The PhilPapers SurveysHighest linear correlations (Back to contents)

Correlations with: Meta-ethics:moral anti-realism

N = 931 (target faculty). Cut-off = +/-0.05

n < 10 omitted. Some redundant or trivial correlations are not shown.

Jump to: Main Survey questions | Philosophical orientation | Background questions

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Main Survey questions

Answer Corrrelation coefficient
Moral judgment:non-cognitivism0.522
non-cognitivism cognitivism
moral anti-realism
50.1%(126/251)
42.6%(107/251)
moral realism
5.6%(30/533)
90%(480/533)
Response pairs: 857   p-value: < 0.001
Aesthetic value:subjective0.377
objective subjective
moral anti-realism
23.8%(60/252)
63%(159/252)
moral realism
58.7%(319/543)
27.6%(150/543)
Response pairs: 865   p-value: < 0.001
not Laws of nature:non-Humean0.323
non-Humean Humean
moral anti-realism
40.9%(100/244)
47.5%(116/244)
moral realism
72.4%(381/526)
19.9%(105/526)
Response pairs: 840   p-value: < 0.001
Abstract objects:nominalism0.321
nominalism Platonism
moral anti-realism
59.6%(152/255)
29.8%(76/255)
moral realism
29.2%(155/530)
61.5%(326/530)
Response pairs: 860   p-value: < 0.001
Metaphilosophy:naturalism0.288
naturalism non-naturalism
moral anti-realism
72.3%(173/239)
17.9%(43/239)
moral realism
45.5%(237/520)
38.2%(199/520)
Response pairs: 829   p-value: < 0.001
Science:scientific anti-realism0.262
scientific anti-realism scientific realism
moral anti-realism
23.4%(60/256)
68.3%(175/256)
moral realism
7.4%(41/548)
87.7%(481/548)
Response pairs: 874   p-value: < 0.001
Knowledge:empiricism0.258
empiricism rationalism
moral anti-realism
57.9%(149/257)
21.7%(56/257)
moral realism
34.9%(194/555)
42.8%(238/555)
Response pairs: 887   p-value: < 0.001
not Free will:libertarianism0.213
libertarianism not libertarianism
moral anti-realism
4.3%(11/254)
88.5%(225/254)
moral realism
20.6%(112/542)
71.4%(387/542)
Response pairs: 871   p-value: < 0.001
A priori knowledge:no0.211
no yes
moral anti-realism
29.5%(76/257)
61.8%(159/257)
moral realism
13.7%(76/554)
80.3%(445/554)
Response pairs: 885   p-value: < 0.001
not Truth:correspondence0.208
correspondence not correspondence
moral anti-realism
39.6%(98/247)
54.6%(135/247)
moral realism
61.4%(320/521)
33.2%(173/521)
Response pairs: 833   p-value: < 0.001
Mind:physicalism0.199
physicalism non-physicalism
moral anti-realism
70.9%(183/258)
22.4%(58/258)
moral realism
50.8%(280/551)
37.3%(206/551)
Response pairs: 884   p-value: < 0.001
not Knowledge claims:invariantism0.199
invariantism not invariantism
moral anti-realism
25.2%(57/226)
65.9%(149/226)
moral realism
44.1%(216/489)
45.1%(221/489)
Response pairs: 775   p-value: < 0.001
Truth:deflationary0.197
deflationary not deflationary
moral anti-realism
40.4%(100/247)
53.8%(133/247)
moral realism
21.8%(114/521)
72.7%(379/521)
Response pairs: 833   p-value: < 0.001
Moral motivation:internalism0.183
internalism externalism
moral anti-realism
55.5%(120/216)
27.7%(60/216)
moral realism
40.2%(190/472)
43.8%(207/472)
Response pairs: 756   p-value: < 0.001
External world:skepticism0.182
skepticism not skepticism
moral anti-realism
9.7%(25/257)
85.9%(221/257)
moral realism
2.3%(13/554)
95.6%(530/554)
Response pairs: 884   p-value: < 0.001
God:atheism0.179
atheism theism
moral anti-realism
81.9%(213/260)
9.2%(24/260)
moral realism
69.8%(386/553)
23.1%(128/553)
Response pairs: 884   p-value: < 0.001
Normative ethics:consequentialism0.166
consequentialism not consequentialism
moral anti-realism
39.1%(85/217)
46.5%(101/217)
moral realism
22.9%(113/493)
