The PhilPapers SurveysHighest linear correlations (Back to contents)

Correlations with: Mental content:externalism

N = 931 (target faculty). Cut-off = +/-0.05

n < 10 omitted. Some redundant or trivial correlations are not shown.

Jump to: Main Survey questions | Philosophical orientation | Background questions

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Main Survey questions

Answer Corrrelation coefficient
Epistemic justification:externalism0.306
externalism internalism
externalism
65.1%(323/496)
21.7%(108/496)
internalism
30.4%(64/210)
51.9%(109/210)
Response pairs: 822   p-value: < 0.001
Moral motivation:externalism0.218
internalism externalism
externalism
38.3%(165/430)
45.5%(196/430)
internalism
62.3%(116/186)
27.9%(52/186)
Response pairs: 721   p-value: < 0.001
Proper names:Millian0.202
Millian Fregean
externalism
50.5%(231/457)
38.7%(177/457)
internalism
29.5%(55/186)
53.2%(99/186)
Response pairs: 747   p-value: < 0.001
Perceptual experience:disjunctivism0.195
disjunctivism not disjunctivism
externalism
19%(78/409)
66.7%(273/409)
internalism
6.2%(12/192)
82.8%(159/192)
Response pairs: 689   p-value: < 0.001
External world:non-skeptical realism0.172
non-skeptical realism not non-skeptical realism
externalism
87.5%(445/508)
9%(46/508)
internalism
77.3%(167/216)
21.2%(46/216)
Response pairs: 845   p-value: < 0.001
Science:scientific realism0.156
scientific realism scientific anti-realism
externalism
82.1%(415/505)
11.4%(58/505)
internalism
74%(163/220)
20.4%(45/220)
Response pairs: 843   p-value: < 0.001
not External world:idealism0.135
idealism not idealism
externalism
2.1%(11/508)
94.4%(480/508)
internalism
8.7%(19/216)
89.8%(194/216)
Response pairs: 845   p-value: < 0.001
Zombies:conceivable but not metaphysically possible0.133
conceivable but not metaphysically possible not conceivable but not metaphysically possible
externalism
42.3%(201/475)
45.8%(218/475)
internalism
30.1%(60/199)
57.7%(115/199)
Response pairs: 784   p-value: < 0.001
Time:B-theory0.133
B-theory A-theory
externalism
51.6%(174/337)
25.2%(85/337)
internalism
38.5%(57/148)
41.8%(62/148)
Response pairs: 558   p-value: 0.001
Free will:compatibilism0.117
compatibilism not compatibilism
externalism
64.4%(319/495)
27.2%(135/495)
internalism
55.1%(118/214)
38.7%(83/214)
Response pairs: 830   p-value: < 0.001
Mind:physicalism0.112
physicalism non-physicalism
externalism
61%(310/508)
26.9%(137/508)
internalism
51.8%(114/220)
40.9%(90/220)
Response pairs: 853   p-value: 0.001
not Truth:epistemic0.11
epistemic not epistemic
externalism
4.5%(22/481)
89.1%(429/481)
internalism
13.2%(28/212)
83.4%(177/212)
Response pairs: 807   p-value: 0.001
Moral judgment:cognitivism0.103
cognitivism non-cognitivism
externalism
76%(371/488)
17.6%(86/488)
internalism
67.9%(140/206)
24.7%(51/206)
Response pairs: 813   p-value: 0.003
not Zombies:metaphysically possible0.103
metaphysically possible not metaphysically possible
externalism
25%(119/475)
63.1%(300/475)
internalism
37.1%(74/199)
50.7%(101/199)
Response pairs: 784   p-value: 0.003
Metaphilosophy:naturalism0.102
naturalism non-naturalism
