Skip to main content
Log in

A Computational Conundrum: “What is a Computer?” A Historical Overview

  • Published:
Minds and Machines Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This introduction begins by posing the question that this Special Issue addresses and briefly considers historical precedents and why the issue is important. The discussion then moves on to the consideration of important milestones in the history of computing, up until the present time. A brief specification of the essential components of computational systems is then offered. The final section introduces the papers that are included in this volume.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1

(Photo Credit: R. Berkeley)

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. For a more detailed technical discussion, see Campbell-Kelly and Garcia-Swartz (2015).

References

  • Calvo, P. (2016). The philosophy of plant neurobiology: A manifesto. Synthese, 193(5), 1323–1343.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Campbell-Kelly, M., & Garcia-Swartz, D. (2015). From mainframes to smartphones: A history of the international computer industry. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Copeland, B. J. (2017). The modern history of computing. In Edward N. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2017/entries/computing-history/.

  • Hafner, K., & Lyon, M. (1996). Where wizards stay up late: The origins of the internet. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harland, M. (1869). Phemie’s temptation: A novel. New York: Carlton Publisher.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayes, P., Berkeley, I., Bringsjord, S., Hardcastle, V., McKee, G., & Stufflebeam, R. (1997). What is a computer? An electronic discussion. The Monist, 80(3), 389–404.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hodges, A. (2014). Alan Turing: The enigma. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Hollingdale, S., & Tootill, G. (1965). Electronic computers. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacobowitz, H. (1963). Electronic computers. Garden City, NY: Doubleday and Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCartney, S. (1999). ENIAC: The triumphs and tragedies of the worlds first computer. New York, NY: Berkley Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moody, G. (2001). Rebel code: Linux and the open source revolution. New York, NY: Penguin Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Piccinini, G. (2015). Physical computation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Potter, D. (1998). Entrepreneurship: Psion and Europe. Business Strategy Review, 9(1), 15–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raymond, E. (1999). The Cathedral and the Bizarre: Musings on Linux and open source by an accidental revolutionary. Cambridge, MA: O’Reilly Media.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rojas, R., & Hashagen, U. (Eds.). (2000). The first computers: History and architectures. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rothman, L. (2015). A brief guide to the tumultuous 30-year history of AOL. Time.

  • Shurkin, J. (1996). Engines of the mind: The evolution of the computer from mainframes to microprocessors. New York, NY: Norton and Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • Soare, R. (1996). Computability and recursion. Bulletin of Symbolic Logic, 2, 284–321.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Stephenson, N. (1999). In the beginning…was the command line. New York, NY: HarperCollins Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swade, D. (2001). The cogwheel brain: Charles Babbage and the quest to build the first computer. Pittsford, NY: Abacus Books.

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Turing, A. (1937). On computable numbers, with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem. Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society, 42(2), 230–265.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Turing, A. (1950). Computing machinery and intelligence. Mind, 59(236), 433–460.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • von Neumann, J. (1945). First draft report on EDVAC. Moore School of Electrical Engineering, The University of Pennsylvania.

Download references

Acknowledgements

In closing, I have a number of people I need to thank. First and foremost, I need to thank the editor-in-chief of Minds and Machines, Mariarosaria Taddeo. She has done a great job guiding this issue to publication. I also would like to thank Devi Shanmagam, with Springer. Of course, I also need to thank all the contributors to this issue, including those whose submissions did not make the final cut. Finally, I need to thank the army of referees, who gave of their time to comment on all the papers.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Istvan S. N. Berkeley.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Berkeley, I.S.N. A Computational Conundrum: “What is a Computer?” A Historical Overview. Minds & Machines 28, 375–383 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-018-9475-4

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-018-9475-4

Keywords

Navigation