65.1%(321/493)
Response pairs: 775   p-value: < 0.001
Time:B-theory0.164
B-theory A-theory
moral anti-realism
56.5%(95/168)
19%(32/168)
moral realism
42.8%(149/348)
34.4%(120/348)
Response pairs: 562   p-value: < 0.001
Free will:no free will0.151
no free will free will
moral anti-realism
20.8%(53/254)
72%(183/254)
moral realism
8.6%(47/542)
83.3%(452/542)
Response pairs: 871   p-value: < 0.001
Knowledge claims:contextualism0.148
contextualism not contextualism
moral anti-realism
56.6%(128/226)
34.5%(78/226)
moral realism
41.5%(203/489)
47.8%(234/489)
Response pairs: 775   p-value: < 0.001
Analytic-synthetic distinction:no0.146
no yes
moral anti-realism
38.3%(99/258)
58.9%(152/258)
moral realism
22.9%(127/554)
71.4%(396/554)
Response pairs: 887   p-value: < 0.001
Truth:epistemic0.144
epistemic not epistemic
moral anti-realism
10.9%(27/247)
83.4%(206/247)
moral realism
5.7%(30/521)
88.8%(463/521)
Response pairs: 833   p-value: < 0.001
Knowledge claims:relativism0.141
relativism not relativism
moral anti-realism
7.5%(17/226)
83.6%(189/226)
moral realism
1.6%(8/489)
87.7%(429/489)
Response pairs: 775   p-value: < 0.001
Personal identity:psychological view0.135
psychological view not psychological view
moral anti-realism
44.3%(102/230)
31.7%(73/230)
moral realism
36.8%(180/488)
46.5%(227/488)
Response pairs: 785   p-value: < 0.001
Logic:non-classical0.133
non-classical classical
moral anti-realism
30.9%(70/226)
54.8%(124/226)
moral realism
21%(103/490)
65.1%(319/490)
Response pairs: 775   p-value: < 0.001
not Personal identity:further-fact view0.11
further-fact view not further-fact view
moral anti-realism
6.9%(16/230)
69.1%(159/230)
moral realism
18.6%(91/488)
64.7%(316/488)
Response pairs: 785   p-value: 0.002
Perceptual experience:sense-datum theory0.107
sense-datum theory not sense-datum theory
moral anti-realism
7.2%(14/193)
75.6%(146/193)
moral realism
3%(14/452)
84.5%(382/452)
Response pairs: 698   p-value: 0.004
not External world:non-skeptical realism0.099
non-skeptical realism not non-skeptical realism
moral anti-realism
77.4%(199/257)
18.2%(47/257)
moral realism
86.8%(481/554)
11.1%(62/554)
Response pairs: 884   p-value: 0.003
Zombies:inconceivable0.089
inconceivable not inconceivable
moral anti-realism
21.7%(50/230)
65.6%(151/230)
moral realism
15.3%(78/508)
72.8%(370/508)
Response pairs: 797   p-value: 0.011
Politics:egalitarianism0.084
egalitarianism not egalitarianism
moral anti-realism
50.4%(105/208)
33.1%(69/208)
moral realism
42%(194/461)
40.5%(187/461)
Response pairs: 733   p-value: 0.022
Free will:compatibilism0.081
compatibilism not compatibilism
moral anti-realism
66.1%(168/254)
26.7%(68/254)
moral realism
59.7%(324/542)
32.2%(175/542)
Response pairs: 871   p-value: 0.016
not Normative ethics:deontology0.08
deontology not deontology
moral anti-realism
24.8%(54/217)
60.8%(132/217)
moral realism
34.2%(169/493)
53.7%(265/493)
Response pairs: 775   p-value: 0.025
not Zombies:metaphysically possible0.074
metaphysically possible not metaphysically possible
moral anti-realism
24.3%(56/230)
63%(145/230)
moral realism
28.5%(145/508)
59.6%(303/508)
Response pairs: 797   p-value: 0.036
Perceptual experience:representationalism0.054
representationalism not representationalism
moral anti-realism
43%(83/193)
39.8%(77/193)
moral realism
41.5%(188/452)
46%(208/452)
Response pairs: 698   p-value: 0.154
Epistemic justification:internalism0.05
internalism externalism
moral anti-realism
35%(87/248)
48.3%(120/248)
moral realism
32.8%(172/524)
50.9%(267/524)
Response pairs: 840   p-value: 0.147