externalism
55.1%(264/479)
27.7%(133/479)
internalism
51.7%(106/205)
39%(80/205)
Response pairs: 798   p-value: 0.003
Personal identity:biological view0.099
biological view not biological view
externalism
22.5%(102/452)
58.6%(265/452)
internalism
12.5%(25/200)
68.5%(137/200)
Response pairs: 758   p-value: 0.006
God:atheism0.096
atheism theism
externalism
77.3%(390/504)
15.4%(78/504)
internalism
67.8%(148/218)
23.3%(51/218)
Response pairs: 846   p-value: 0.005
Politics:egalitarianism0.096
egalitarianism not egalitarianism
externalism
47.4%(202/426)
36.6%(156/426)
internalism
32.9%(57/173)
51.4%(89/173)
Response pairs: 692   p-value: 0.011
Abstract objects:Platonism0.094
Platonism nominalism
externalism
44.5%(222/498)
44.3%(221/498)
internalism
39.9%(85/213)
52.1%(111/213)
Response pairs: 830   p-value: 0.006
Trolley problem:switch0.092
switch don't switch
externalism
78%(378/484)
9.9%(48/484)
internalism
70.1%(141/201)
14.9%(30/201)
Response pairs: 803   p-value: 0.009
Analytic-synthetic distinction:no0.081
no yes
externalism
31.3%(160/510)
63.7%(325/510)
internalism
20.9%(46/220)
76.3%(168/220)
Response pairs: 851   p-value: 0.018
Teletransporter:death0.08
death survival
externalism
38.9%(185/475)
42.9%(204/475)
internalism
29.4%(58/197)
48.7%(96/197)
Response pairs: 779   p-value: 0.025
Newcomb's problem:two boxes0.077
two boxes one box
externalism
46.7%(181/387)
29.7%(115/387)
internalism
42.4%(65/153)
35.2%(54/153)
Response pairs: 630   p-value: 0.053
Meta-ethics:moral realism0.076
moral realism moral anti-realism
externalism
61.2%(305/498)
32.1%(160/498)
internalism
57.4%(123/214)
34.5%(74/214)
Response pairs: 831   p-value: 0.028
Aesthetic value:objective0.074
objective subjective
externalism
49.1%(243/494)
37%(183/494)
internalism
42.3%(91/215)
44.1%(95/215)
Response pairs: 829   p-value: 0.033
not Free will:libertarianism0.073
libertarianism not libertarianism
externalism
12.7%(63/495)
78.9%(391/495)
internalism
20%(43/214)
73.8%(158/214)
Response pairs: 830   p-value: 0.035
Knowledge claims:invariantism0.071
invariantism not invariantism
externalism
39.5%(181/458)
52.1%(239/458)
internalism
39%(75/192)
50%(96/192)
Response pairs: 756   p-value: 0.051
Truth:correspondence0.06
correspondence not correspondence
externalism
55.5%(267/481)
38.2%(184/481)
internalism
54.7%(116/212)
41.9%(89/212)
Response pairs: 807   p-value: 0.088
not Politics:libertarianism0.056
libertarianism not libertarianism
externalism
11.2%(48/426)
72.7%(310/426)
internalism
17.3%(30/173)
67%(116/173)
Response pairs: 692   p-value: 0.141
not External world:skepticism0.055
skepticism not skepticism
externalism
3.9%(20/508)
92.7%(471/508)
internalism
5.5%(12/216)
93%(201/216)
Response pairs: 845   p-value: 0.11
not Knowledge claims:relativism0.055
relativism not relativism
externalism
3.4%(16/458)
88.2%(404/458)
internalism
3.6%(7/192)
85.4%(164/192)
Response pairs: 756   p-value: 0.13
not Free will:no free will0.053
no free will free will
externalism
11.9%(59/495)
79.7%(395/495)
internalism
16.3%(35/214)
77.5%(166/214)
Response pairs: 830   p-value: 0.127

