The PhilPapers SurveysPreliminary Survey results (Back to contents)
A priori knowledge: yes or no?
| Accept or lean toward: yes | 2147 / 3226 (66.6%) |
| Accept or lean toward: no | 770 / 3226 (23.9%) |
| Other | 309 / 3226 (9.6%) |
Abstract objects: Platonism or nominalism?
| Accept or lean toward: nominalism | 1454 / 3226 (45.1%) |
| Accept or lean toward: Platonism | 1016 / 3226 (31.5%) |
| Other | 756 / 3226 (23.4%) |
Aesthetic value: objective or subjective?
| Accept or lean toward: subjective | 1349 / 3226 (41.8%) |
| Accept or lean toward: objective | 1122 / 3226 (34.8%) |
| Other | 755 / 3226 (23.4%) |
Analytic-synthetic distinction: yes or no?
| Accept or lean toward: yes | 1886 / 3226 (58.5%) |
| Accept or lean toward: no | 937 / 3226 (29.0%) |
| Other | 403 / 3226 (12.5%) |
Epistemic justification: internalism or externalism?
| Accept or lean toward: externalism | 1368 / 3226 (42.4%) |
| Other | 994 / 3226 (30.8%) |
| Accept or lean toward: internalism | 864 / 3226 (26.8%) |
External world: idealism, skepticism, or non-skeptical realism?
| Accept or lean toward: non-skeptical realism | 2305 / 3226 (71.5%) |
| Other | 356 / 3226 (11.0%) |
| Accept or lean toward: skepticism | 310 / 3226 (9.6%) |
| Accept or lean toward: idealism | 255 / 3226 (7.9%) |
Free will: compatibilism, libertarianism, or no free will?
| Accept or lean toward: compatibilism | 1661 / 3226 (51.5%) |
| Accept or lean toward: libertarianism | 591 / 3226 (18.3%) |
| Accept or lean toward: no free will | 491 / 3226 (15.2%) |
| Other | 483 / 3226 (15.0%) |
God: theism or atheism?
| Accept or lean toward: atheism | 2136 / 3226 (66.2%) |
| Accept or lean toward: theism | 599 / 3226 (18.6%) |
| Other | 491 / 3226 (15.2%) |
Knowledge claims: contextualism, relativism, or invariantism?
| Accept or lean toward: contextualism | 1366 / 3226 (42.3%) |
| Other | 887 / 3226 (27.5%) |
| Accept or lean toward: invariantism | 772 / 3226 (23.9%) |
| Accept or lean toward: relativism | 201 / 3226 (6.2%) |
Knowledge: empiricism or rationalism?
| Accept or lean toward: empiricism | 1254 / 3226 (38.9%) |
| Other | 1158 / 3226 (35.9%) |
| Accept or lean toward: rationalism | 814 / 3226 (25.2%) |
Laws of nature: Humean or non-Humean?
| Accept or lean toward: non-Humean | 1472 / 3226 (45.6%) |
| Accept or lean toward: Humean | 1027 / 3226 (31.8%) |
| Other | 727 / 3226 (22.5%) |
Logic: classical or non-classical?
| Accept or lean toward: classical | 1432 / 3226 (44.4%) |
| Other | 1143 / 3226 (35.4%) |
| Accept or lean toward: non-classical | 651 / 3226 (20.2%) |
Mental content: internalism or externalism?
| Accept or lean toward: externalism | 1404 / 3226 (43.5%) |
| Other | 992 / 3226 (30.8%) |
| Accept or lean toward: internalism | 830 / 3226 (25.7%) |
Meta-ethics: moral realism or moral anti-realism?
| Accept or lean toward: moral realism | 1694 / 3226 (52.5%) |
| Accept or lean toward: moral anti-realism | 997 / 3226 (30.9%) |
| Other | 535 / 3226 (16.6%) |
Metaphilosophy: naturalism or non-naturalism?
| Accept or lean toward: naturalism | 1619 / 3226 (50.2%) |
| Accept or lean toward: non-naturalism | 826 / 3226 (25.6%) |
| Other | 781 / 3226 (24.2%) |
Mind: physicalism or non-physicalism?
| Accept or lean toward: physicalism | 1741 / 3226 (54.0%) |
| Accept or lean toward: non-physicalism | 941 / 3226 (29.2%) |
| Other | 544 / 3226 (16.9%) |
Moral judgment: cognitivism or non-cognitivism?