Philosophical orientation

Answer Corrrelation coefficient
xian:Hume0.228
Hume not Hume
moral anti-realism
26.5%(69/260)
73.4%(191/260)
moral realism
9.1%(51/559)
90.8%(508/559)
Response pairs: 896   p-value: < 0.001
AOS:General Philosophy of Science0.141
General Philosophy of Science not General Philosophy of Science
moral anti-realism
16.9%(44/260)
83%(216/260)
moral realism
7.1%(40/559)
92.8%(519/559)
Response pairs: 896   p-value: < 0.001
AOS:Philosophy of Biology0.126
Philosophy of Biology not Philosophy of Biology
moral anti-realism
8%(21/260)
91.9%(239/260)
moral realism
2.5%(14/559)
97.4%(545/559)
Response pairs: 896   p-value: < 0.001
not AOS:Philosophy of Religion0.124
Philosophy of Religion not Philosophy of Religion
moral anti-realism
1.5%(4/260)
98.4%(256/260)
moral realism
7.3%(41/559)
92.6%(518/559)
Response pairs: 896   p-value: < 0.001
not xian:Aristotle0.118
Aristotle not Aristotle
moral anti-realism
5.7%(15/260)
94.2%(245/260)
moral realism
15.7%(88/559)
84.2%(471/559)
Response pairs: 896   p-value: < 0.001
not xian:Moore0.11
Moore not Moore
moral anti-realism
~0.3%(~1/260)
~99.6%(~259/260)
moral realism
3.9%(22/559)
96%(537/559)
Response pairs: 896   p-value: < 0.001
metasurvey:accuracy-0.097
accuracy ≥ median accuracy < median
moral anti-realism
48.1%(26/54)
51.8%(28/54)
moral realism
51.1%(69/135)
48.8%(66/135)
Response pairs: 206   p-value: 0.165
AOS:Philosophy of Social Science0.095
Philosophy of Social Science not Philosophy of Social Science
moral anti-realism
4.6%(12/260)
95.3%(248/260)
moral realism
1.4%(8/559)
98.5%(551/559)
Response pairs: 896   p-value: 0.004
not AOS:Metaphysics0.093
Metaphysics not Metaphysics
moral anti-realism
22.6%(59/260)
77.3%(201/260)
moral realism
28.2%(158/559)
71.7%(401/559)
Response pairs: 896   p-value: 0.005
xian:Quine0.09
Quine not Quine
moral anti-realism
10%(26/260)
90%(234/260)
moral realism
5.5%(31/559)
94.4%(528/559)
Response pairs: 896   p-value: 0.007
xian:Nietzsche0.09
Nietzsche not Nietzsche
moral anti-realism
4.6%(12/260)
95.3%(248/260)
moral realism
1.4%(8/559)
98.5%(551/559)
Response pairs: 896   p-value: 0.007
AOS:Philosophy of Cognitive Science0.086
Philosophy of Cognitive Science not Philosophy of Cognitive Science
moral anti-realism
8.8%(23/260)
91.1%(237/260)
moral realism
4.4%(25/559)
95.5%(534/559)
Response pairs: 896   p-value: 0.01
not xian:Plato0.084
Plato not Plato
moral anti-realism
1.5%(4/260)
98.4%(256/260)
moral realism
5.1%(29/559)
94.8%(530/559)
Response pairs: 896   p-value: 0.011
AOS:Logic and Philosophy of Logic0.083
Logic and Philosophy of Logic not Logic and Philosophy of Logic
moral anti-realism
13.4%(35/260)
86.5%(225/260)
moral realism
8.4%(47/559)
91.5%(512/559)
Response pairs: 896   p-value: 0.012
not AOS:Ancient Greek Philosophy0.083
Ancient Greek Philosophy not Ancient Greek Philosophy
moral anti-realism
2.6%(7/260)
97.3%(253/260)
moral realism
8.4%(47/559)
91.5%(512/559)
Response pairs: 896   p-value: 0.012
xian:Carnap0.078
Carnap not Carnap
moral anti-realism
6.9%(18/260)
93%(242/260)
moral realism
3.9%(22/559)
96%(537/559)
Response pairs: 896   p-value: 0.019
not xian:Russell0.074
Russell not Russell
moral anti-realism
3.8%(10/260)
96.1%(250/260)
moral realism
8%(45/559)
91.9%(514/559)
Response pairs: 896   p-value: 0.026
tradition:continental0.072
continental analytic
moral anti-realism
4.6%(12/260)
85%(221/260)
moral realism
3.2%(18/559)
90.5%(506/559)
Response pairs: 896   p-value: 0.031
AOS:Philosophy of Physical Science0.072
Philosophy of Physical Science not Philosophy of Physical Science
moral anti-realism
8.4%(22/260)
91.5%(238/260)
moral realism
4.2%(24/559)
95.7%(535/559)
Response pairs: 896   p-value: 0.031
AOS:Decision Theory0.065
Decision Theory not Decision Theory
moral anti-realism
5%(13/260)
95%(247/260)
moral realism
2.8%(16/559)
97.1%(543/559)
Response pairs: 896   p-value: 0.051
AOS:19th Century Philosophy0.065
19th Century Philosophy not 19th Century Philosophy
moral anti-realism
6.5%(17/260)
93.4%(243/260)
moral realism
3.5%(20/559)
96.4%(539/559)
Response pairs: 896   p-value: 0.051
not AOS:Philosophy of Law0.062
Philosophy of Law not Philosophy of Law
moral anti-realism
1.5%(4/260)
98.4%(256/260)
moral realism
3.7%(21/559)
96.2%(538/559)
Response pairs: 896   p-value: 0.063
AOS:20th Century Philosophy0.06
20th Century Philosophy not 20th Century Philosophy
moral anti-realism
5.7%(15/260)
94.2%(245/260)
moral realism
3.7%(21/559)
96.2%(538/559)
Response pairs: 896   p-value: 0.072
not AOS:Normative Ethics0.053
Normative Ethics not Normative Ethics
moral anti-realism
11.5%(30/260)
88.4%(230/260)
moral realism
16.1%(90/559)
83.8%(469/559)
Response pairs: 896   p-value: 0.112
xian:Wittgenstein0.051
Wittgenstein not Wittgenstein
moral anti-realism
8.8%(23/260)
91.1%(237/260)
moral realism
6.7%(38/559)
93.2%(521/559)
Response pairs: 896   p-value: 0.127
not AOS:Medieval and Renaissance Philosophy0.05
Medieval and Renaissance Philosophy not Medieval and Renaissance Philosophy
moral anti-realism
~0.3%(~1/260)
~99.6%(~259/260)
moral realism
2.1%(12/559)
97.8%(547/559)
Response pairs: 896   p-value: 0.134

