Primary Literature

• Bentham, Jeremy, 1789 [PML]. An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation., Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1907.
• –––, 1785 [OAO]. “Offences Against Oneself.” Louis Compton (ed.), The Journal of Homosexuality, 3(4) (1978): 389–406, 4(1): 91–107..
• Cooper, Anthony Ashley (3^rd Earl of Shaftesbury), 1711 [IVM]. Inquiry Concerning Virtue or Merit, in Characteristics of Men, Manners, Opinions and Times, excerpts reprinted in Raphael 1969.
• Cumberland, Richard, 1672. De Legibus Naturae Disquisitio Philosophica, London. English translation by John Maxwell, A Treatise of the Laws of Nature, 1727, reprinted New York, Garland, 1978. (Scholar)
• Gay, John, 1731. A Dissertation Concerning the Fundamental Principle and Immediate Criterion of Virtue in Frances King's An Essay on the Origin of Evil, London. (Scholar)
• Hume, David, 1738. A Treatise of Human Nature, edited by L. A. Selby-Bigge, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1978. (Scholar)
• Hutcheson, Francis, 1725. An Inquiry into the Original of our Ideas of Beauty and Virtue, London; excerpts reprinted in Raphael 1969. (Scholar)
• Mill, John Stuart, 1843. A System of Logic, London: John W. Parker. (Scholar)
• –––, 1859. On Liberty, London: Longman, Roberts & Green. (Scholar)
• –––, 1861 [U]. Utilitarianism, Roger Crisp (ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.
• Moore, G. E., 1903 [PE]. Principia Ethica, Amherst, New York: Prometheus Books, 1988.
• Price, Richard, 1758 [PE]. A Review of the Principle Questions in Morals, London: T. Cadell in the Strand, 1787.
• Raphael, D. D., 1969 [R]. British Moralists, in two volumes, London: Oxford, Clarendon Press.

Secondary Literature

• Crisp, Roger, 1997. Mill on Utilitarianism., London: Routledge. (Scholar)
• Darwall, Stephen, 1995. Hume and the Invention of Utilitarianism, University Park, PA: Penn State University Press. (Scholar)
• Donner, Wendy, 1991. The Liberal Self: John Stuart Mill's Moral and Political Philosophy, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. (Scholar)
• –––, 2011. “Morality, Virtue, and Aesthetics in Mill's Art of Life,” in Ben Eggleston, Dale E. Miller, and David Weinstein (eds.) John Stuart Mill and the Art of Life, Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Driver, Julia, 2004. “Pleasure as the Standard of Virtue in Hume's Moral Philosophy.” Pacific Philosophical Quarterly., 85: 173–194. (Scholar)
• –––, 2011. Consequentialism, London: Routledge. (Scholar)
• Gill, Michael, 2006. The British Moralists on Human Nature and the Birth of Secular Ethics, New York: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• Hruschka, Joachim, 1991. “The Greatest Happiness Principle and Other Early German Anticipations of Utilitarian Theory,” Utilitas, 3: 165–77. (Scholar)
• Long, Douglas, 1990. “‘Utility’ and the ‘Utility Principle’: Hume, Smith, Bentham, Mill,” Utilitas, 2: 12–39. (Scholar)
• Rosen, Frederick, 2003. “Reading Hume Backwards: Utility as the Foundation of Morals,” in Frederick Rosen (ed.), Classical Utilitarianism from Hume to Mill, London: Routledge, 29–57. (Scholar)
• Rosenblum, Nancy, 1978. Bentham's Theory of the Modern State, New York: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• Ryan, Alan, 1990. The Philosophy of John Stuart Mill, Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books. (Scholar)
• Scarre, Geoffrey, 1996. Utilitarianism, London: Routledge. (Scholar)
• Schneewind, J. B., 1977. Sidgwick's Ethics and Victorian Moral Philosophy, Oxford: Clarendon Press. (Scholar)
• –––, 1990. “The Misfortunes of Virtue,” Ethics, 101: 42–63. (Scholar)
• Schofield, Philip, 2006. Utility and Democracy: the Political Thought of Jeremy Bentham, Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Scholar)
• Schultz, Bart, 2004. Henry Sidgwick, Eye of the Universe, New York: Cambridge University Press. (Scholar)
• Skorupski, John, 1989. John Stuart Mill, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. (Scholar)