tsong-Kha-Pa”, Memoirs of the Research Department of the Toyo Bunko, 48: 17–47. (Scholar)
• Monier-Williams, Monier, 1889, Buddhism in Its Connexion with Brāhmanism and Hindūism and in Its Contrast with Christianity, Duff Lectures, University of Edinburgh, 1888, New York: Macmillan. (Scholar)
• Napper, Elizabeth, 1989, Dependent-Arising and Emptiness: A Tibetan Buddhist Interpretation of Madhyamika Philosophy Emphasizing the Compatibility of Emptiness and Conventional Phenomena (A Wisdon Advanced Book. Blue Series), Boston: Wisdom Publications. (Scholar)
• Natanya Rolf, Eva, 2017, “Sacred Illusion: On Purity and Creation in Je Tsongkhapa’s Philosophy of Tantra”, PhD thesis, University of Virginia. doi:10.18130/v3zw5v (Scholar)
• Newland, Guy Martin, 1992, The Two Truths in the Mādhyamika Philosophy of the Geluk-ba Order of Tibetan Buddhism, Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion. (Scholar)
• ––– (trans.), 2017, Just What Are the Two Truths in the Middle Way Consequence School? Section One: Jam-yang-shay-pa’s ‘Great Exposition of the Middle: Chapter Six’, Dual language edition by Craig Preston in collaboration with Lo-san-gyal-tshan, Jeffrey Hopkins (ed.), UMA Institute for Tibetan Studies. [Newland 2017 available online] (Scholar)
• Roloff, Carola [Jampa Tsedroen] (trans./ed.), 2009, Red Mda’ba, Buddhist Yogi-Scholar of the Fourteenth Century: The Forgotten Reviver of Madhyamaka Philosophy in Tibet (Contributions to Tibetan Studies 7), Wiesbaden: Reichert. (Scholar)
• Ruegg, David Seyfort, 2000, “On Epistemological-Logical (pramāṇa) Theory and the Ontic in Tsoṅ Kha Pa’s Madhyamaka Philosophy”, in his Three Studies in the History of Indian and Tibetan Madhyamaka Philosophy (Wiener Studien zur Tibetologie und Buddhismuskunde 50), Wien: Arbeitskreis für Tibetische und Buddhistische Studien, Universität Wien, section III. (Scholar)
• –––, 2002, Two Prolegomena to Madhyamaka Philosophy: Candrakīrti’s Prasannapadā Madhyamakavṛttiḥ on Madhyamakakārikā I.1, and Tsoṅ kha pa blo bzaṅ grags pa / rGyal tshab dar ma rin chen’s dka’ gnad/gnas brgyad kyi zin bris: Annotated Translations (Wiener Studien zur Tibetologie und Buddhismuskunde 54), Wien: Arbeitskreis für Tibetische und Buddhistische Studien, Universität Wien. (Scholar)
• –––, 2004, “The Indian and the Indic in Tibetan Cultural History, and Tson kha pa’s Achievement as a Scholar and Thinker: An Essay on the Concepts of Buddhism in Tibet and Tibetan Buddhism”, Journal of Indian Philosophy, 32(4): 321–343. doi:10.1023/b:indi.0000044307.20673.5d (Scholar)
• Sparham, Gareth (trans.), 2005, Tantric Ethics: An Explanation of the Precepts for Buddhist Vajrayāna Practice, Boston, MA: Wisdom Publications. (Scholar)
• Tatz, Mark (trans.), 1986, Asaṅga’s Chapter on Ethics with the Commentary of Tsong-Kha-Pa, The Basic Path to Awakening, The Complete Bodhisattva (Studies in Asian Thought and Religion 4), Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press. (Scholar)
• –––, 1990, “Who Is Tsong-Kha-Pa Refuting in His Basic Path to Awakening?”, in Reflections on Tibetan Culture: Essays in Memory of Turrell V. Wylie, Lawrence Epstein and Richard Sherburne (eds), (Studies in Asian Thought and Religion 12), Lewiston, NY: E. Mellen Press, 149–163. (Scholar)
• Tauscher, Helmut, 1992, “Controversies in Tibetan Madhyamaka Exegisis: sTag Tshan Lotsāba’s Critique of Tson Kha Pa’s Assertion of Validly Established Phenomena”, Asiatische Studien: Zeitschrift der Schweizerischen Asiengesellschaft = Études Asiatiques : Revue de La Société Suisse - Asie, 46(1): 411–436. doi:10.5169/seals-146966 (Scholar)
• –––, 1995, Die Lehre von den zwei Wirklichkeiten in Tsoṅ kha pas Madhyamaka-Werken (Wiener Studien zur Tibetologie und Buddhismuskunde 36), Wien: Arbeitskreis für Tibetische und Buddhistische Studien, Universität Wien. (Scholar)
• –––, 2009–2010, “Remarks on Phya pa Chos kyi seng ge and his Madhyamaka Treatises”, The Tibet Journal, 34/35(3/2): 1–35. (Scholar)
• Thakchöe, Sonam, 2007, The Two Truths Debate: Tsongkhapa and Gorampa on the Middle Way, Boston: Wisdom Publications. (Scholar)