Background questions

Answer Corrrelation coefficient
nationality_region:Europe0.121
Europe not Europe
moral anti-realism
19.2%(50/260)
80.7%(210/260)
moral realism
9.1%(51/559)
90.8%(508/559)
Response pairs: 896   p-value: < 0.001
not nationality_region:United States0.104
United States not United States
moral anti-realism
42.3%(110/260)
57.6%(150/260)
moral realism
55.4%(310/559)
44.5%(249/559)
Response pairs: 896   p-value: 0.001
phd_region:Australasia0.08
Australasia not Australasia
moral anti-realism
5.3%(14/260)
94.6%(246/260)
moral realism
2.3%(13/559)
97.6%(546/559)
Response pairs: 896   p-value: 0.016
phd_region:Europe0.066
Europe not Europe
moral anti-realism
7.6%(20/260)
92.3%(240/260)
moral realism
3.5%(20/559)
96.4%(539/559)
Response pairs: 896   p-value: 0.048
affil:region:Europe0.06
Europe not Europe
moral anti-realism
10%(26/260)
90%(234/260)
moral realism
5.3%(30/559)
94.6%(529/559)
Response pairs: 896   p-value: 0.072
not phd_region:United States0.058
United States not United States
moral anti-realism
48.8%(127/260)
51.1%(133/260)
moral realism
56.5%(316/559)
43.4%(243/559)
Response pairs: 896   p-value: 0.082
not affil:region:United States0.058
United States not United States
moral anti-realism
56.1%(146/260)
43.8%(114/260)
moral realism
64%(358/559)
35.9%(201/559)
Response pairs: 896   p-value: 0.082
affil:region:Australasia0.055
Australasia not Australasia
moral anti-realism
7.3%(19/260)
92.6%(241/260)
moral realism
5%(28/559)
94.9%(531/559)
Response pairs: 896   p-value: 0.099