Dying as a king

Subscibe in publisher´s online store Share via email
Dying as a king

The Seleucids in the Fragments of Porphyry Transmitted by Eusebius’ Chronicon

Brillante, Sergio

From the journal Historia Historia, Volume 69, September 2020, issue 3

Published by Franz Steiner Verlag

article, 12885 Words
Original language: Italian
Historia 2020, pp 310-331
https://doi.org/10.25162/historia-2020-0014

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to analyze a fragment by Porphyry concerning Seleucid history and transmitted by Eusebius of Caesarea’s Chronicon. A short introduction on this work (par. 1) will be followed by a defense of the authorship of the fragment as Porphyrian, and by a cautious suggestion to assign it to the Contra Christianos (par. 2). In the last section, the fragment will be examined at length and its ideological background will be highlighted. In particular, the account of Seleucid kings’ deaths shows that Porphyry turned to sources favorable to that dynasty. A critical voice seems to raise only when the author recounts of Demetrius I and of his descendants.

Author information

Sergio Brillante

References

  • 1. Adler, W. 1989: Time Immemorial. Archaic History and Its Sources in Christian Chronography from Julius Africanus to George Syncellus, Washington
  • 2. Adler, W. / Tuffin, P. (ed.): The Chronography of George Synkellos. A Byzantine Chronicle of Universal History from the Creation, Oxford-New York
  • 3. Andrei, O. Canons chronologiques et Histoire ecclésiastique, in Morlet, Perrone 2012, pp. 33-82
  • 4. Aucher, I. B. (ed.) 1818: Eusebii Pamphili Chronicon bipartitum, I-II, Venetiis
  • 5. Bauer, A. 1910: Ursprung und Fortwirken der christlichen Weltchronik, Graz
  • 6. Beatrice, P. F. 1994: On the Title of Porphyry’s Treatise Against the Christians, in G. Sfameni Gasparro (a c. di), Ἀγαθὴ ἐλπίς. Studi storico-religiosi in onore di U. Bianchi, Roma, pp. 221-235
  • 7. Becker, M. (ed.) 2016: Porphyrios, Contra Christianos, Berlin-Boston
  • 8. Bellinger, A. R. 1949: The End of the Seleucids, “Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Science” 38, pp. 51-102
  • 9. Berchman, R. M. (ed.) 2005: Porphyry Against the Christians, Leiden-Boston
  • 10. Beutler, R. 1953: s. v. Poprphyrios, in RE XXII, 1, coll. 275-313
  • 11. Bevan, E. R. 1902: The House of Seleucus, I-II, London
  • 12. Bidez, J. 1913: Vie de Porphyre. Le philosophe néo-platonicien, Gent
  • 13. Blasius, A. 2004: Apokalyptik und Geschichte. Das Buch Daniel in der (alt)historischen Forschung, in J. Brokoff, B. U. Schipper (hrsg. von), Apokalyptik in Antike und Aufklärung, Padeborn, pp. 77-103
  • 14. Bouché-Leclercq, A. 1913-1914: Histoire des Séleucides, Paris
  • 15. Brodersen, K. 1989: Appians Abriss der Seleukidengeschichte (Syriake 45, 232-70, 369), München
  • 16. Brown, E. L. 1979: Antigonus Surnamed Gonatas, in G. W. Bowersock, W. Burkert, M. C. J. Putnam (ed.), Arktouros. Hellenic studies presented to Bernard M. W. Knox on the occasion of his 65th birthday, Berlin-New York, pp. 299-307
  • 17. Burgess, R. W. 1997: The Dates and Editions of Eusebius’ Chronici canones and Historia Ecclesiastica, “JThS” 48, pp. 471-504 DOI 10.1093/jts/48.2.471
