Skip to content
Licensed Unlicensed Requires Authentication Published by De Gruyter January 21, 2020

Intrinsicality, Independence and Grounding

  • Sophie R. Allen EMAIL logo
From the journal Metaphysica

Abstract

This paper investigates the plausibility of Witmer, Butchard and Trogdon’s proposal to distinguish intrinsic properties from extrinsic ones in terms of independence from accompaniment and grounding. I argue that the proposed criterion is not adequate to determine intrinsicality, since according to it some intuitively extrinsic properties turn out to be intrinsic. I suggest and evaluate two responses: first, one could characterize a conception of independence which is specific to the individual instantiating the property; and second, one could justify two assumptions about properties which entail that counterexample properties of the kinds I present do not exist, most importantly that there are no fundamental properties which are instantiated in an intrinsic fashion by some individuals and an extrinsic fashion by others. Although the latter seems prima facie plausible, I present some potential counterexamples to it from current physical theory. I conclude that the grounding- and independence-based criterion of intrinsicality can be defended from my objections, although the cost of doing so might make it more attractive to characterize intrinsicality in terms of independence, or in terms of grounding, alone.

Acknowledgements

I would like to thank Gonzalo Rodriguez-Pereyra and Alastair Wilder for comments on an earlier draft of this paper.

References

Bauer, William A. 2011. “An Argument for the Extrinsic Grounding of Mass.” Erkenntnis 74: 81–99.10.1007/s10670-010-9269-4Search in Google Scholar

Bennett, K. 2017. Making Things Up. Oxford: Oxford University Press.10.1093/oso/9780199682683.001.0001Search in Google Scholar

Fine, K. 2012. “A Guide to Ground.” In Metaphysical Grounding: Understanding the Structure of Reality, edited by F. Correia and B. Schnieder, 37–80. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9781139149136.002Search in Google Scholar

Francescotti, Robert M. 1999. “How to Define Intrinsic Properties.” Noûs 33: 590–609.10.1111/0029-4624.00195Search in Google Scholar

Harris, R. 2010. “How to Define Extrinsic Properties.” Axiomathes 20: 461–78.10.1007/s10516-009-9078-zSearch in Google Scholar

Hawthorne, J. 2001. “Intrinsic Properties and Natural Relations.” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 63: 399–403.10.1111/j.1933-1592.2001.tb00112.xSearch in Google Scholar

Hofweber, T. 2009. “Ambitious, Yet Modest, Metaphysics.” In Metametaphysics: New Essays on the Foundations of Ontology, edited by D. Chalmers, D. Manley and R. Wasserman, 260–89. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Search in Google Scholar

Kim, Jaegwon. 1982. “Psychophysical Supervenience.” Philosophical Studies 41: 51–70. Reprinted in Supervenience and Mind, 1993 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press): 175–193.10.1017/CBO9780511625220.011Search in Google Scholar

Ladyman, James, and Don Ross. 2007. Every Thing Must Go. Oxford: Oxford University Press.10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199276196.001.0001Search in Google Scholar

Langton, Rae, and David Lewis. 1998. “Defining ‘Intrinsic’.” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 58: 333–45. Reprinted in David Lewis, Papers in Metaphysics and Epistemology (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999): 116–132.10.1515/9783110292596.17Search in Google Scholar

Langton, Rae, and David Lewis. 2001. “Marshall and Parsons on ‘Intrinsic’.” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 63: 353–55.Search in Google Scholar

Lewis, D. 1983a. “Extrinsic Properties.” Philosophical Studies 44: 197–200.10.1017/CBO9780511625343.006Search in Google Scholar

Lewis, D. 1983b. “New Work for a Theory of Universals.” Australasian Journal of Philosophy 61: 343–77. Reprinted in Properties, edited by D. H. Mellor and A. Oliver (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997): 190–227.10.1017/CBO9780511625343.002Search in Google Scholar

Lewis, D. 1986. “Modal Realism at Work: Properties.” Abridged section 1.5 from Lewis On the Plurality of Worlds. Oxford: Blackwell. Reprinted in Properties, edited by D. H. Mellor and A. Oliver (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997): 173–187.Search in Google Scholar

Marshall, D. 2015. “Intrinsicality and Grounding.” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 15: 1–19.10.1111/phpr.12053Search in Google Scholar

Marshall, D., and Josh Parsons. 2001. “Langton and Lewis on ‘Intrinsic’.” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 63: 347–51.10.1111/j.1933-1592.2001.tb00107.xSearch in Google Scholar

Molnar, G. 2003. Powers: a Study in Metaphysics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Search in Google Scholar

Mumford, S. 2006. “The Ungrounded Argument.” Synthese 149: 471–89.10.1007/s11229-005-0570-8Search in Google Scholar

Rosen, G. 2010. “Metaphysical Dependence: Grounding and Reduction.” In Modality: Metaphysics, Logic and Epistemology, edited by B. Hale and A. Hoffmann, 109–36. Oxford: Oxford University Press.10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199565818.003.0007Search in Google Scholar

Schaffer, J. 2003. “Is There a Fundamental Level?” Noûs 37: 498–517.10.1111/1468-0068.00448Search in Google Scholar

Schaffer, J. 2009. “On What Grounds What.” In Metametaphysics: New Essays on the Foundations of Ontology, edited by D. Chalmers, D. Manley and R. Wasserman. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 347–83.Search in Google Scholar

Sider, T. 2001. “Maximality and Intrinsic Properties.” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 63: 357–64.10.1111/j.1933-1592.2001.tb00109.xSearch in Google Scholar

Taylor, Barry. 1993. “On Natural Properties in Metaphysics.” Mind 102: 81–100.10.1093/mind/102.405.81Search in Google Scholar

Thompson, Naomi. 2018. “Irrealism about grounding.” Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 82: 23–44. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).10.1017/S1358246118000206Search in Google Scholar

Trogdon, K. 2013. “An Introduction to Grounding.” In Varieties of Dependence: Ontological dependence, grounding, supervenience, Response-Dependence, edited by M. Hoeltje, B. Schnieder, and A. Steinberg, 97–122. Munich: Philosophia Verlag.10.2307/j.ctv2nrzhj9.6Search in Google Scholar

Witmer, D. Gene. 2014. “A Simple Theory of Intrinsicality.” In A Companion to Intrinsic Properties, edited by Robert M. Francescotti. Berlin: De Gruyter. 111–38.Search in Google Scholar

Witmer, D. Gene, William Butchard, and Kelly Trogdon. 2005. “Intrinsicality without Naturalness.” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 70: 326–50.10.1111/j.1933-1592.2005.tb00530.xSearch in Google Scholar

Published Online: 2020-01-21
Published in Print: 2020-04-28

© 2020 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Downloaded on 24.5.2024 from https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/mp-2020-2018/html
Scroll to top button