• Thurman, Robert A. F. (trans.), 1984, Tsong Khapa’s Speech of Gold in the Essence of True Eloquence: Reason and Enlightenment in the Central Philosophy of Tibet (Princeton Library of Asian Translations), Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. (Scholar)
• ––– (ed.), (1982) 2018, The Life and Teachings of Tsongkhapa, Revised edition, Somerville, MA: Wisdom Publications. (Scholar)
• Tillemans, Tom J. F., 1992, “Tsong kha pa et al. on the Bhāvaviveka-Candrakīrti Debate”, in Tibetan Studies, Proceedings of the 5th Seminar of the International Association for Tibetan Studies, NARITA 1989, Shoren Ihara and Zuiho Yamaguchi (eds), (Monograph Series, Occasional Papers 2), Narita: Naritasan Shinshoji, 1: 315–326. (Scholar)
• –––, 1998, “Tsong kha pa Blo bzang grags pa (1357–1419)”, in Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, London: Routledge, 487–490. doi:10.4324/9780415249126-f034-1 (Scholar)
• Tsering, Sonam, 2020, “The Role of Texts in the Formation of the Geluk School in Tibet during the Mid-Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries”, PhD thesis, Columbia University. doi:10.7916/d8-wn60-y533 (Scholar)
• van der Kuijp, Leonard W. J., 1985, “Apropos of a Recent Contribution to the History of the Central Way Philosophy in Tibet: Tsong-kha-pa’s Speech of Gold”, Berliner Indologische Studien, 1: 47–74. (Scholar)
• Vose, Kevin, 2009, Resurrecting Candrakīrti: Disputes in the Tibetan Creation of Prāsaṅgika (Studies in Indian and Tibetan Buddhism), Boston: Wisdom Publications. (Scholar)
• Vostrikov, Andreĭ Ivanovitch, and Harish Chandra Gupta, 1970, Tibetan Historical Literature, Richmond: Curzon Press. (Scholar)
• Wangchuk, Dorji, 2007, The Resolve to Become a Buddha: A Study of the Bodhicitta Concept in Indo-Tibetan Buddhism (Studia Philologica Buddhica. Monograph Series 23), Tokyo: International Institute for Buddhist Studies of the International College for Postgraduate Buddhist Studies. (Scholar)
• –––, 2013, “On the Status of the Yogācāra School in Tibetan Buddhism”, in The Foundation for Yoga Practitioners: The Buddhist Yogācārabhūmi Treatise and Its Adaptation in India, East Asia, and Tibet, Ulrich Timme Kragh (ed.), (Harvard Oriental Series 75), Cambridge, MA: Harvard University, Department of South Asian studies, 1316–1328. (Scholar)
• Wangchuk, Tsering, 2009, “The Uttaratantra in the Age of Argumentation: Dolpopa Sherab Gyaltsen and His Fourteenth-Century Interlocutors on Buddha-Lineage”, PhD thesis, University of Virginia. doi:10.18130/v3fv7m (Scholar)
• Williams, Paul, 1983, “A Note on Some Aspects of Mi bskyod rdo rje’s Critique of dGe lugs pa Madhyamaka”, Journal of Indian Philosophy, 11(2): 125–145. doi:10.1007/bf00198620 (Scholar)
• –––, 1998a, The Reflexive Nature of Awareness: A Tibetan Madhyamaka Defence, (Curzon Critical Studies in Buddhism), Richmond, Surrey: Curzon. doi:10.4324/9781315027302 (Scholar)
• –––, 1998b, Altruism and Reality: Studies in the Philosophy of the Bodhicaryāvatāra (Curzon Critical Studies in Buddhism), Richmond, Surrey: Curzon. doi:10.4324/9781315027319 (Scholar)
• Yakherds, The (ed.), 2021, Knowing Illusion: Bringing a Tibetan Debate into Contemporary Discourse, New York: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/oso/9780197603673.001.0001 (Scholar)
• Yi, Jongbok (trans.), 2015, The Opposite of Emptiness in the Middle Way Autonomy School: Jam-yang-shay-pa’s ‘Great Exposition of the Middle’: Chapter Six, Object of Negation 1, in collaboration with Lo-sang-gyal-tshan, Jeffrey Hopkins (ed.), The UMA Institute for Tibetan Studies. [Yi 2015 available online (pdf), from. (Scholar)
• Yoshimizu, Chizuko, 1989, Descriptive Catalogue of the Naritasan Institute Collection of Tibetan Works (Volume 1), Narita: Naritasan shinshoji. (Scholar)
• Yotsuya, Kodo, 1999, The Critique of Svatantra Reasoning by Candrakīrti and Tsong-Kha-Pa: A Study of Philosophical Proof According to Two Prāsaṅgika Madhyamaka Traditions of India and Tibet (Tibetan and Indo-Tibetan Studies 8), Stuttgart: Steiner. (Scholar)