  • 18. Burgess, R. W. 2002: Jerome Explained: An Introduction to his Chronicle and a Guide to Its Use, “AHB” 16, pp. 1-32 [poi in Burgess 2011]
  • 19. Burgess, R. W. 2005: rec. Jenjean, Lançon 2004, “BMCRev” settembre 2005 (versione on-line)
  • 20. Burgess, R. W. 2006: A Chronological Prolegomenon to Reconstructing Eusebius’ Chronici Canones: The Evidence of Ps-Dionysius (the Zuqnin Chronicle), “Journal of the Canadian Society for Syriac Studies” 6, pp. 29-38 [poi in Burgess 2011] DOI 10.31826/9781463216160-004
  • 21. Burgess, R. W. 2011: Chronicles, Consuls and Coins. Historiography and History in the Later Roman Empire, Farnham
  • 22. Burgess, R. W. / Kulikowski, M. 2013: Mosaics of Time. The Latin Chronicle Traditions from the First Century BC to the Sixth Century AD, Turnhout
  • 23. Capdetrey, L. 2007: Le pouvoir séleucide. Territoire, administration, finances d’un royaume hellénistique (312-129 av. J.-C.), Rennes
  • 24. Casey, P. M. 1976: Porphyry and the Book of Daniel, “JThS” 27, pp. 15-33
  • 25. Ceccarelli, P. 2011: Kings, Philosophers and Drunkards: Athenaeus’ Information on the Seleucids, in Erickson, Ramsay 2011, pp. 162-179
  • 26. Christesen, P. 2007: Olympic Victor Lists and Ancient Greek History, Cambridge DOI 10.1017/cbo9780511550966
  • 27. Christesen, P. / Martirosova-Torlone, Z. 2006: The Olympic Victor List of Eusebius: Background, Text and Translation, “Traditio” 61, pp. 31-93 DOI 10.1017/s0362152900002853
  • 28. Chrubasik, B. 2016: Kings and Usurpers in the Seleukid Empire. The Men who would be King, Oxford DOI 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198786924.003.0005
  • 29. Cohen-Skalli (ed.) 2020: Eusèbe, La Chronique I, trad. par A. Ouzounian, Paris
  • 30. Collins, J. J. 2011: Daniel, in M. Lieb, E. Mason, J. Roberts (ed. by), The Oxford Handbook of the Reception History of the Bible, Oxford, pp. 77-87
  • 31. Collins, J. J. / Flint, P. W. 2001: The Book of Daniel. Composition and Reception, I-II, Leiden-Boston-Köln
  • 32. Coloru, O. 2012: The Language of the Oikos and the Language of Power in the Seleucid Kingdom, in R. Lawrence, A. Strömberg (ed. by), Families in the Greco-Roman World, London-New York, pp. 84-94
  • 33. Cook, J. G. 2004: The Interpretation of the Old Testament in Greco-Roman Paganism, Tübingen
  • 34. Coşkun, A. 2016: Laodike I, Berenike Phernophoros, Dynastic Murders, and the Outbreak of the Third Syrian War (253-246 BC), in A. Coşkun, A. McAuley (ed. by), Seleukid Royal Women. Creation, Representation and Distortion of Hellenistic Queenship in the Seleukid Empire, Stuttgart, pp. 107-134
  • 35. Coşkun, A. 2018: The War of Brothers, the Third Syrian War, and the Battle of Ankyra (246-241 BC). A Re-Appraisal, in K. Erickson (ed. by), The Seleukid Empire, 281-222 BC. War within the Family, Swansea, pp. 197-252 DOI 10.2307/j.ctvb93898.13
  • 36. Coşkun, A. 2019: The Chronology of the Desecration of the Temple and the Prophecies of Daniel 7-12 Reconsidered, “Historia” 68, pp. 436-462 DOI 10.25162/historia-2019-0023
  • 37. Courtray, R. 2011: Porphyre et le livre de Daniel au travers du Commentaire sur Daniel de Jérôme, in S. Morlet (éd.), Le traité de Porphyre contre les Chrétiens. Un siècle de recherches, nouvelles questions. Actes du colloque international organisé les 8 et 9 septembre 2009 à l’Université de Paris IV-Sorbonne, Paris, pp. 329-356
