Skip to main content
Log in

Leaders, leadership, and democratization in West Africa: Observations from the cotton farmers movement in Mali

  • Published:
Agriculture and Human Values Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

It is widely accepted that the success of rural nongovernmental organizations depends heavily on leadership and the organizational abilities of individual leaders. Drawing on the recent history of the cotton farmers' movement in Mali, this article identifies critical issues related to the development and sustainability of rural leadership. Special attention is given to how both heroic and post-heroic approaches to leadership might be joined in order to help nongovernmental organizations contribute to both political democratization and economic development.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Africa Recovery. 1995. “Africa Watch. Threat to Cocoa Exporters.” 9, 1 (June): 24. New York: United Nations.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, Leslie. 1994.The Political Ecology of the Modern Peasant. Calculation and Community. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barrot, Pierre and Souleymane Ouattara. 1992.Quand la Démocratie s'en va en Brousse. Video. Paris: Periscoop.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bates, Robert H. 1978. “The Issue Basis of Rural Politics in Africa.”Comparative Politics. 10: 345–360.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bingen, R. James. Forthcoming. “The Role of U.S. Farmers' Organizations in Agricultural Research.” ODI Paper. London: ODI.

  • ——. 1994. “Agriculture Development Policy and Grassroots Democracy in Mali: The Emergence of Mali's Farmer Movement.”African Rural and Urban Studies. 1, 1: 57–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bingen, R. James, D. Carney, and E. Dembelé. 1995.The Malian Union of Cotton and Food Crop Producers: The Current and Potential Role in Technology Development and Transfer. ODI Agricultural Research & Extension Network. London: ODI.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bratton, Michael. 1994. “Micro-Democracy? The Merger of Farmer Unions in Zimbabwe.”African Studies Review. 37, 1: 9–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brett, E. A. 1993. “Voluntary Agencies as Development Organizations: Theorizing the Problem of Efficiency and Accountability.”Development and Change 24: 269–303.

    Google Scholar 

  • Browne, William P. 1988.Private Interests, Public Policy, and American Agriculture. Lawrence: University of Kansas Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carroll, Thomas F. 1992.Intermediary NGOs. The Supporting Link in Grassroots Development. West Hartford: Kumarian Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Charlton, Sue Ellen M. 1988. “Introduction.” In M. F. Levy,.Each in Her Own Way. Boulder: Lynne Rienner: 1–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Esman, Milton J. 1991.Management Dimensions of Development. Perspectives and Strategies. West Hartford: Kumarian Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Farrington, John and Anthony Bebbington with Kate Wellard and David J. Lewis. 1993.Reluctant Partners? Non-Governmental Organizations, The State and Sustainable Agricultural Development. London and New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fox, Jonathan. 1992. “Democratic Rural Development: Leadership Accountability in Regional Peasant Organizations.”Development and Change 23, 2: 1–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gentil, Dominique and Marie-Rose Mercoiret. 1991. “Y a-t-il un Mouvement Paysan en Afrique Noire?”Revue Tiers Monde 32, 128 (Octobre–Décembre): 867–886.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grindle, Merilee S. and John W. Thomas. 1991.Public Choices and Policy Change, The Political Economy of Reform in Developing Countries. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haubert, Maxime. 1991. “Le Retour des Paysans: Mythes et Réalités.”Revue Tiers Monde 32, 128 (Octobre–Décembre): 725–740.

    Google Scholar 

  • Healey, John and Mark Robinson. 1992.Democracy, Governance and Economic Policy. Sub-Saharan Africa in Comparative Perspective. ODI Development Policy Studies. London: Overseas Development Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutchful, Eboe. 1989. “The Limits of Corporatism as a Concept and Model.” In Julius E. Nyang'oro and Timothy M. Shaw, (eds.)Corporatism in Africa: Comparative Analysis and Practice. Boulder: Westview Press: 17–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Isaacman, Allen F. 1993. “Peasants and Rural Social Protest in Africa.” In Frederick Cooper,et al. Confronting Historical Paradigms. Peasants, Labor, and the Capitalist World System in Africa and Latin America. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press: 205–317.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jonckers, Danielle. 1994. “Le Mythe d'une Tradition Communautaire Villageoise dans la Région Mali-Sud.” In J.-P. Jacob et Ph. Lavigne Delville (sous la direction),Les Associations Paysannes en Afrique. Organisation et Dynamiques. Paris: Karthala: 121–134.

    Google Scholar 

  • Josserand, Henri and R. James Bingen. 1995.Economic Management in the Sahel — A Study of Policy Advocacy in Mali. Report prepared for the U.S. Agency for International Development, Decentralization: Finance and Management Project, Contract No. DHR 5446-Z-00-7033-00. Burlington, VT: ARD, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kouzes, James M. and Barry Z. Posner. 1987.The Leadership Challenge. How to Get Extraordinary Things done in Organizations. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • LeRoy, Etienne. 1991. “Mali-sud, syndicalisme paysan et développement rural.” In Marchant, Claude (ed.)Nord-sud, de l'aide au contrat, pour un développement équitable. Paris: Syros alternatives.

    Google Scholar 

  • ——. 1992. “Le Mali: la Troisième République face à la méfiance des ruraux.”Politique Africaine, 46: 138–142.

    Google Scholar 

  • LeRoy, Etienne, J. Moineau, and J-C. Rocaboy. 1991.La CMDT et les Institutions Rurales dans le cadre de Mali-Sud III. Rapport d'une Mission de Réflexion et d'Animation dans sa Phase Une. Paris: APREFA-LAJP.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levy, Marion Fennelly. 1988.Each in Her Own Way. Five Women Leaders of the Developing World. Boulder: Lynne Rienner.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mercoiret, Marie-Rose. 1990. “L'Emérgence des Dynamiques Locales. Une Réponse au Désengagement de l'Etat.” Montpellier: Club du Sahel and CIRAD

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministère de l'Agriculture de l'Elevage et de l'Envrionnement. 1992.Schéma Directeur du Secteur Développement Rural. Bamako: MAEE.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moe, Terry M. 1980.The Organization of Interests, Incentives and the Internal Dynamics of Political Interest Groups. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Post, Ken. 1964.The New States of West Africa. Baltimore: Penguin Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robertson, Peter J. and Shi-Yan Tang. 1995. “The Role of Commitmentin Collective Action: Comparing the Organizational Behavior and Rational Choice Perspectives.”Public Administration Review 55, 1 (January/February): 67–80.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rose, Kalima. 1992.Where Women are Leaders: The SEWA Movement in India. London and New Jersey: Zed Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schneider, Hartmut. 1988.Groupements Paysans et Productivité Agricole, Expériences Africaines. Paris: Centre de Développement, OCDE.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sklar, Richard L. 1995a. “African Politics: the Next Generation.”Africa Demos 3,4 (March): 26–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • —— 1995b. “The New Modernization.”Issue 223, 1: 19–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stockton, Ronald R. 1978–9. “Leadership in Context: A Public Opinion Approach.”Rural Africana. 3: 23–42.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Additional information

R. James Bingen is an Associate Professor in the Department of Resource Development at Michigan State University. He has been working for over two years with the Mali Union of Cotton and Food Crop Producers on their involvement in agricultural policy making and research.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Bingen, R.J. Leaders, leadership, and democratization in West Africa: Observations from the cotton farmers movement in Mali. Agric Hum Values 13, 24–32 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01540691

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01540691

Keywords

Navigation