Philosophical orientation

Answer Corrrelation coefficient
AOS:Philosophy of Language0.155
Philosophy of Language not Philosophy of Language
externalism
24.2%(124/512)
75.7%(388/512)
internalism
13.1%(29/220)
86.8%(191/220)
Response pairs: 857   p-value: < 0.001
tradition:analytic0.128
analytic continental
externalism
92.1%(472/512)
2.3%(12/512)
internalism
84.5%(186/220)
5.9%(13/220)
Response pairs: 857   p-value: < 0.001
not AOS:17th/18th Century Philosophy0.117
17th/18th Century Philosophy not 17th/18th Century Philosophy
externalism
8.7%(45/512)
91.2%(467/512)
internalism
16.3%(36/220)
83.6%(184/220)
Response pairs: 857   p-value: < 0.001
not xian:Leibniz0.11
Leibniz not Leibniz
externalism
0.7%(4/512)
99.2%(508/512)
internalism
4.5%(10/220)
95.4%(210/220)
Response pairs: 857   p-value: 0.001
not AOS:Philosophy of Religion0.108
Philosophy of Religion not Philosophy of Religion
externalism
3.1%(16/512)
96.8%(496/512)
internalism
9%(20/220)
90.9%(200/220)
Response pairs: 857   p-value: 0.001
not xian:Spinoza0.105
Spinoza not Spinoza
externalism
1.3%(7/512)
98.6%(505/512)
internalism
5%(11/220)
95%(209/220)
Response pairs: 857   p-value: 0.002
not AOS:Metaphilosophy0.084
Metaphilosophy not Metaphilosophy
externalism
1.3%(7/512)
98.6%(505/512)
internalism
4.5%(10/220)
95.4%(210/220)
Response pairs: 857   p-value: 0.013
not xian:Kant0.081
Kant not Kant
externalism
10.5%(54/512)
89.4%(458/512)
internalism
15%(33/220)
85%(187/220)
Response pairs: 857   p-value: 0.017
not xian:Hegel0.078
Hegel not Hegel
externalism
1.1%(6/512)
98.8%(506/512)
internalism
3.6%(8/220)
96.3%(212/220)
Response pairs: 857   p-value: 0.022
not xian:Husserl0.073
Husserl not Husserl
externalism
0.5%(3/512)
99.4%(509/512)
internalism
2.2%(5/220)
97.7%(215/220)
Response pairs: 857   p-value: 0.032
xian:Moore0.068
Moore not Moore
externalism
3.7%(19/512)
96.2%(493/512)
internalism
1.3%(3/220)
98.6%(217/220)
Response pairs: 857   p-value: 0.046
AOS:Philosophy of Mind0.068
Philosophy of Mind not Philosophy of Mind
externalism
24.4%(125/512)
75.5%(387/512)
internalism
20.4%(45/220)
79.5%(175/220)
Response pairs: 857   p-value: 0.046
not xian:Aristotle0.068
Aristotle not Aristotle
externalism
10.9%(56/512)
89%(456/512)
internalism
15.9%(35/220)
84%(185/220)
Response pairs: 857   p-value: 0.046
xian:Davidson0.059
Davidson not Davidson
externalism
6.6%(34/512)
93.3%(478/512)
internalism
4%(9/220)
95.9%(211/220)
Response pairs: 857   p-value: 0.084
not AOS:Ancient Greek Philosophy0.055
Ancient Greek Philosophy not Ancient Greek Philosophy
externalism
5.8%(30/512)
94.1%(482/512)
internalism
10%(22/220)
90%(198/220)
Response pairs: 857   p-value: 0.107
not AOS:Philosophy of Physical Science0.05
Philosophy of Physical Science not Philosophy of Physical Science
externalism
5%(26/512)
94.9%(486/512)
internalism
5.9%(13/220)
94%(207/220)
Response pairs: 857   p-value: 0.143

Background questions

Answer Corrrelation coefficient
year_of_phd0.146
year_of_phd ≥ median year_of_phd < median
externalism
52.9%(213/402)
47%(189/402)
internalism
45%(77/171)
54.9%(94/171)
Response pairs: 664   p-value: < 0.001
year_of_birth0.145
year_of_birth ≥ median year_of_birth < median
externalism
55.6%(265/476)
44.3%(211/476)
internalism
42.8%(90/210)
57.1%(120/210)
Response pairs: 800   p-value: < 0.001
not phd_region:Canada0.081
Canada not Canada
externalism
1.3%(7/512)
98.6%(505/512)
internalism
3.1%(7/220)
96.8%(213/220)
Response pairs: 857   p-value: 0.017
phd_region:United States0.053
United States not United States
externalism
55%(282/512)
44.9%(230/512)
internalism
49.5%(109/220)
50.4%(111/220)
Response pairs: 857   p-value: 0.121