  • 38. Croke, B. 1983a: Porphyry’s Anti-Christian Chronology, “JThS” 34, pp. 168-185
  • 39. Croke, B. 1983b: The Origins of the Christian World Chronicle, in B. Croke, A. M. Emmett (ed.), History and Historians in Late Antiquity, Sidney-New York, pp. 116-131
  • 40. Debié, M. 2006: L’héritage de la chronique d’Eusèbe dans l’historiographie syriaque, “Journal of the Canadian Society for Syriac Studies” 6, pp. 18-28 DOI 10.31826/9781463216160-003
  • 41. Des Places, É. (ed.) 1982a: Poprphyre, Vie de Pythagore. Lettre à Marcella, Paris 1982
  • 42. Des Places, É. 1982b: Eusèbe de Césarée commentateur. Platonisme et Écriture Sainte, Paris DOI 10.14375/np.9782701010335
  • 43. DiTommaso, L. 2005: The Book of Daniel and the Apocryphal Daniel Literature, Leiden-Boston
  • 44. Drost-Abgarjan, A. 2006: Ein neuer Fund zur armenischen Version der Eusebius-Chronik, in Wallraff 2006a, pp. 255-62 DOI 10.1515/9783110916881.255
  • 45. Drost-Abgarjan, A. 2016: The Reception of Eusebius of Caesarea (ca. 264-339) in Armenia, in F. Gazzano, L. Pagani, G. Traina (ed. by), Greek Texts and Armenian Traditions. An Interdisciplinary Approach, Berlin-Boston, pp. 215-229
  • 46. Ehling, K. 1995: Alexander II. Zabinas. Ein angeblicher (adoptiv-)Sohn des Antiochos VII. oder Alexander I. Balas?, “GNS” 45, pp. 2-7
  • 47. Ehling, K. 2001: Zwei “seleukidische” Miszellen, “Historia” 50, pp. 374-378
  • 48. Ehling, K. 2003: Unruhen, Aufstände und Abfallbewegungen der Bevölkerung in Phönikien, Syrien und Kilikien unter den Seleukiden, “Historia” 52, pp. 300-336
  • 49. Ehling, K. 2008: Untersuchungen zur Geschichte der späten Seleukiden (164-63 v. Chr.). Vom Tode des Antiochos IV. bis zur Einrichtung der Provinz Syria unter Pompeius, Stuttgart
  • 50. Engels, D. 2017: Benefactors, Kings, Rulers. Studies on the Seleukid Empire between East and West, Leuven
  • 51. Engels, J. 2011: Posidonius of Apameia and Strabo of Amasia on the Decline of the Seleucid Kingdom, in Erickson, Ramsey 2011, pp. 181-194.
  • 52. Erickson, K. / Ramsay, G. (ed.) 2011: Seleucid Dissolution. The Sinking of the Anchor, Wiesbaden
  • 53. Fromentin, V. (ed.) 1998: Denys d’Halicarnasse. Antiquités romaines, t. I (Livre I. Introduction générale), Paris
  • 54. Goulet, R. 1977: Porphyre et la datation de Moïse, “RHR” 192, pp. 137-164 [poi in Id., Études sur les vies de philosophes dans l’antiquité tardive. Diogène Laerce, Porphyre de Tyr, Eunape de Sardes, Paris 2001, pp. 245-266] DOI 10.3406/rhr.1977.6616
  • 55. Goulet, R. 2004: Hypothèses récentes sur le traité de Porphyre Contre les Chrétiens, in M. Narcy, E. Rebillard (éd. par), Hellénisme et christianisme, Villeneuve-d’Ascq, pp. 61-109
  • 56. Goulet, R. (ed.) 2012: Dictionnaire des philosophes antiques, V, Paris
  • 57. Goulet, R. (ed.) 2014: Eunape de Sardes, Vie de philosophes et de sophistes, I-II, Paris
  • 58. Grafton, A. / Williams, M. 2011: Come il cristianesimo ha trasformato il libro, trad. it., Roma [ed. or. Cambridge, MA,2006]
  • 59. Grainger, J. D. 1997: A Seleukid Prosopography and Gazetteer, Leiden-New York-Boston
  • 60. Grainger, J. D. 2010: The Syrian Wars, Leyde-Boston