| Accept or lean toward: cognitivism | 1872 / 3226 (58.0%) |
| Other | 683 / 3226 (21.2%) |
| Accept or lean toward: non-cognitivism | 671 / 3226 (20.8%) |
Moral motivation: internalism or externalism?
| Accept or lean toward: internalism | 1155 / 3226 (35.8%) |
| Other | 1154 / 3226 (35.8%) |
| Accept or lean toward: externalism | 917 / 3226 (28.4%) |
Newcomb's problem: one box or two boxes?
| Other | 1890 / 3226 (58.6%) |
| Accept or lean toward: two boxes | 708 / 3226 (21.9%) |
| Accept or lean toward: one box | 628 / 3226 (19.5%) |
Normative ethics: deontology, consequentialism, or virtue ethics?
| Other | 980 / 3226 (30.4%) |
| Accept or lean toward: virtue ethics | 804 / 3226 (24.9%) |
| Accept or lean toward: consequentialism | 786 / 3226 (24.4%) |
| Accept or lean toward: deontology | 656 / 3226 (20.3%) |
Perceptual experience: disjunctivism, qualia theory, representationalism, or sense-datum theory?
| Other | 1399 / 3226 (43.4%) |
| Accept or lean toward: representationalism | 844 / 3226 (26.2%) |
| Accept or lean toward: qualia theory | 435 / 3226 (13.5%) |
| Accept or lean toward: disjunctivism | 358 / 3226 (11.1%) |
| Accept or lean toward: sense-datum theory | 190 / 3226 (5.9%) |
Personal identity: biological view, psychological view, or further-fact view?
| Other | 1231 / 3226 (38.2%) |
| Accept or lean toward: psychological view | 1071 / 3226 (33.2%) |
| Accept or lean toward: biological view | 517 / 3226 (16.0%) |
| Accept or lean toward: further-fact view | 407 / 3226 (12.6%) |
Politics: communitarianism, egalitarianism, or libertarianism?
| Other | 1129 / 3226 (35.0%) |
| Accept or lean toward: egalitarianism | 974 / 3226 (30.2%) |
| Accept or lean toward: communitarianism | 582 / 3226 (18.0%) |
| Accept or lean toward: libertarianism | 541 / 3226 (16.8%) |
Proper names: Fregean or Millian?
| Other | 1374 / 3226 (42.6%) |
| Accept or lean toward: Fregean | 1001 / 3226 (31.0%) |
| Accept or lean toward: Millian | 851 / 3226 (26.4%) |
Science: scientific realism or scientific anti-realism?
| Accept or lean toward: scientific realism | 2121 / 3226 (65.7%) |
| Accept or lean toward: scientific anti-realism | 577 / 3226 (17.9%) |
| Other | 528 / 3226 (16.4%) |
Teletransporter (new matter): survival or death?
| Other | 1154 / 3226 (35.8%) |
| Accept or lean toward: survival | 1117 / 3226 (34.6%) |
| Accept or lean toward: death | 955 / 3226 (29.6%) |
Time: A-theory or B-theory?
| Other | 2022 / 3226 (62.7%) |
| Accept or lean toward: B-theory | 708 / 3226 (21.9%) |
| Accept or lean toward: A-theory | 496 / 3226 (15.4%) |
Trolley problem (five straight ahead, one on side track, turn requires switching, what ought one do?): switch or don't switch?
| Accept or lean toward: switch | 2016 / 3226 (62.5%) |
| Other | 923 / 3226 (28.6%) |
| Accept or lean toward: don't switch | 287 / 3226 (8.9%) |
Truth: correspondence, deflationary, or epistemic?
| Accept or lean toward: correspondence | 1450 / 3226 (44.9%) |
| Accept or lean toward: deflationary | 670 / 3226 (20.8%) |
| Other | 659 / 3226 (20.4%) |
| Accept or lean toward: epistemic | 447 / 3226 (13.9%) |
Zombies: inconceivable, conceivable but not metaphysically possible, or metaphysically possible?
| Accept or lean toward: conceivable but not metaphysically possible | 1139 / 3226 (35.3%) |
| Accept or lean toward: metaphysically possible | 777 / 3226 (24.1%) |
| Other | 703 / 3226 (21.8%) |
| Accept or lean toward: inconceivable | 607 / 3226 (18.8%) |
|
Back to contents |