  • 61. Harrak, A. 2018: s. v. Chronicle of Zuqnin, in O. Nicholson (ed. by), The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity, Oxford, p. 337
  • 62. Heinen, H. 1968: Séleucos Cybiosactès et le problème de son identité, in Antidorum W. Peremans sexagenario ab alumnis oblatum, Louvain, pp. 105-114
  • 63. Helm, R. (ed.) 19562: Eusebius Werke, VII (Die Chronik des Hieromnymus. Hieronymi Chronicon), Berlin
  • 64. Honigmann, E. 1942: s. v. Orthosia, in RE XVIII, 2, coll. 1494-1495
  • 65. Inglebert, H. 2001: Interpretatio Christiana. Les mutations des savoirs (cosmographie, géographie, ethnographie, histoire) dans l’antiquité chrétienne (30-630 après J.-C.), Paris
  • 66. Inowlocki, S. 2006: Eusebius and the Jewish Authors. His Citation Technique in an Apologetic Context, Leiden-Boston
  • 67. Jeanjean, B. / Lançon, B. 2004: Saint Jérôme. Chronique. Continuation de la Chronique d’Eusèbe années 326-378, Rennes
  • 68. Jourdan, F. 2015: Eusèbe de Césarée et les extraits de Numénius dans la Préparation Évangélique, in S. Morlet (éd. par), Lire en extraits. Lecture et production des textes de l’Antiquité à la fin du Moyen Age, Paris, pp. 107-148
  • 69. Karst, J. (ed.) 1911: Eusebius Werke, V (Die Chronik), Leipzig
  • 70. Kesseling, P. 1927: Die Chronik des Eusebius in der syrischen Überlieferung, “OC” 1, pp. 23-48
  • 71. Koep, L. 1957: s. v. Chronologie, in Reallexikon für Antike und Christentum 3, coll. 30-60
  • 72. Kosmin, P. J. 2014: The Land of the Elephant Kings. Space, Territory, and Ideology in the Seleucid Empire, Cambridge (MA)-London
  • 73. Kosmin, P. J. 2018: Times and its Adversaries in the Seleucid Empire, Cambridge (MA)-London
  • 74. Le Bohec, S. 1993: Antigone Dôsôn roi de Macédoine, Nancy
  • 75. Malitz, J. 1983: Die Historien des Poseidonios, München
  • 76. Martinez-Sève, L. 2003: Laodice, femme d’Antiochos II. Du roman à la reconstruction historique, “REG” 116, pp. 690-706 DOI 10.3406/reg.2003.4554
  • 77. Momigliano, A. 1981: The Origins of Universal History, in Id., Settimo contributo alla storia degli studi classici e del mondo antico, Roma 1984, pp. 77-103
  • 78. Moreschini, C. 1997: L’utilizzazione di Porfirio in Gerolamo, in C. Moreschini, G. Menestrina (a c. di), Motivi letterari ed esegetici in Gerolamo. Atti del Convegno tenuto a Trento il 5-7 dicembre 1995, Brescia, pp. 175-195
  • 79. Morlet, S. 2007: Eusebius and the Testimonia: Tradition and Originality, in A.-Ch. Jacobsen, J. Ulrich (ed. by), Three Greek Apologists. Origen, Eusebius and Athanasius, Frankfurt am Main-Bern, pp. 93-157
  • 80. Morlet, S. 2012: Eusèbe de Césarée: biographie, chronologie, profil intellectuel, in Morlet, Perrone 2012, pp. 1-31
  • 81. Morlet, S. / Perrone, L. (ed.) 2012: Eusèbe de Césarée. Histoire ecclésiastique. Commentaire, t. I (Études d’introduction), Paris
  • 82. Mosshammer, A. A. 1979: The Chronicle of Eusebius and the Greek Chronographic Tradition, Lewisburg-London DOI 10.2307/1087147
  • 83. Mosshammer, A. A. (ed.) 1984: Georgius Syncellus, Ecloga chronographica, Leipzig
  • 84. Muccioli, F. 2013: Gli epiteti dei re ellenistici, Stuttgart
  • 85. Muscolino, G. 2008-2009: Porfirio. Il Contra Christianos. Per una nuova edizione dei frammenti, tesi, Salerno
  • 86. Nabel, J. 2017: The Seleucids Imprisoned: Arsacid-Roman Hostage Submission and Its Hellenistic Precedents, in J. M. Schlude, B. B. Rubin (ed. by), Arsacids, Romans, and Local Elites. Cross-Cultural Interactions of the Parthian Empire, Oxford-Philadelphia, pp. 25-50
  • 87. Niebuhr, B. G. 1819: Historischer Gewinn aus der armenischen Uebersetzung der Chronik des Eusebius, in Id., Kleine historische und philologische Schriften, I,1828, pp. 179-304
  • 88. Ouzounian: v. Cohen-Skalli 2020
  • 89. Palmer, A. 1993: The Seventh Century in the West-Syrian Chronicles, Liverpool
  • 90. Petermann, H. / Schoene, A. (ed.) 1866-1875: Eusebi Chronicorum libri duo, I: Berolini 1875, II: Berolini 1866;
  • 91. Primo, A. 2009: La storiografia sui Seleucidi. Da Megastene a Eusebio di Cesarea, Pisa-Roma
  • 92. Ramos Jurado, E. Á. / et al. (ed.) 2006: Porfirio de Tiro, Contra los christianos, Cadiz
  • 93. Reaburn, M. 2004: St. Jerome and Porphyry Interpret the Book of Daniel, “Australian Biblical Review” 52, pp. 1-18
  • 94. Rinaldi, G. 1998: La Bibbia dei pagani, II, Bologna
  • 95. Savalli-Lestrade, I. 2003: Rumeurs et silences autour de la mort des rois hellénistiques, in B. Boissavit-Camus, F. Chausson, H. Inglebert (éd. par), La mort du souverain entre Antiquité et haut Moyen Age, Paris, pp. 65-82
  • 96. Savalli-Lestrade, I. 2010: Les rois hellénistiques, maîtres du temps, in I. Savalli-Lestrade, I. Cogitore (éd. par), Des Rois au Prince. Pratiques du pouvoir monarchique dans l’orient hellénistique et romain, Grenoble, pp. 55-83 DOI 10.4000/books.ugaeditions.3138
  • 97. Schwartz, E. s. v. Eusebios, in RE VI, 1, coll. 1370-1439 [poi in Id., Griechische Geschichtschreiber, Leipzig 1959, pp. 497-598]
  • 98. Sirinelli, J. 1961: Les vues historiques d’Eusèbe de Cesarée durant la période prénicéenne, Dakar DOI 10.2307/2504112
  • 99. Tarn, W. W. 1913: Antigonos Gonatas, Oxford
  • 100. Toye, D. L. (ed.) 2011: Pophyry (260), in Brill’s New Jacoby (versione online)
  • 101. von Harnack, A. (ed.) 1916: Porphyrius. Gegen die Christen, Berlin (“Abhandlungen der königlich preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Philosophischhistorische Klasse”)
  • 102. Wallraff, M. (ed.) 2006a: Julius Africanus und die christliche Weltchronistik, Berlin
  • 103. Wallraff, M. 2006b: Die neue Fragmentensammlung der Chronographie des Julius Africanus Bemerkungen zur Methodik anhand einiger Dubia vel Spuria, in Wallraff 2006a, pp. 45-59 DOI 10.1515/9783110916881.45
  • 104. Wallraff, M. (ed.) 2007: Iulius Africanus. Chronographiae. The Extant Fragments, Berlin-New York
  • 105. Will, É 1979-19822: Histoire politique du monde hellénistique (323-30 av. J.-C.), Nancy
  • 106. Wiseman, T. P. 1993: Lying Historians: Seven Types of Mendacity, in C. Gill, T. P. Wiseman (ed. by), Lies and Fiction in the Ancient World, Exeter-Austin, pp. 122-146 [poi in J. Marincola (ed. by), Oxford Readings in Classical Studies. Greek and Roman Historiography, Oxford-New York 2011, pp. 314-336] DOI 10.5949/liverpool/9780859893817.003.0004
  • 107. Witakowski, W. 1987: The Syriac Chronicle of Pseudo-Dionysius of Tel-Mahre. A Study in the History of Historiography, Uppsala DOI 10.3828/978-0-85323-760-0
  • 108. Zohrab, I. / Mai, A. (ed.) 1818: Eusebii Pamphili Chronicorum canonum libri duo, Mediolani